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2 nd International Non-Wood Products Symposium 8-10 September 2011 - Isparta/TURKEY producing dissolving pulp from jute (Corchorus capsularis). Wood Science and Technology 43, 213-224. Jahan, M.S. Sabina, R.., Tasmin, B., Chowdhury, D. A. N., Noori, A., and Al-Maruf, A. 2009. Effect of harvesting age on the chemical and morphological properties of dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) and its pulpability and bleachability. BioRes. 4(2), 471-481. Jahan, M.S., Chowdhury, D.A.N. Ni, Y. 2010. Effect of Different Locations on the Morphological, Chemical, Pulping and papermaking Properties of Trema orientalis (Nalita). Bioresource Technology 101, 1892–1898. Liu, S.J. 2008. A kinetic model on autocatalytic reactions in woody biomass hydrolysis. J. Biobased Materials and Bioerengy 2, 135-47. Leschinnsky, M. Sixta, H. Patt, R. 2009. Detailed mass balances of the autohydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus at 170 o C. BioRes. 4(2), 687-703. Ragauskas, A.J. Nagy, M. Kim, D., Ho, E. Hallett, J.P. Liotta, C.L. 2006. From wood to fuels: integrating biofuels and pulp production. Ind. Biotechnol. 2:55– 65. Sarma, T. C. Ali, F. Bardoloi, D. N. Chaliha, B. P. Baruah, J. N. 1990. Dhaincha - a non-wood fibrous plant for pulp and paper. Indian Forester 116 (4) 296-302. Saeed, A. Jahan, M.S. Li, H. Liu, Z. Ni, Y. vanHeiningen, A. 2010. Mass balances of components dissolved in the pre-hydrolysis liquor of kraft-based dissolving pulp production process from Canadian hardwoods. Biomass and Bioenergy. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.08.039 Sjöström, E., 1981. Wood Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications. Academic Press, New York, 169– 189. Tunc, M.S., van Heiningen, A.R.P. 2008. Hydrothermal Dissolution of Mixed Southern Hardwoods. Holzforschung 62(5): 539-545. Testova L., Vilonen K, Pynnönen H, Tenkanen M, and Sixta H. 2009. Isolation of hemicelluloses from birch wood: distribution of wood components and preliminary trial in dehydration of hemicelluloses. Lenzinger Berichte 87, 58-65. VanHeiningen A.R.P. 2006. Converting a Kraft Pulp Mill into an Integrated Forest Biorefinery. Pulp and Paper Canada, 107 (6) 38-43. Wang, H. Ni, Y. Jahan, M.S., Liu, Z and Schafer, T. 2011. Stability of cross-linked acetic acid lignincontaining polyurethane. J. Thermal and Colorometry 103, 293-302. Wafa Al-Dajani, W., Tschirner, U., Jensen, T. 2009. Pre-extraction of hemicelluloses and subsequent Kraft pulping. Part II. Acid and autohydrolysis. Tappi J. 8, 30–37. Werpy T. et al., 2004. Top Value Added Chemicals From Biomass, Volume 1—Results of Screening for Potential Candidates from Sugars and Synthesis Gas (U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, August available at www.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/35523.pdf Yoon, S.H. MacEwan, K. van Heiningen, A. 2008. Hotwater pre-extraction from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) in an integrated forest products biorefinery, Tappi J. 7, 27-31. Yoon, S.H. Tunc, M.S.Van Heiningen, A. 2011. Nearneutral pre-extraction of hemicelluloses and subsequent kraft pulping of southern mixed hardwoods, Tappi J. 10, 7-15. Zhang L N and Huang J. 2001. Effects of nitrolignin on mechanical properties of polyurethane –nitrolignin films. Journal of applied polymer science, 80, 1213- 1219. Table 1. Chemical composition of pre-hydrolysis liquor of dhaincha. Prehydrolysis condition Acid-water Water Alkaline-1 Alkaline-3 Yield (%) 82.5 82.1 81.3 80.2 pH 2.0 3.5 4.6 6.8 Solid content in PHL (% on dhaincha) 14.4 14.6 15.5 17.8 Lignin (% on dhaincha) 1.93 2.61 1.64 1.63 Acetic acid (%) 1.49 1.32 1.56 1.71 169
2 nd International Non-Wood Products Symposium 8-10 September 2011 - Isparta/TURKEY Table 2. Effect of pre-hydrolysis conditions on the pulping of dhaincha Prehydrolysis condition Acid-water Water Alkaline-1 Alkaline-3 Alkali charge (% on od raw materials) 18 18 18 18 Time at 170 o C (min) 120 120 120 120 Total pulp yield (%) 43.6 43.9 46.2 46.5 Kappa number 20.4 18.8 13.4 11.2 Cellulose in pulp (%) 91.0 89.8 91.2 91.6 Table 3. Effect of pre-hydrolysis conditions on the bleaching of dhaincha pulp Prehydrolysis condition Brightness (%) Viscosity mPa*s α-cellulose (%) Acid-water Water Alkaline-1 Alkaline-3 89.1 89.2 89.2 89.5 15.7 16.8 17.2 17.8 96.3 93.7 95.8 96.2 Fig. 1. Chemical analyses of dhaincha 170
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