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État de la population mondiale 2005 - UNFPA

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Penh.” Communication faite à Non-consensual<br />

Sexual Experiences of Young People in<br />

Developing Countries: A Consultative<br />

Meeting, New Delhi, In<strong>de</strong>, 22-25 septembre<br />

2003. Tous ces textes sont cités dans:<br />

Popu<strong>la</strong>tion Council, OMS et YouthNet.<br />

2004. Sexual Coercion: Young Men’s<br />

Experience as Victims and Perpetrators.<br />

New Delhi: Popu<strong>la</strong>tion Council.<br />

15 M. E. Greene et A. E. Biddlecom. 2000.<br />

“Absent and Problematic Men:<br />

Demographic Accounts of Male<br />

Reproductive Roles.” Popu<strong>la</strong>tion and<br />

Development Review 26(1): 81-115; et<br />

J. Jacobson, 2000. “Transforming Family<br />

P<strong>la</strong>nning Programmes: Towards a<br />

Framework for Advancing the Reproductive<br />

Rights Agenda.” Reproductive Health<br />

Matters 8(15): 21-32.<br />

16 The A<strong>la</strong>n Guttmacher Institute. 2003.<br />

In Their Own Right: Addressing the Sexual<br />

and Reproductive Health Needs of Men<br />

Worldwi<strong>de</strong>. New York: The A<strong>la</strong>n<br />

Guttmacher Institute. Sur <strong>la</strong> base <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Enquêtes démographiques et sanitaires<br />

conduites dans 39 pays en développement<br />

entre 1996 et 2003.<br />

17 Les données ne comprennent pas tous les<br />

groupes dans toutes les régions, <strong>la</strong>issant<br />

en <strong>de</strong>hors certains groupes clefs comme<br />

les garçons <strong>de</strong> moins <strong>de</strong> 15 ans, les<br />

hommes célibataires et les détenus, le<br />

personnel militaire, les migrants ou les<br />

réfugiés, dont beaucoup sont sexuellement<br />

actifs.<br />

18 The A<strong>la</strong>n Guttmacher Institute 2003.<br />

19 The A<strong>la</strong>n Guttmacher Institute. 2004.<br />

Risk and Protection: Youth and HIV/AIDS in<br />

Sub-Saharan Africa, p. 34. New York et<br />

Washington, D.C.: The A<strong>la</strong>n Guttmacher<br />

Institute.<br />

20 The A<strong>la</strong>n Guttmacher Institute 2004,<br />

appendice, tableau 5, p. 36.<br />

21 The A<strong>la</strong>n Guttmacher Institute 2004,<br />

appendice, tableau 4, p. 35.<br />

22 ONU. <strong>2005</strong>a. Examen <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> mise en œuvre<br />

du Programme d’action <strong>de</strong> Beijing et <strong>de</strong>s<br />

documents issus <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> session extraordinaire<br />

<strong>de</strong> l’Assemblée générale intitulée “Les femmes<br />

en l’an 2000: égalité <strong>de</strong>s sexes, développement<br />

et paix pour le XXIe siècle”: Rapport<br />

du Secrétaire général (E/CN.6/<strong>2005</strong>/2),<br />

par. 658. New York: ONU.<br />

23 T. Chattopadhay, 2004. Role of Men and<br />

Boys in Promoting Gen<strong>de</strong>r Equality: An<br />

Advocacy Brief. Bangkok: UNESCO;<br />

PLANetWiRE Clips. 13 avril <strong>2005</strong>. “Saudi<br />

Clerics Rule Against Forced Marriage;” et<br />

G. Barker, 2002. “Instituto PROMUNDO:<br />

Engaging Young Men in Gen<strong>de</strong>r-Based<br />

Violence Prevention and Sexual and<br />

Reproductive Health Promotion: Rio <strong>de</strong><br />

Janeiro, Brazil.” Communication faite à<br />

l’atelier d’Oxfam, Gen<strong>de</strong>r Is Everyone’s<br />

Business: Programming with Men to<br />

Achieve Gen<strong>de</strong>r Equality, Oxford,<br />

Royaume-Uni, 10-12 juin 2002. Site Web:<br />

www.oxfam.org.uk/what_we_do/issues/<br />

gen<strong>de</strong>r/gem/downloads/Promcase.pdf,<br />

visité pour <strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>rnière fois le 5 mai <strong>2005</strong>.<br />

24 <strong>UNFPA</strong>. <strong>2005</strong>b. “Conférence régionale <strong>de</strong>s<br />

organisations africaines <strong>de</strong> foi is<strong>la</strong>mique,<br />

Abuja, Nigéria, 14-18 mars <strong>2005</strong>.” Rapport<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Conférence. New York: <strong>UNFPA</strong>.<br />

25 M. E. Greene, 2002. “Involving Men in<br />

Reproductive Health: Implications for<br />

Reproductive Health and Rights.” Pp. 129-<br />

138 dans: Reproductive Health and Rights:<br />

Reaching the Hardly Reached, édité par<br />

E. Murphy et A. Hendrix-Jenkins.<br />

Washington, D.C.: PATH. Site Web:<br />

www.path.org/publications/pub.php?id=<br />

516, visité pour <strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>rnière fois le 22 juin<br />

<strong>2005</strong>.<br />

26 I. Ndong et al. 1999. “Men’s Reproductive<br />

Health: Defining, Designing and Delivering<br />

Services.” International Family P<strong>la</strong>nning<br />

Perspectives 25(Supplément): S53-S55;<br />

G. Bergstrom, 1999. “Men’s Voices,<br />

Men’s Choices: How Can Men Gain From<br />

Improved Gen<strong>de</strong>r Equality?” Un séminaire<br />

régional Suè<strong>de</strong>/Afrique, Lusaka, Zambie,<br />

11-13 janvier 1999. Stockholm, Suè<strong>de</strong>:<br />

Ministère <strong>de</strong>s affaires étrangères;<br />

A. Johansson et al. 1998. “Husbands’<br />

Involvement in Abortion in Vietnam.”<br />

Studies in Family P<strong>la</strong>nning 29(4): 400-413;<br />

A. M. Basu, 1996. “Women’s Education,<br />

Marriage and Fertility: Do Men Really<br />

Not Matter?”Série Popu<strong>la</strong>tion and<br />

Development Program Working Paper.<br />

No. 96.03. Ithaca, New York: Cornell<br />

University; Carlos Laudari, 1998. “Gen<strong>de</strong>r<br />

Equity in Reproductive and Sexual Health.”<br />

Communication présentée à l’Atelier<br />

thématique FAO/OMS/<strong>UNFPA</strong> sur <strong>la</strong> participation<br />

<strong>de</strong>s hommes aux programmes <strong>de</strong><br />

santé en matière <strong>de</strong> sexualité et <strong>de</strong> procréation,<br />

Rome, 9-13 novembre 1998;<br />

T. H. Hull, 1999. “Men and Family P<strong>la</strong>nning:<br />

How Attractive is the Programme of<br />

Action?” Communication présentée à <strong>la</strong><br />

réunion psychosociale précédant <strong>la</strong> réunion<br />

annuelle <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Popu<strong>la</strong>tion Association of<br />

America, New York, New York, 23-24<br />

mars.1999; S. Hawkes, 1998. “Providing<br />

Sexual Health Services for Men in<br />

Bang<strong>la</strong><strong>de</strong>sh.” Sexual Health Exchange<br />

3: 14-15; et M. Collumbien et S. Hawkes.<br />

2000. “Missing Men’s Messages: Does the<br />

Reproductive Health Approach Respond to<br />

Men’s Sexual Health Needs?” Culture,<br />

Health and Sexuality 2(2): 135-150.<br />

27 <strong>UNFPA</strong> 2000. Le thème <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> “honte”<br />

chez les hommes (s’ils recherchent<br />

<strong>de</strong>s préservatifs, <strong>de</strong>s services, débattent<br />

<strong>de</strong> problèmes <strong>de</strong> santé en matière <strong>de</strong><br />

procréation, partagent les responsabilités<br />

domestiques) a été l’une <strong>de</strong>s conclusions<br />

sail<strong>la</strong>ntes d’une étu<strong>de</strong> menée au Nicaragua.<br />

Voir: Organisation panaméricaine <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong><br />

santé, Fonds <strong>de</strong>s Nations Unies pour <strong>la</strong><br />

popu<strong>la</strong>tion, Coopération alleman<strong>de</strong>-GTZ,<br />

Ministère <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> santé, 2003.<br />

28 W. Cates Jr., 1996. “The Dual Goals of<br />

Reproductive Health.” Network 16(3); E.<br />

Loaiza, 1998. “Male Fertility, Contraceptive<br />

Use, and Reproductive Preferences in<br />

Latin America: The DHS Experience.”<br />

Communication préparée pour le<br />

séminaire, “Men, Family Formation and<br />

Reproduction,” Comité <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> parité <strong>de</strong>s<br />

sexes et <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> popu<strong>la</strong>tion <strong>de</strong> l’Union internationale<br />

pour l’étu<strong>de</strong> scientifique <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong><br />

popu<strong>la</strong>tion (IUSSP) et Centre d’étu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>la</strong> popu<strong>la</strong>tion (CENEP), Buenos Aires,<br />

Argentine 13–15 mai. Liège, Belgique: Union<br />

internationale pour l’étu<strong>de</strong> scientifique <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>la</strong> popu<strong>la</strong>tion; et P. Lamptey et al. 1978.<br />

“An Evaluation of Male Contraceptive<br />

Acceptance in Rural Ghana.” Studies<br />

in Family P<strong>la</strong>nning 9(8): 222-226;<br />

B. M. Fapohunda et N. Rutenberg. 1998.<br />

“Enhancing the Role of Men in Family<br />

P<strong>la</strong>nning and Reproductive Health.”<br />

Étu<strong>de</strong> non publiée.<br />

29 <strong>UNFPA</strong> 2000; et C. Nzioka, 2001.<br />

“Perspectives of Adolescent Boys on the<br />

Risks of Unwanted Pregnancy and Sexually<br />

Transmitted Infections: Kenya,”<br />

Reproductive Health Matters 9(17): 108-117.<br />

30 <strong>UNFPA</strong> 2000.<br />

31 Scalway 2001.<br />

32 A. B<strong>la</strong>nc, 2001. “The effect of power in<br />

sexual re<strong>la</strong>tionships on sexual and reproductive<br />

health: an examination of the<br />

evi<strong>de</strong>nce”. Studies in Family P<strong>la</strong>nning<br />

32(3): 189-213.<br />

33 B. De Keijzer, 2004. “Masculinities:<br />

Resistance and Change.” Pp. 28-49 dans:<br />

Gen<strong>de</strong>r Equality and Men: Learning from<br />

Practice, édité par S. Ruxton. 2004. Oxford:<br />

Oxfam GB.<br />

34 <strong>UNFPA</strong>. 2004. Working from Within:<br />

Culturally Sensitive Approaches in <strong>UNFPA</strong><br />

Programming, p. 12. New York: <strong>UNFPA</strong>.<br />

35 M. Sayages, 13 juin 2003. “Africa’s Men<br />

Meet Challenge of Fighting HIV/AIDS.”<br />

Reuters AlertNet. Site Web:<br />

www.alertnet.org/thefacts/reliefresources/<br />

aidsfeature.htm, visité pour <strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>rnière fois<br />

le 9 juillet <strong>2005</strong>.<br />

36 ONU <strong>2005</strong>a, par. 388; et “A Role for Men<br />

in Gen<strong>de</strong>r Equality.” 13 septembre 2004.<br />

IPS UN Journal.11(165): 6.<br />

37 Popu<strong>la</strong>tion Council. 2000. “Alone You Are<br />

Nobody, Together We Float: The Manue<strong>la</strong><br />

Ramos Movement.” Quality/Calidad/Qualité,<br />

No. 10. New York: Popu<strong>la</strong>tion Council.<br />

38 K. Siegfried, 3 mars <strong>2005</strong>. “Changing<br />

Men’s Attitu<strong>de</strong>s to Reduce AIDS in Africa.”<br />

The Christian Science Monitor.<br />

39 ONU. 2004. “The Role of Men and Boys in<br />

Achieving Gen<strong>de</strong>r Equality.” Groupe II <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong><br />

quarante-huitième session <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong><br />

Commission <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> condition <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> femme,<br />

New York, 2 mars 2004. New York:<br />

Division <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> promotion <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> femme,<br />

ONU.<br />

40 Scalway 2001.<br />

41 S. Raju et A. Leonard (éd.). 2000. Men as<br />

Supportive Partners in Reproductive Health:<br />

Moving from Rhetoric to Reality, p. 57.<br />

New Delhi: Popu<strong>la</strong>tion Council; S. Laack,<br />

1995. “Thoughts about Male Involvement:<br />

Swedish Experiences.” Communication<br />

présentée à <strong>la</strong> Conférence sur <strong>la</strong> sexualité<br />

<strong>de</strong>s jeunes, Arusha, Tanzanie, 13-18 août<br />

1995; et S. Laack et al. 1997. Report on the<br />

RFSU Young Men’s Clinic. Stockholm, Suè<strong>de</strong>:<br />

Association suédoise pour l’éducation<br />

sexuelle.<br />

42 E. Grant et al. 2003. “Seizing the Day:<br />

Right Time, Right P<strong>la</strong>ce, Right Message<br />

for Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual<br />

Health (Kenya).” Communication présentée<br />

à <strong>la</strong> Conference on Reaching Men to<br />

Improve the Reproductive Health of All,<br />

Interagency Gen<strong>de</strong>r Working Group,<br />

Agency for International Development<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Etats-Unis, Washington D.C.,<br />

septembre 2003.<br />

43 Organisation panaméricaine <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> santé.<br />

2003. “Improving the Lives of Adolescent<br />

Girls and Boys By Involving Adolescent<br />

Boys: A New Approach to Health<br />

Promotion and Prevention Through Soccer.”<br />

Washington, D.C.: Organisation<br />

panaméricaine <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> santé.<br />

44 Popu<strong>la</strong>tion Council. 2003. “My Father<br />

Didn’t Think This Way: Nigerian Boys<br />

Contemp<strong>la</strong>te Gen<strong>de</strong>r Equality.” 2003.<br />

Quality/Calidad/Qualité. No. 14. New York:<br />

Popu<strong>la</strong>tion Council.<br />

45 A. Mishra, 2003. “Enlightening Adolescent<br />

Boys in India on Gen<strong>de</strong>r and Reproductive<br />

and Sexual Health.” Communication faite à<br />

<strong>la</strong> Conference on Reaching Men to Improve<br />

the Reproductive Health of All, Interagency<br />

Gen<strong>de</strong>r Working Group, Agency for<br />

International Development <strong>de</strong>s Etats-Unis,<br />

Washington D.C., septembre 2003.<br />

46 G. Barker et al. 2004. “How Do We Know<br />

if Men Have Changed: Promoting and<br />

Measuring Attitu<strong>de</strong> Change with Young<br />

Men: Lessons Learned from Program H in<br />

Latin America,” Pp. 147-161 dans: Gen<strong>de</strong>r<br />

Equality and Men: Learning from Practice,<br />

édité par S. Ruxton. 2004. Oxford: Oxfam<br />

GB.<br />

47 <strong>UNFPA</strong>. 2003a. Enlisting the Armed Forces<br />

to Protect Reproductive Health and Rights:<br />

Lessons from Nine Countries. Rapport<br />

technique. New York: <strong>UNFPA</strong><br />

48 Ibid.<br />

49 <strong>UNFPA</strong>. 2003b. Salud Sexual y Reproductiva,<br />

Prevención <strong>de</strong>l VIH/SIDA y Equidad <strong>de</strong><br />

Género en Fuerzas Armadas en América<br />

Latina, Estudios <strong>de</strong> Caso <strong>de</strong> Ecuador,<br />

Nicaragua, Paraguay y Perú. Bogota,<br />

Colombie: <strong>UNFPA</strong>.<br />

50 Pathfin<strong>de</strong>r International. 1998. “Reaching<br />

Young Men with Reproductive Health<br />

Programs.” Watertown, Massachusetts:<br />

Pathfin<strong>de</strong>r International. Site Web:<br />

www.pathfind.org/pf/pubs/focus/IN%20<br />

FOCUS/ReachingYoungMen.doc, visité le<br />

25 mars <strong>2005</strong>.<br />

51 U. Rob et al. 2004. “Integration of<br />

Reproductive Health Services for Men in<br />

Health and Family Welfare Centers in<br />

Bang<strong>la</strong><strong>de</strong>sh.” FRONTIERS, rapport final.<br />

Washington, D.C.: Popu<strong>la</strong>tion Council.<br />

52 ONU <strong>2005</strong>a, par. 193, 239, 406, et 571; et<br />

ONU. <strong>2005</strong>b. Progrès accomplis dans <strong>la</strong> mise<br />

en oeuvre <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Déc<strong>la</strong>ration d’engagement sur<br />

le VIH/sida: Rapport du Secrétaire général<br />

(A/59/765), par. 63b. New York: ONU.<br />

CHAPITRE 7<br />

1 Projet objectifs du Millénaire. <strong>2005</strong>a.<br />

Taking Action: Achieving Gen<strong>de</strong>r Equality and<br />

Empowering Women. Équipe <strong>de</strong> travail sur<br />

l’éducation et l’égalité <strong>de</strong>s sexes. Londres<br />

et Sterling, Virginie: Earthscan.<br />

2 L. Heise, M. Ellsberg et M. Gottemoeller.<br />

1999. “Ending Violence against Women.”<br />

Popu<strong>la</strong>tion Reports. Série L. No. 11.<br />

Baltimore, Mary<strong>la</strong>nd: Popu<strong>la</strong>tion<br />

Information Program, Johns Hopkins<br />

University School of Public Health.<br />

3 Projet objectifs du Millénaire <strong>2005</strong>a, pp. 15<br />

et 110.<br />

4 Heise, Ellsberg et Gottemoeller 1999.<br />

5 E. Krug et al. (éd.). 2002. World Report on<br />

Violence and Health. Genève: OMS.<br />

6 Ibid.<br />

7 A. R. Morrison et M. B. Or<strong>la</strong>ndo. 1999.<br />

“Social and Economic Costs of Domestic<br />

Violence: Chile and Nicaragua.” Ch. 3 dans:<br />

A. Morrison et L. Biehl (éd.). 1999. Too<br />

Close to Home: Domestic Violence in Latin<br />

America.Washington, D.C.: Banque interaméricaine<br />

<strong>de</strong> développement. Cité dans:<br />

Projet objectifs du Millénaire <strong>2005</strong>a.<br />

8 International Center for Research on<br />

Women. 2000. A Summary Report for a<br />

Multi-Site Household Survey. Domestic<br />

Violence in India. No. 3. Washington, D.C.<br />

International Center for Research on<br />

Women. Cité dans: Projet objectifs du<br />

Millénaire <strong>2005</strong>a, p. 115.<br />

9 Gouvernement australien. 2004. The Cost<br />

of Domestic Violence to the Australian<br />

Economy: Part I. Rapport préparé par<br />

Access Economics Pty. Office of Women,<br />

Commonwealth of Australia; et J. Phillips<br />

et M. Park. 6 décembre 2004. “Measuring<br />

Violence against Women: A Review of the<br />

Literature and Statistics.” Canberra,<br />

Australie: Parlement australien. Online<br />

E-Brief. Site Web: www.aph.gov.au/<br />

library/intgui<strong>de</strong>/SP/ViolenceAgainst<br />

Women.htm, visité pour <strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>rnière fois<br />

le 27 juin <strong>2005</strong>.<br />

10 H. Waters et al. 2004. The Economic<br />

Dimensions of Interpersonal Violence.<br />

Genève: Department of Injuries and<br />

Violence Prevention, OMS.<br />

11 Projet objectifs du Millénaire. <strong>2005</strong>a, p.<br />

119.<br />

100 NOTES

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