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2 nd International Non-Wood Products Symposium 8-10 September 2011 - Isparta/TURKEY Şekil 4. Kozalak türlerimizde bulunan proanthocyanidin miktarları Şekil 5. Kozalak Türlerinin Antioksidan Aktivite Miktarları 4.SONUÇ VE ÖNERİLER Yapılan çalışmada karaçam ve sarıçam kozalaklarından elde edilen doğal fenolik ekstraktların antioksidan aktiviteleri tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre karaçam ve sarıçam kozalaklarından elde edilen fenolik ekstraktların antiradikal etkisinden elde edilen değerlerine göre antioksidan aktivite sıralaması Karaçam kozalakları > Sarıçam kozalakları olarak bulunmuştur. Bu durum karaçam kozalaklarında yer alan fenolik bileşiklerin radikal yakalama stabilitesinin diğer kozalak türlerinden farklı olmasını her iki ekstrakta da fenolik bileşiklerin farklılığına bağlı olarak antioksidan aktivitenin etkilendiğini göstermektedir. DPPH serbest radikaline kozalaklar arasında en iyi tutunan karaçam kozalaklarının fenol ekstraktının gene de sentetik bir antioksidan olan BHT’ye oranla bir hayli düşük olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Yalnız doğal antioksidanların sentetik yoldan elde edilen antioksidanlara göre daha etkili olduğuna dikkat edilmeli ve sentetik antioksidanların yerine daha güçlü olan doğal antioksidanların araştırılmasına devam edilmelidir. Böylece ilerleyen zaman içerisinde doğal antioksidanların eldesi artacak ve ilaç sanayisinde katma değer sağlanabilecektir. KAYNAKLAR Chen, J.H. ve Ho, C-T., 1997. Antioksidant Activities of Caffeic Acid and Related Hydroxycinnamic Acid Compounds. J. Agric. Food Chem., 45 (7): s. 2374- 2378 El-Nehir, S. ve Karakaya, S., 2003. Bazı Bitkisel Gıdaların Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Saptanması. 3. Gıda Mühendisliği Kongresi, TMMOB Gıda Mühendisliği Odası 2-4 Ekim, Ankara: s. 32-35. Karadag, R., 2003. “Chemical Analysis”, vol. 48 No: 6 931-937. Keçeli, T., 2000. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Olive Oil Phenolics, in Food Science and Technology. The University of Reading: Reading. 312 s. Lindsey, K. L., Motsei, M. L., ve Jager, A.K., 2002. Screening of South African Food Plants for Antioxidant Activity. Journal of Food Science, 67(6): s. 2129-2131. Muthoo, M.K., 1997. Forests and Forestry in Turkey. FAO, Ankara. Ryan, D. ve Robards, K., 1998. Phenolic Compounds in Olives. Analyst, 123(5): s. 31R-41R. Salim, A.W.S., 1992. Use of scavenging oxygen derived free radicals to protect rat against aspirin and ethanol-induced erosive gastritis. J. Pharmaceutical Sci., 81: s. 9. Tanaka, N., Wada, H., Fuchino, H., Inoue, T., Yasuda, D., Kanda, S., Kiyokawa, C., Ashida, N., Suzuki, T., Yamazaki, K., ve Hakamatsuka, T., 1998. Constituents of bamboos and bamboo grasses. Yakugaku Zasshi, 118: s. 332-337 Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., Jianming W., 1999. Food Chemistry, 64: 555-559 95
2 nd International Non-Wood Forest Products Symposium 8-10 September 2011 - Isparta/TURKEY Seeds of Biebersteinia orphanidis Boiss. (Geraniaceae): Total Phenolics and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Extract and Oil Composition Gülcan Özkan 1* , Hüseyin Fakir 2 , Fatma Köylüoğlu 3 1,3 Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Food Engineering, 32260, Isparta-TURKEY 2 Süleyman Demirel University, Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, 32260, Isparta-Turkey Abstract: In this study, it was aimed to determine seed oil composition including fatty acids and tocopherols, total phenolics and radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of defatted seed from B. Orphanidis. The oil yields of dried seeds (w/dw) obtained by soxhlet were 20.01% and the seed oil composition of B. orphanidis was analysed by GC–MS. Five compounds were identified, representing 99.88 % of the oil. The main constituents of the oils were: Linoleic acid (56.25%), oleic acids (n:9, 26.89% and n:7, 0.98%), palmitic acid (12.62%) and stearic acid (2.34%), (5.82), respectively. Tocopherols was analysed by HPLC and α-tocopherol (954.10 ppm) was the most abundant tocopherol in the oil. Although were found as 6.80 ppm and 0.60 ppm in the oil extracts with low concentrations, -tocopherol (17.75 ppm) was detected higher them. In addition, the phenolic yield (w/dw) extracted from defatted seed with methanol by soxhlet was found as 2.55%. Total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant properties by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pycril-hydrasil radical) method of methanolic extract were determined. Total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity (IC 50 ) of the extract were also determined as 65.60 mg GAE/g extract and IC 50 = 4.83 mg/ml. As a conclusion, it was found that the seeds and defatted seeds of B. orphanidis had the highest oil yield and antioxidant properties, respectively. The seeds can be used to produce pharmaceutical grade seed oil for their omega 6 (linoleic acid) and omega 9 (oleic acid). And extract of defatted seed also can be also used as natural antioxidant agent in food. Keywords: Biebersteinia orphanidis; Oil composition, Fatty acids, Tocopherols, Total phenolics, Radical scavenging activity 1.INTRODUCTION Biebersteina orphanidis (Geraniaceae) serves as a distinct phytogeographical link between the floras of Greece and Anatolia. The species a plant of Montana limestone is extremely rare in Europe and is restricted to a few sites in central southern Turkey and Greece in the mountains of northern Peloponnesus in the world. The genus Biebersteinia is represented by 2 species in Turkey (Davis et al, 1996). Biebersteinia orphanidis is used as medicinal, aromatic and coffee plant and its seeds are known as “Coban Kahvesi and Kahvecik” in different regions of Turkey (Fakir et al., 2011). In the folk medicine, it is used as herbal tea and coffee against jaundice, liver and kidney diseases and especially children stomach pain (Anonymous, 2010). B. orphanidis which is growing place in openings of Cedrus libani and Abies cilicica forest at 1700-1900 m perennial plant has 20-70 cm height (Davis et al, 1996). Their stems, leaves and calyx in fruits are 30-70 cm, laciniae shortly oblong-lanceolate and not hardened, respectively. Flowers condensed into a spike-like panicle and petals are pink and much shorter than the calyx. The aim of this work was to determine seed oil composition including fatty acids and tocopherols
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