Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 39 April 6, 2001

ationale cannot rely on science alone. This paper reports on the more notable of the opportunities for general public participation,
in particular: 1) Visions of Mars: a CD containing the works of science fiction about Mars, designed to be placed on Mars as the
first library to be found by eventual human explorers; 2) MAPEX: a Microelectronics and Photonics Experiment, measuring the
radiation environment for future human explorers of Mars, and containing a electron beam lithograph of names of all the members
of The Planetary Society at a particular time; 3) Naming of spacecraft: Involvement in the naming of spacecraft: Magellan,
Sojourner; 4) The Mars Microphone: the first privately funded instrument to be sent to another world; 5) Red Rover GOES to
Mars: the first commercial-education partnership on a planetary mission; 6) Student designed nanoexperiments: to fly on a Mars
lander; and 7) SETI@home: a tool permitting millions to contribute to research and data processing in the search for extraterrestrial
intelligence. A brief description of each of the projects will be given, and the opportunity it provided for public participation
described. The evolving complexity of these projects suggest that more opportunities will be found, and that the role of public
participation can increase at the same time as making substantive contributions to the flight missions. It will be suggested that
these projects presage the day that planetary exploration will be truly and global and mass public enterprise, with people in their
homes, and in schools, in direct communication, and even control, of robotic devices on other worlds. The effect of this on future
human and robotic exploration plans is considered. Specific suggestions and plans for the Mars program will be offered - for the
2003, 2005 planned missions, for rovers, balloons and other aerostats, and for outposts leading to human flight. Partnerships
among government and non-government organizations internationally and domestically and among different types of organizations
contributing to education and public outreach will be discussed.
Derived from text
Mars Exploration; Public Relations; Mars Missions
20010023109 Lockheed Martin Corp., Denver, CO USA
An Affordable Mars Sample Return Mission
Gamber, R. T., Lockheed Martin Corp., USA; Sutter, B. M, Lockheed Martin Corp., USA; Clark, B. C., Lockheed Martin Corp.,
USA; Faulconer, C. E., Lockheed Martin Corp., USA; Jolly, S. D., Lockheed Martin Corp., USA; Concepts and Approaches for
Mars Exploration; July 2000, Part 1, pp. 120-121; In English; See also 20010023036; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy;
A03, Microfiche
High program cost has been a major reason that Mars Sample Return missions have not yet occurred. A low cost Mars Sample
Return mission is proposed that can be launched in the 2005/2007 timeframe. This mission concept minimizes the total energy
required by avoiding capture of the Earth Return Vehicle, ERV, at Mars. Deep Space Rendezvous, DSR, with a Martian sample
offers significant cost savings over Mars Orbital rendezvous. The ERV rendezvous with the sample sphere is significantly simpler
than under orbital conditions. The ERV propulsion system can use a simple monoprop design. The ERV carries a Sample Return
Capsule (SRC) and the design is derived from the spacecraft for the Stardust comet sample return Discovery Mission. Many of
the other hardware elements are derived from previous MSR project and concept studies by JPL and LMA.
Derived from text
Mars Sample Return Missions; Mission Planning; Space Rendezvous
20010023110 California Univ., Berkeley, CA USA
Exobiology Robotics Laboratory to Search for Life on Martian Subsurface Water and Permafrost
Gan, D. C., California Univ., USA; Kuznetz, L., California Univ., USA; Chu, D., California Univ., USA; Chang, V., California
Univ., USA; Yamada, M., California Univ., USA; Lee, C., California Univ., USA; Lee, R., California Univ., USA; Concepts and
Approaches for Mars Exploration; July 2000, Part 1, pp. 124; In English; See also 20010023036; No Copyright; Avail: CASI;
A01, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche
A conceptual design of a robotics laboratory was constructed to search for life forms in Martian subsurface water and permafrost
by cultivation of bacteria by using a variety of media to grow bacteria of the Archea group and Eubacteria. Other growth,
morphology, motility and mode of reproduction of bacteria and organisms of the Protista will be observed with microscopy. The
entire operations is controlled by a computer.
Derived from text
Mars Surface; Ground Water; Permafrost; Robotics; Space Laboratories
20010023111 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX USA
Beagle 2 and NASA’s Mars 2003 Orbiter: A Unique Exobiology Opportunity with an Orbiter
Gibson, Everett K., Jr., NASA Johnson Space Center, USA; Pillinger, Colin T., Open Univ., UK; Thatcher, John, Astrium, UK;
Westall, Frances, Lunar and Planetary Inst., USA; Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; July 2000, Part 1, pp. 124;
In English; See also 20010023036; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche
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