Session 1 - Montefiore

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As far as the reproducibility of our approach is concerned, the method is parameterised and, if the same type of empirical survey data exists, it can be reproduced for other territories by adjusting parameters for vehicles, consumption factors, etc. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Using a quantitative method developed to evaluate transport energy consumption and its application to the Walloon region of Belgium, this paper has shown that urban structure (that is to say the system defined by the location of work places and services, the spatial distribution of population according to residence and infrastructures), acts upon travel energy consumption. This study also questioned the issue of scale through an evaluation of the energy efficiency of home-to-work and home-to-school trips at several territorial scales. We have shown that a local-scale approach is useful, as it allows for a more nuanced picture of the energy performance of commuting in urban and suburban areas. The local-scale approach highlights local phenomena, particularly the existence of secondary urban cores characterised by low energy consumption inside suburban territories due to the local re-concentration of employment opportunities and sufficiently large concentration of local population. Two distinct phenomena were highlighted: the “metropolisation”, which results in a longer commuting distance in the suburbs to major employment centres (such as Luxembourg and Brussels), and the “territorial recomposition”, which tends to reduce travelled distances inside suburban or remote territories. In this respect, the current mobility policies should be more context-specific by addressing the sustainability of transport also at the local scale. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research is funded by the Walloon region of Belgium in the framework of the “Suburban Areas Favouring Energy efficiency” project (SAFE). REFERENCES Banister D (1992) Energy use, transport and settlement patterns. In Sustainable Development and Urban Form (Breheny M. (ed.)). Pion Ltd, London, UK, pp. 160-181. Marique AF, Dujardin S, Teller J & Reiter S (In press) Urban sprawl, commuting and travel energy consumption. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Energy. 19
Beevers SD and Carslaw DC (2005) The impact of congestion charging on vehicle speed and its implications for assessing vehicle emissions. Atmospheric Environment 39: 6875-6884. Berry B and Okulicz-Kozaryn A (2009) Dissatisfaction with city life: A new look at some old questions. Cities 26: 117–124. Boarnet M and Crane R (2001) The influence of land use on travel behaviour: specification and estimation strategies. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 35(9): 823-845. Boussauw K and Witlox F (2009) Introducing a commute-energy performance index for Flanders. Transportation Research Part A 43 : 580-591. Breheny MJ and Gordon IR (1997) Urban densities, travel behavior and the limits to planning. In Proceedings of BEPAC/EPSRC Conference on Sustainable Buildings, Abingdon, UK, pp. 37-42. Brück L (2002) La périurbanisation en Belgique. (Suburbanisation in Belgium). University of Liège, SEGEFA, Liège, Belgique. Couch C and Karecha J (2006) Controlling urban sprawl: Some experiences from Liverpool. Cities 23(5): 353–363. Den Tonkelaar WAM (1994) Effects of motorway speed limits on fuel consumption and emissions. Science of The Total Environment 146–147: 201-207. Department for Transport (2011) Values of Time and Operating Costs. Transport Analysis Guidance (TAG) Unit 3.5.6, London, UK. Dujardin S, Boussauw K, Brévers F, Lambotte JM, Teller J and Witlox F (2011) Home-to-work commuting, spatial structure and energy consumption: A comparative analysis of Wallonia and Flanders. In Proceedings of the BIVEC/GIBET Transportation Research Day (Cornelis E. (ed)). University Press BVBA, Namur, Belgique, pp. 1-14. European Commission (2008) European Energy and transport – Trends to 2030. European Commission. European Environment Agency (2006) Urban sprawl in Europe. The ignored challenge. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, Report 10/2006, pp. 1-56. Ewing RH (1994) Characteristics, causes and effects of sprawl: A literature review. Environmental and Urban Studies 21: 1-15. Marique AF, Dujardin S, Teller J & Reiter S (In press) Urban sprawl, commuting and travel energy consumption. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Energy. 20
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Session 1 - Supervisors : Pierre De
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Session 3 - Supervisors : Damien Er
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Session 5 - Supervisors : Nathalie
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Session 11 - Supervisors : Damien E
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Session 13 - Supervisors : Nathalie
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Session 15 - Supervisors : Sigrid R
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Appendix A : Sigrid Reiter Appendix
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EEA Report No 10/2006 Urban sprawl
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Contents Contents Acknowledgements
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Urban sprawl — a European challen
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from city centres, while retaining
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growth as mentioned in Chapter 1. R
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The extent of urban sprawl in Europ
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esidential density, sprawl is equal
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The extent of urban sprawl in Europ
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3 The drivers of urban sprawl 3.1 C
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The drivers of urban sprawl Figure
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also clearly demonstrate city spraw
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Box 4 Portugal and Spain: threats t
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Box 5 (cont.) Map Development scena
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Box 6 (cont.) The drivers of urban
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emote locations and requiring trans
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4.1.2 Natural and protected areas T
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Box 7 (cont.) The impacts of urban
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the societal cost of asthma has bee
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Box 8 Effects of residential areas
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5.2 The European spatial developmen
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European regional forces generating
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Box 9 (cont.) Responses to urban sp
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urban development plan and focused
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Box 10 (cont.) Responses to urban s
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Annex: Data and methodological appr
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C Assessing urban sprawl at the Eur
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References and further reading Ambi
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European Commission, 1990. Green Pa
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European Environment Agency Urban s
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Appendix A.2 78
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Section 2 presents a brief review o
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intervention in these specific type
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electricity as trains in Belgium ar
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The majority of those districts are
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which were calculated with the same
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The last type of sensitivity analys
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(INSEE) in France, the Office for N
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Kints C. La rénovation énergétiq
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A Method to Evaluate the Energy Con
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application in many other suburban
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Our classification of buildings cur
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to work and the mode of transportat
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energy consumption of a neighborhoo
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transportation represents 11.8% to
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most important. Insulating only the
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savings highlighted in the first an
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measurements because of high variat
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Hilderson, W., E. Mlecnik and J. Cr
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FIGURE CAPTIONS AND TABLE TITLES Fi
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Page 141 and 142: METHODS, TOOLS, AND SOFTWARE Keywor
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Page 147 and 148: METHODS, TOOLS, AND SOFTWARE Figure
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assumptions, the indicators (Embodi
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Table 3 Distribution of the steel w
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the three case studies exhibit a st
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PLEA 2011 - 27 th Conference on Pas
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Appendix B : Pierre Dewallef Append
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When writing your presentation, you
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Status of Solar Tower Power Plant t
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Appendix B.3 237
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Status of biomass combustion power
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Status of ocean thermal energy conv
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Status of Natural Gas Combined Cycl
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Status of Integrated coal Gazeifica
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Status of Carbon Capture and Storag
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Appendix B.13 267
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Status of Carbon Capture and Storag
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Session 1 - Montefiore

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