Session 1 - Montefiore

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The new built density of the neighbourhood and an estimation of the surface area of land and of the length of collective networks saved are finally presented (Table 2). Present- Scenario Scenario Scenario Scenario day 1 2 3 4 Mean energy consumption for heating [kWh/m².year] 146,9 139,4 121,3 128,0 102,2 Savings in comparison with present-day inventory / 5,2% 17,4% 12,9% 30,4% Solar energy received by façades [kWh/m².y] 398,6 398,6 398,2 394,6 382,6 Difference with present-day / 0% -0,1% -1,0% -4,0% Solar energy received by roofs [kWh/m².y] 1005 1005 1005 1005 1005 Built density [houses per ha] 7,6 8,0 9,6 9,3 12,6 Surface area of land saved [ha] / 2,07 9,27 8,10 23,4 Length of collective network saved[metre] / 184 824 720 2080 Table 2: Present-day inventory and results for the four scenarios. Figure 3: Solar paths and obstructions generated by each scenario, in the middle of the neighbourhood, on the ground, 15 th June (Townscope software). Significant energy savings can be obtained if the built density of the district is increased. The positive effects come from the building of new well-insulated houses, which makes the mean energy consumption decrease, at the district scale, even if houses are still detached (ex: - 17,4% in scenario 2). As the present-day density is very low, adding new houses between existing ones allows to reduce energy consumption without reducing too much solar gains on facades and roofs (Figure 3). Note that vegetation was not taken into account. Scenario 4 combines the positive effect of an increase in built density and a more compact distribution of houses (detached houses require more energy for heating than terraced houses). Photovoltaic systems and solar thermal collectors mounted on roofs could be used according to the threshold values proposed by [8] and commonly used in practice. On top of potential energy savings, increasing the built density of the neighbourhood allows above all to significantly protect unbuilt land from urbanization and to limit the need for new infrastructures and networks. However, even in scenario 4, the built density remains too low (12,6 dwellings / hectare) to organize a more efficient bus service. Sensitivity analyses Three sensitivity analyses were finally performed. These concerned insulation, climate conditions and orientation. Insulation offers a large potential for energy savings because the
existing building stock is poorly or not insulated. If all the existing houses of the neighbourhood are retrofitted to reach the current standard required in the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and if new houses built in the neighbourhood reach the passive standard (
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Session 15 - Supervisors : Sigrid R
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Appendix A : Sigrid Reiter Appendix
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EEA Report No 10/2006 Urban sprawl
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Contents Contents Acknowledgements
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Urban sprawl — a European challen
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from city centres, while retaining
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growth as mentioned in Chapter 1. R
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The extent of urban sprawl in Europ
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esidential density, sprawl is equal
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The extent of urban sprawl in Europ
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3 The drivers of urban sprawl 3.1 C
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The drivers of urban sprawl Figure
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also clearly demonstrate city spraw
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Box 4 Portugal and Spain: threats t
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Box 5 (cont.) Map Development scena
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Box 6 (cont.) The drivers of urban
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emote locations and requiring trans
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4.1.2 Natural and protected areas T
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Box 7 (cont.) The impacts of urban
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the societal cost of asthma has bee
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Box 8 Effects of residential areas
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5.2 The European spatial developmen
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European regional forces generating
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Box 9 (cont.) Responses to urban sp
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urban development plan and focused
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Box 10 (cont.) Responses to urban s
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Annex: Data and methodological appr
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C Assessing urban sprawl at the Eur
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References and further reading Ambi
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European Commission, 1990. Green Pa
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European Environment Agency Urban s
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Appendix A.2 78
Page 80 and 81: Section 2 presents a brief review o
Page 82 and 83: intervention in these specific type
Page 84 and 85: electricity as trains in Belgium ar
Page 86 and 87: The majority of those districts are
Page 88 and 89: which were calculated with the same
Page 90 and 91: The last type of sensitivity analys
Page 92 and 93: (INSEE) in France, the Office for N
Page 94 and 95: Kints C. La rénovation énergétiq
Page 96 and 97: A Method to Evaluate the Energy Con
Page 98 and 99: application in many other suburban
Page 100 and 101: Our classification of buildings cur
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Page 104 and 105: energy consumption of a neighborhoo
Page 106 and 107: transportation represents 11.8% to
Page 108 and 109: most important. Insulating only the
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Page 112 and 113: measurements because of high variat
Page 114 and 115: Hilderson, W., E. Mlecnik and J. Cr
Page 116 and 117: FIGURE CAPTIONS AND TABLE TITLES Fi
Page 118 and 119: PLEA2012 - 28th Conference, Opportu
Page 126 and 127: ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AND SOLAR AVAIL
Page 128 and 129: year are 34.9 °C and -9,1°C. The
Page 132 and 133: Appendix A.6 132
Page 134 and 135: uilding” approach. A large amount
Page 136 and 137: C. Comparison of our classification
Page 138: In fact, as cavity walls became wid
Page 141 and 142: METHODS, TOOLS, AND SOFTWARE Keywor
Page 143 and 144: approaches. These methodologies hav
Page 145 and 146: travel through the urban area of Li
Page 147 and 148: METHODS, TOOLS, AND SOFTWARE Figure
Page 149 and 150: as well as the ability to test fore
Page 153 and 154: consumption is rarely taken into ac
Page 155 and 156: interdependences between urban stru
Page 157 and 158: These data were also used by Boussa
Page 159 and 160: and energy consumption in the resid
Page 161 and 162: Mean modal share (train) 14,0% 12,7
Page 163 and 164: Figure 4: Annual transport energy c
Page 165 and 166: 23,0%, even if the annual energy co
Page 167 and 168: or commercial purposes. “Type-pro
Page 169 and 170: Beevers SD and Carslaw DC (2005) Th
Page 171 and 172: Lavadinho S and Lensel B (2010) Imp
Page 175 and 176: NOTICE The submitted manuscript has
Page 177 and 178: Using ZEB design goals takes us out
Page 179 and 180: Boulder, Colorado has a solar acces
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(Mermoud 1996) to calculate the exp
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energy is used. TDVs have been deve
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Net Zero Energy Emissions Building
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combined with selecting a favorable
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Appendix A.10 189
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Life Cycle Assessment of Buildings
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PRe, SimaPro., 2000. Life Cycle Ass
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Appendix A.11 209
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396 buildings [17,26]. This review
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398 2.2. Embodied energy and carbon
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400 using photovoltaic panels will
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Appendix A.12 217
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assumptions, the indicators (Embodi
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Table 3 Distribution of the steel w
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the three case studies exhibit a st
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PLEA 2011 - 27 th Conference on Pas
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Appendix B : Pierre Dewallef Append
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When writing your presentation, you
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Status of Solar Tower Power Plant t
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Appendix B.3 237
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Status of biomass combustion power
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Appendix B.5 243
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Status of ocean thermal energy conv
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Appendix B.7 249
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Status of Natural Gas Combined Cycl
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Appendix B.9 255
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Status of Integrated coal Gazeifica
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Appendix B.11 261
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Status of Carbon Capture and Storag
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Appendix B.13 267
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Status of Carbon Capture and Storag
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Session 1 - Montefiore

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