Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 39 April 6, 2001
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 39 April 6, 2001
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 39 April 6, 2001
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try), allowing the same samples, including individual grains, to be fully <strong>and</strong> sequentially analyzed for complete compositional<br />
determination: elemental, isotopic, molecular <strong>and</strong> mineralogical.<br />
Derived from text<br />
Mars Sample Return Missions; Mars Exploration; Mission Planning<br />
<strong>2001</strong>0023055 Astrium G.m.b.H., Space Infrastructure, Bremen, Germany<br />
Piggyback Missions to Mars: Potential <strong>and</strong> Constraints<br />
Bischof, B., Astrium G.m.b.H., Germany; Hoffmann, H., Institut fuer Weltraumsensorik und Planetenerkundung, Germany; Zier,<br />
M., Astrium G.m.b.H., Germany; Concepts <strong>and</strong> Approaches for Mars Exploration; July 2000, Part 1, pp. 28; In English; See also<br />
<strong>2001</strong>0023036; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche<br />
For the near <strong>and</strong> medium future, any Mars exploration program will remain publicly funded. Therefore, the efficient use of<br />
taxpayer’s money drives the overall long-term budget available for such a program as well as the cost envelope for each individual<br />
mission. Launches of commercial payloads to GTO offer launch opportunities at moderate costs for small piggyback payloads.<br />
Based on the corresponding capabilities of the ARIANE 5 launcher, a typical mission will be detailed, the general potential <strong>and</strong><br />
constraints of such small missions to Mars will be described, <strong>and</strong>, finally, further applications will be indicated.<br />
Author<br />
Ariane 5 Launch Vehicle; Mars Missions; Launch Costs; Piggyback Systems<br />
<strong>2001</strong>0023056 Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Inst., Moffett Field, CA USA<br />
Mineral Identification as an Indicator of Water <strong>and</strong> Geochemical History on Mars<br />
Bishop, J. L., Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Inst., USA; Concepts <strong>and</strong> Approaches for Mars Exploration; July 2000, Part<br />
1, pp. 29-30; In English; See also <strong>2001</strong>0023036; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche<br />
Mineral identification on Mars is an essential aspect of basic geological science that will provide information about the climate<br />
<strong>and</strong> geochemical history of the planet <strong>and</strong> provide clues about the existence <strong>and</strong> extent of past water bodies or systems on<br />
Mars. Remote spectral data from orbiters, l<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>and</strong> rovers are the primary source of information about the surface mineralogy<br />
on Mars. Chemical <strong>and</strong> magnetic data also constrain the types or abundance of minerals present. The most successful mineral<br />
identification procedures will include data from a combination of spectral regions, as well as chemical <strong>and</strong> magnetic data. Other<br />
techniques, such as Moessbauer spectroscopy <strong>and</strong> thermal analysis (DTA, DSC, TGA), have been suggested for in situ measurements<br />
on the Martian surface; these analyses in combination with spectral <strong>and</strong> chemical data would enable even more precise<br />
identification of the types or classes of minerals present on Mars.<br />
Derived from text<br />
Mars Surface; Mineralogy; Minerals; Iron Oxides; Geochemistry<br />
<strong>2001</strong>0023057 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA<br />
How to Access <strong>and</strong> Sample the Deep Subsurface of Mars<br />
Briggs, G., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Blacic, J., Los Alamos National Lab., USA; Dreesen, D., Los Alamos National<br />
Lab., USA; Mockler, T., Los Alamos National Lab., USA; Concepts <strong>and</strong> Approaches for Mars Exploration; July 2000, Part 1, pp.<br />
31-32; In English; See also <strong>2001</strong>0023036; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche<br />
We are developing a technology roadmap to support a series of Mars l<strong>and</strong>er missions aimed at successively deeper <strong>and</strong> more<br />
comprehensive explorations of the Martian subsurface. The proposed mission sequence is outlined. Key to this approach is development<br />
of a drilling <strong>and</strong> sampling technology robust <strong>and</strong> flexible enough to successfully penetrate the presently unknown subsurface<br />
geology <strong>and</strong> structure. Martian environmental conditions, mission constraints of power <strong>and</strong> mass <strong>and</strong> a requirement for a high<br />
degree of automation all limit applicability of many proven terrestrial drilling technologies. Planetary protection <strong>and</strong> bioscience<br />
objectives further complicate selection of c<strong>and</strong>idate systems. Nevertheless, recent advances in drilling technologies for the oil &<br />
gas, mining, underground utility <strong>and</strong> other specialty drilling industries convinces us that it will be possible to meet science <strong>and</strong><br />
operational objectives of Mars subsurface exploration.<br />
Author<br />
Mars Surface; Mars Missions; Core Sampling<br />
<strong>2001</strong>0023058 Lunar <strong>and</strong> Planetary Inst., Houston, TX USA<br />
Getting to Mars to Stay<br />
Blackmer, R.; Concepts <strong>and</strong> Approaches for Mars Exploration; July 2000, Part 1, pp. 33-34; In English; See also <strong>2001</strong>0023036;<br />
No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche<br />
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