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Fondazione Banco di Sardegna. Authors are also greteful to CINSA (Cagliari) for making available the LAMP laboratories. References STEINMANN M., STILLE P. (1997) Rare earth element behavior and Pb, Sr, Nd isotope systematics in a heavy metal contaminated soil. Appl. Geochem. 12:607–624. ELDERFIELD, H., UPSTILL-GODDARD, R., SHOLKOVITZ, E.R. (1990) Rare earth elements in rivers, estuaries, and coastal seas and their significance to the composition of the ocean waters. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54:971–991. PETRINI R., PENNISI M., ADORNI-BRACCESI A., STENNI B., FLORA O., VOLTAGGIO M. (2009) Isotope-systematics to explore salinization and flushing in coastal aquifers: preliminary data from the Pialassa Baiona ecosystem (Adriatic Sea). Proceedings International Congress on Environmental Quality, Imola 24-25 June 2009, in press. 50
THE GEOPOLITICAL DIMENSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY. WATERS AND CONFLICT IN THE ARAL SEA BASIN LA DIMENSION GÉOPOLITIQUE DE LA QUALITÉ DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT. EAUX ET CONFLIT DANS LE BASSIN DE LA MER D’ARAL LA DIMENSIONE GEOPOLITICA DELLA QUALITÀ AMBIENTALE. ACQUE E CONFLITTO NEL BACINO DEL LAGO D’ARAL Stefano Piastra Department of Economics. Sect. of Geography - University of Bologna E-mail: stefano.piastra@unibo.it Summary In the last decades the Aral Sea, located in Central Asia on the boundary between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, experienced a dramatic shrinking, divulged even in newspapers and magazines. Such an ecological catastrophe, renamed the “Aral Sea Crisis”, was triggered by the artificial diversion of the rivers of the basin during the Soviet period, in order to irrigate new cotton fields. Nowadays, notwithstanding the fulfilment of several environmental restoration projects and a wide scientific literature about the process, the general balance about the water body, in particular its Uzbek side, is still critical. This paper, after a synthesis concerning the causes and the consequences of the ecological disaster, analyses the geopolitical implications connected to the deterioration of the environmental quality in the region and to water management in Post-Soviet Central Asia, underlining, in the case of the Aral Sea Basin, the criticities linked to its fast transition from an internal basin to an international one. Finally, Central Asian water-related old programs and future scenarios are discussed. Keywords: Aral Sea Crisis; Transboundary Water Resources Management; Sustainable Development; Environmental Policies. Résumé Dans les dernières décennies, la mer d’Aral, située en Asie centrale à proximité de la frontière entre le Kazakhstan et l’Ouzbékistan, a connu un dessèchement dramatique qui a été divulgué dans la presse. Cette catastrophe environnementale, rebaptisée la “Crise de la mer d’Aral”, est due à la base au détournement artificiel des fleuves du bassin pendant la période soviétique dans le but d’irriguer de nouveaux champs de coton. De nos jours, malgré la réalisation de différents projets de réhabilitation environnemental et d’une riche littérature scientifique à ce sujet, le bilan général concernant la mer d’Aral, et en particulier pour ce qui concerne sa 51
Page 1 and 2: ALMA MATER STUDIORUM UNIVERSITA DI
Page 3 and 4: Preface This third volume of the "Q
Page 5 and 6: Analytic index / Index analytique /
Page 7 and 8: . Marina Gatti, Anna Flora Campanal
Page 9: Sessione/Session I. Air quality Qua
Page 12 and 13: Mots-clés: Caractérisation physic
Page 14 and 15: 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 . 120 100 80
Page 16 and 17: na del materiale particellare atmos
Page 18 and 19: zione degli IPA sui gas direttament
Page 20 and 21: Discussion The Lichen Biodiversity
Page 22 and 23: values, even if quite different fro
Page 24 and 25: CONTI M.E., CECCHETTI G. (2001) Bio
Page 26 and 27: 26
Page 28 and 29: irrigation. Le déplacement de la z
Page 30 and 31: ecorded by the use of a GPS and the
Page 32 and 33: There were observed seasonal variat
Page 34 and 35: The concentrations of copper in the
Page 36 and 37: VAN BENNEKOM A.J., SALOMONS W. (198
Page 38 and 39: d'échanges cationiques à l'interf
Page 40 and 41: Results The oxygen and hydrogen iso
Page 42 and 43: References 42 Figure 3 Distributi
Page 44 and 45: ésultant de la contamination par l
Page 46 and 47: At selected sites, sampling was car
Page 48 and 49: Moreover, this process is clearly r
Page 52 and 53: ive ouzbèke, est encore critique.
Page 54 and 55: cooperative enterprises; Sovkhoz we
Page 56 and 57: Kazakh and Uzbek cotton fields suff
Page 58 and 59: evaluation: if finished, it could p
Page 60 and 61: period such as a reduction of cotto
Page 62 and 63: PIASTRA S. (1992) «(...) no one ha
Page 64 and 65: distribuzione fuori commercio del l
Page 66 and 67: Risultati Alla fine, fu deciso di r
Page 68 and 69: Riferimenti bibliografici ARCHAIMBA
Page 70 and 71: Mots-clés : Rana perezi; asymétri
Page 72 and 73: FA values were higher in rice field
Page 74 and 75: POPE SE, FAHRIG L, MERRIAM NG. (200
Page 76 and 77: significatives, le but étant de co
Page 78 and 79: 78 Figura 3 Esempio di scala di de
Page 80 and 81: . 80 Figura-6 Tabelle statistiche
Page 82 and 83: 3. F. Reno a Casalecchio Tiro a Vol
Page 84 and 85: Conclusioni In linea generale, per
Page 86 and 87: Introduzione Il territorio imolese,
Page 88 and 89: La media-bassa vallata del Santerno
Page 90 and 91: 90 Figura 4 Vista dall’alto del
Page 92 and 93: coltivi, abitazioni e strade. Ridot
Page 94 and 95: mediterranee e semiaride hanno evol
Page 96 and 97: 96
Page 99 and 100: BEHAVIOR OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN T
Page 101 and 102:
végétale du sol et des propriét
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 1 - Role of the soil in the
Page 105 and 106:
for soils, it sums up at a total su
Page 107 and 108:
Lupicka et al., 1997; Krzysko-Lupic
Page 109 and 110:
glyphosate and metabolites in water
Page 111 and 112:
KRUEGER J, PETERSON M, LUNDGREN E (
Page 113 and 114:
WARNEMUENDE EA, PATTERSON JP, SMITH
Page 115 and 116:
SOIL SURVEY AND CLASSIFICATION IN A
Page 117 and 118:
aspects, linked with the destinatio
Page 119 and 120:
The Luigi Perdisa farm, covering an
Page 121 and 122:
Table 1 - (follows) Pro ile GP1 GP2
Page 123 and 124:
C horizons that make up the parent
Page 125 and 126:
The soils of the San Vitale Pinewoo
Page 127 and 128:
ALLOWAY B.J., (1995) The origins of
Page 129 and 130:
POTENTIALLY TOXIC ELEMENTS ALONG SO
Page 131 and 132:
petrolchimico, ma anche soggetta ad
Page 133 and 134:
quents). The extra urban farm ITAS
Page 135 and 136:
soil and the background material wa
Page 137 and 138:
.Comparison between total and pseud
Page 139 and 140:
. . Figure 2a - Comparison of total
Page 141 and 142:
total concentrations for (Ba, Cr, C
Page 143 and 144:
Sr ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE FOR STUDYING T
Page 145 and 146:
tively. A level of turf occurs at d
Page 147 and 148:
Acknowledgment. Research co-finance
Page 149 and 150:
PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON THE DISTRIBU
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mente un inquinamento di origine an
Page 153 and 154:
profiles vary with respect to textu
Page 155 and 156:
of PIN-3, being located to the nort
Page 157 and 158:
plants. Besides metal chemical spec
Page 159 and 160:
References ADRIANO D.C. (2001) Trac
Page 161 and 162:
SOIL QUALITY ASPECTS IN THE REMEDIA
Page 163 and 164:
elevata funzionalità anche i suoli
Page 165 and 166:
Questa applicazione delle tecnologi
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TREND OF METAL AND METALLOID CONCEN
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(Pleistocene), caratterizzata da se
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L4 L3 PUNTI ETTARI DENSITA oss./ha
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elevati riscontrati nello stesso pu
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.SOIL AND LAND QUALITIES INFLUENCE
Page 177 and 178:
Problematiche di conservazione dei
Page 179 and 180:
colte sono state determinate utiliz
Page 181 and 182:
e i vari fattori in gioco nel cambi
Page 183 and 184:
CONTROL AND ANALYSIS ACTIVITIES ON
Page 185 and 186:
totali) e dei limiti superiori per
Page 187 and 188:
Bibliografia DECRETO LEGISLATIVO 3
Page 189 and 190:
SOIL MICROARTHROPOD CONTRIBUTION TO
Page 191 and 192:
zione fornita dall'ambiente ipogeo
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miorecettori. Queste strutture, che
Page 195 and 196:
di comunità, la struttura di comun
Page 197 and 198:
- non devono migrare su lunghe dist
Page 199 and 200:
TRACE ELEMENTS IN FRUIT AND VEGETAB
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with trace metal may be due to irri
Page 203 and 204:
chronic hazards. In addition the da
Page 205 and 206:
SOIL DEPLETION DUE TO URBANISATION
Page 207 and 208:
207
Page 209 and 210:
Table 1 - Soil types present in the
Page 211 and 212:
Soil delineations Surface in hectar
Page 213 and 214:
Approximately 3.5% of the soil surf
Page 215 and 216:
MINERAL HORIZONS, ELECTROMAGNETIC F
Page 217 and 218:
slope movements, the flows of the m
Page 219 and 220:
Materials and methods The research
Page 221 and 222:
are under higher pressure, the valu
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