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2 nd International Non-Wood Forest Products Symposium 8-10 September 2011 - Isparta/TURKEY The Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Distrubiton of Rize Flora Hüseyin BAYKAL 1 , Gülsüm YALDIZ 2 , Turan YÜKSEK 3 1,2 Rize University, Pazar Vocational School, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Rize, Turkey, huseyinbaykal53@hotmail.com 3 Rize University, Pazar Vocational School, Department of Landscape and Ornamental Plants, Pazar-Rize/Turkey Abstract: Turkey has a spectacular georaphy with its natural passageway between Asia and Europe, altitude between the sea level-over 5500 m and four seas called Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, Marmara Sea and Black Sea. It is under the influence of Mediterranean, continental, oceanic climates and it is at the junction of Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian, and Euro-Siberian phytogeographic regions. Because of the properties mentioned above Turkey has a rich and diverse flora well over 11.000 taxa recorded in the 11 volume set of the Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Rize is interesting with its altitude between sea level-over 3700 m, oceanic climate and Euxine floristic province. It has a rich flora with 1430 taxa. Eventhough it has a rich flora, the researches on medicinal and aromatic plants are insufficient. The main aim of this study, is to detemine the numbers and reservoirs of the medicinal and aromatic plants of Rize flora. The medicinal and aromatic plants that are grown in Rize were determined according to the current literatures and field surveys during the vegatation periods. In the conclusion we determined that 250 of 1430 taxa are medicinal and aromatic plants. The main reservoirs are at high altitudes of Camlıhemşin-Ardesen-İkizdere. The richest medicinal and aromatic plant reservoir is Camlıhemşin with its 145 of 250 taxa, İkizdere follows Camlıhemşin with 71 medicinal and aromatic plant and with 57 taxa Ardeşen is the third richest medicinal and aromatic plant resevoir of Rize flora. Of course there are some medicinal and aromatic plant in other parts of Rize but they are not as rich as these three reserviors. Keywords: Rize, Flora, Medicinal and aromatic plants, Reservoirs Rize Florasının Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitki Dağılışı Özet: Türkiye, Asya ile Avrupa arasında doğal bir geçiş alanı olması, deniz seviyesi ile 5500 metre üzerindeki yükseltisi, Akdeniz, Ege Denizi, Marmara Denizi ve Karadeniz ile harikulade bir coğrafyaya sahiptir. Akdeniz, karasal ve okyanussal iklimlerin etkisi altındadır ve Akdeniz, İran- Turan, Avrupa-Sibirya fitocoğrafik alanlarının kesişimdedir. Yukarıda belirtilen özelliklerden dolayı Türkiye, 11 ciltlik “Türkiye ve Doğu Ege adalarının Florası” adlı eserde kayıt altına alınmış 11.000’in üzerindeki takson sayısı ile zengin ve çeşitlilik arz eden bir floraya sahiptir. Rize deniz seviyesi-3700m üzeri yükselti farkı, okyanussal iklimi, Öksin floristik bölgesi ile ilgi çekicidir. 1430 takson ile zengin bir floraya sahiptir. Zengin bir floraya sahip olmasına karşın tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler üzerine yapılan çalışmalar yetersizdir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Rize florası tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerinin sayı ve havzalarının tespitidir. Rize’de yetişen tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler, mevcut literatürler ve vejetasyon dönemlerinde gerçekleştirilen arazi çalışmaları ile tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak 1430 taksondan 250’sinin tıbbi ve aromatik bitki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Temel havzalar Çamlıhemşin-Ardeşen-İkizdere’nin yüksek alanlarıdır. Rize florasının en zengin tıbbi ve aromatik bitki havzası 250 taksonun 145’ine sahip olan Çamlıhemşindir, İkizdere 71 tıbbi ve aromatik bitki ile Çamlıhemşin’i takip eder, 57 taksonla ise Ardeşen üçüncü en zengin tıbbi ve aromatik bitki havzasıdır. Anahtar kelimeler: Flora, Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler, Rize, Rezervuarlar
2 nd International Non-Wood Products Symposium 8-10 September 2011 - Isparta/TURKEY 1. INTRODUCTION The modern pharmacology based on the experiances of the past civilizations with the improvment in science and technology. The natural plant sources are stil being used as they were used in the past. The medicinal source of the nature will continue to serve, if humankind will not destroy them( Iskender et al., 2006). Turkey with its 11.000 taxa recorded in the 11 volume set of the Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands has a ver rich plant diversty. This is because of its different toptography, climates and phytogeographic regions (Davis 1965-1998). There are 2239 plant taxa, 440 of them are rare for Turkey, at East Blacksea region. The endemism ratio is %23 with 514 taxa. 428 of these endemics are rare and 300 of them are very rare for Turkey. Rize is one of the richest city about plant diversty at East blacksea region. In a study at Rize supported by TUBITAK 1430 taxa, 15 of them are new record for flora of Turkey and 4 of them are new record for flora of the world, were determined.In addition to this 110 taxa are deteremined as endemics (Güner et al, 1987). This florastical diversity of Rize is much more rich than the European countries, including England. Athough Rize is richabout medicinal and aromatic plant diversity, unfortunately this rich potential can not be used sufficiently. There are a lot of plant taxa in Rize that can be used in medicinal science, pharmacology, chemistry, cosmetics, and industry as antioxidant, antimicrobiotics, drink,tea,food, spice, etc. ( Birinci, 2008) . According to the literature sources there are 3504 endemic (30%), and 1096 non- endemic (9%) rare species in flora of Turkey. Endemic species were belonging to70 families and rare species were belonging to 87 families. 2742 endemic plant species were known from Europe. Endemic species spread widely in Europe compared to Turkey because of its environmental and climate conditions. It is very important to determine and list the plant species that have to be protected in Turkey. First of all, it needs to be known for sure that investigated plants are rare plant. For this reason, all those plants should be studied in detail, regarding to distribution, ecology, plant physiology, plant propagation, pollination, seed structure and quality, physiology of germination, root system, vegetative organs and following developmental periods of plants (Plotnikova, 1984; Iskenderov,1990). Rize has a natural beauty with its topography, vegatations and climate. This special field has a lot of economical tree, bush and herb, becauese of this reasons it must be paid more attentiom for protection. Eventhough Rize has a rich flora, the researches on the numbers and resoviors of medicinal and aromatic plants are insufficient. The aim of this study is to determine the numbers of the medicinal and aromatic plants and the reserviors of them in Rize. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rize is at Norteast Anatolia;It is stiuated at east of East Blacksea coast stripe between 40 0 22’ - 41 0 28 east latitudes and 40 0 20’- 41 0 21’ north longitudes. It is surrounded by Trabzon in the west, by Artvin in the east, by Erzurum in the South and by Blacksea in the North. Without lakes it is 3920km 2 . The climate of Rize is rainy in every season; summers are cool,while ,winters are temperate. For the last 50 years meteorologial datas annual temperature average is 14 C 0 January is the coldest month with the annual temperature average 6,7 C 0 ; July is the warmest month with the annual temperature 22.3 C 0 . Rize is the most rainy city of the Turkey, total rainfall per year is over 2300mm. The vegetation is dense and abundant (Anonymous,2011). The materials of this study consisted of Phanoragame and Chryptogame, were collected during the field investigations between 2008-2010 in Rize and current literature. The collected plants were dried as herbarium materials. “Flora of Turkey and East Eagean Islands”(Davis P.H.,1965-1998) and other flora books of negihbouring contries were used for the identification of the collected plants. Datas for each material follows as family name, species name, used part, usage form and locality description. Most materials of this study are kept at Rize University and some of them which could not be collected during the field surveys but found out from the current literatures are kept at Haccettepe Universty Herbarium. 3. RESULTS As a result it is found that 225 plants are medicinal and aromatic plant in Rize. These plants are listed in Table 1. 284
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