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Psiquiatria - Faculdade de Medicina - UFMG

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A esquizofrenia <strong>de</strong> início tardio e a iniciada na segunda ou<br />

terceira décadas <strong>de</strong> vida se assemelham, sobretudo em relação ao<br />

curso crônico da doença. Por outro lado, alguns estudos apontam<br />

várias diferenças.5,7,8 A esquizofrenia <strong>de</strong> início tardio afeta principalmente<br />

mulheres com traços <strong>de</strong> personalida<strong>de</strong> pré-mórbida<br />

esquizói<strong>de</strong> ou paranói<strong>de</strong>, com déficits auditivo ou visual, características<br />

consi<strong>de</strong>radas fatores <strong>de</strong> risco para o <strong>de</strong>senvolvimento<br />

do transtorno. A prevalência <strong>de</strong> esquizofrenia nas famílias <strong>de</strong>sses<br />

pacientes é menor que naquelas <strong>de</strong> pacientes com esquizofrenia<br />

<strong>de</strong> início precoce. Os sintomas paranói<strong>de</strong>s, principalmente <strong>de</strong>lírio<br />

persecutório, prepon<strong>de</strong>ram na esquizofrenia <strong>de</strong> início tardio,<br />

sendo os sintomas negativos menos graves que na <strong>de</strong> início precoce.<br />

Ainda, pacientes com esquizofrenia tardia ten<strong>de</strong>m a respon<strong>de</strong>r<br />

a doses menores <strong>de</strong> antipsicóticos. O caso relatado contém aspectos<br />

característicos da esquizofrenia <strong>de</strong> início tardio: paciente<br />

do sexo feminino acometida em ida<strong>de</strong> avançada, com déficit auditivo<br />

e traços pré-mórbidos <strong>de</strong> personalida<strong>de</strong> esquizói<strong>de</strong>, apresentando<br />

quadro <strong>de</strong>lirante persecutório responsivo a baixa dose<br />

<strong>de</strong> antipsicótico.<br />

Essas diferenças levantam a questão se a “esquizofrenia <strong>de</strong><br />

início tardio” seria uma apresentação retardada da esquizofrenia<br />

ou uma entida<strong>de</strong> distinta <strong>de</strong>sta. Os atuais sistemas <strong>de</strong> classificação<br />

em psiquiatria CID-109 e DSM-IV10 não estabelecem limites<br />

etários para o diagnóstico da esquizofrenia, nem especificam a<br />

subcategoria “início tardio”.<br />

Não sendo a esquizofrenia <strong>de</strong> início tardio consi<strong>de</strong>rada entida<strong>de</strong><br />

distinta, quais os fatores protegeriam esses indivíduos até a<br />

manifestação da doença? Qual o motivo do maior comprometimento<br />

<strong>de</strong> mulheres? A resposta a essas e a outras questões <strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>m,<br />

em parte, da melhor compreensão da fisiopatologia da esquizofrenia,<br />

tornando bastante controverso o assunto.11<br />

Summary<br />

The authors present a case of psychosis in a 61-year-old woman without<br />

cognitive impairment. The patient was taken to a psychiatric<br />

hospital because of aggressive behavior against her neighbours. She<br />

was <strong>de</strong>fined by her caregivers as a shy and systematic person. She<br />

never had close relationships or boyfriends. Although her symptoms<br />

appeared at the age of 49 after her mother <strong>de</strong>ath, she had never<br />

been treated. After leaving her job, she started eating poorly and<br />

became isolated avoiding contacts with other people. Four years<br />

later, she <strong>de</strong>veloped evi<strong>de</strong>nt persecutory <strong>de</strong>lusions and auditory hallucinations.<br />

For 10 years she remained in this situation until she was<br />

taken to the hospital. During the hospitalization she was medicated<br />

with haloperidol 2.5 mg per day and her psychotic and aggressive<br />

behavior improved. The authors discuss the current classification of<br />

late onset psychosis.<br />

Key-words: Late-onset Schizophrenia, Late Paraphrenia, Late<br />

Psychosis<br />

Referências Bibliográficas<br />

1. Rossler AR, Rossler W, Forstl H et al. Late-onset schizophrenia<br />

and late paraphrenia. Schizophr Bull 1995; 21(3): 346-54.<br />

2. Christenson R, Blazer D. Epi<strong>de</strong>miology of persecutory i<strong>de</strong>ation<br />

in an el<strong>de</strong>rly population in the community. Am J<br />

Psychiatry 1984; 141:1088-91.<br />

3. Targum SD, Abbott JL. Psychoses in the el<strong>de</strong>rly: a spectrum<br />

of disor<strong>de</strong>rs. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60(suppl 8): 4-10.<br />

4. McClure FS, Glasjo JA, Jeste DV. Late onset psychosis: clinical,<br />

research, and ethical consi<strong>de</strong>rations. Am J Psychiatry<br />

1999; 156(6):935-40.<br />

5. Crespo-Facorro B, Piven MLS, Schultz SK. Psychosis in late<br />

life: how does it fit into current diagnostic criteria? Am J<br />

Psychiatry 1999; 156(4):624-9.<br />

6. Howard R, Rabins P. Late paraphrenia revisited. Br J<br />

Psychiatry 1997; 171: 406-8.<br />

7. Pearlson GD, Kreger L, Rabins PV. A chart review study of<br />

late-onset and early-onset schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry<br />

1989; 146(12):1568-74.<br />

8. Jeste DV, Harris MJ, Krull A. Am J Psychiatry 1995;<br />

152(5):722-30.<br />

9. World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of<br />

Mental and Behavioral Disor<strong>de</strong>rs. Geneve: World Health<br />

Organization, 1992.<br />

10. American Psychiatry Association. Diagnostic and Statistical<br />

Manual of Mental Disor<strong>de</strong>rs 4 ed. (DSM-IV). Washigton,<br />

DC: American Psychiatry Association, 1994.<br />

11. Davidson M, Powchik P. Commentary to “Late onset schizophrenia<br />

and late paraphrenia”. Schizophr Bull 1995;<br />

21(3):355-6.<br />

Casos Clin Psiquiat 1999; 1(1):21-23 23

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