Difaaca Xuquuqda Aadanaha - East and Horn of Africa Human ...
Difaaca Xuquuqda Aadanaha - East and Horn of Africa Human ...
Difaaca Xuquuqda Aadanaha - East and Horn of Africa Human ...
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aahida loo qabo in muddo markii la joogaba la<br />
qiimeeyo khatarta, gaar ahaan haddii ey jiraan<br />
isbaddallo ku yimid duruufaha shaqada, khatarada<br />
ama u nuglaanshaha. Tusaale ahaan, khatartu si<br />
aad ah ayey u badataa marka dadka hubeysan<br />
ey dareemaan in lagu wareegsan yahay; u<br />
nuglaanshaha ayaa badata marka shaqaale cusub uu<br />
shaqo billaabo ayadoon la siin tababbar habboon.<br />
Tallaabooyinka amniga oo ey ka mid yihiin kamera<br />
fidiyowga (video camera) ama gaari hubeysan ayaa<br />
yareyn kara khatarta ayagoo wanaajinaya arrimaha<br />
keena u nuglaanshaha, laakin tallaabooyinkaas kama<br />
hortagaan isha ugu weyn oo khatartu ka timaado,<br />
taasoo ka soo baxda hanjaabdyada iyo rabitaanka in<br />
fuliyo, haddii falalka ka dhanka ah difaacayaasha aan<br />
lala xisaabtameyn. Sababahaan awgood, ayaa loogu<br />
baahan yahay in wax kasta oo loo qaadayo ilaalin<br />
darteed ey u noqdaan kuwa lala beegsado yareynta<br />
hanjabaadyada, oo ey wehliyaan yareynta arrimaha<br />
keena u nuglaanshaha.<br />
Qorsheynta shaqada iyo amniga<br />
Marka shaqada la qorsheynayo ayaa waxaa loo<br />
baahanyahay in lagu daro mid kasta oo ka mid<br />
ah heerarka la falaanqeeyay maareynta amniga.<br />
Waxuu amnigu buuxiyaa meel gaar ah marka la<br />
falaanqeynayo duruufaha jira iyo marka la dajinayo<br />
danaha iyo ujeeddooyinka shaqada, iyo sidoo kale<br />
marka shaqada la qorsheynayo, dabaggal lagu<br />
sameynayo iyo marka la qiimeynayo natiijooyinka.<br />
Dokumentiyada tilmaamaya amniga ayaa ka<br />
buuxinaya meel gaar ah (marka la joogo heerka<br />
qorsheynta) hannaanka guud ahaantiis, halkaas oo<br />
ey ku noqdaan dokumenti nool oo ka hela faallo iyo<br />
talo heerarka dabaggalka iyo qiimeynta.<br />
La-tacaalidda caqabadaha amniga:<br />
maareynta amniga oo ah hannaan<br />
kobcaya<br />
Maareynta amnigu marna ma noqoto mid<br />
dhammeystiran, mar walbana waa qabyo iyo<br />
kala doorasho. Waa jira xudduud wiiqda habka 8 ;<br />
xudduudda garashada (suurtogal ma ahan in<br />
dhammaan arrimaha saameeya amniga hal meel<br />
la isugu keeno, isku marna la wada tixgaliyo)<br />
iyo xudduudda hannaanka dhexdiisa ka jirta<br />
(muhimadda waqtiga la siinayo iyo sidey isugu<br />
xigayaan oo lagama maarmaanka u ah wacyigalinta,<br />
dhisidda isafgarasho loo dhanyahay, tababbaridda<br />
dadka, xaqiijinta sidii loo heli lahaa waxsoosaarka<br />
shaqaalaha ee la rabay, dhaqangalinta howlaha,<br />
iwm.) Maareynta amniga ayey ku adagtahay in<br />
8 Quinn, James B.: “Strategic change: logical incrementalism”.<br />
Sloan Management Review Summer 1989 (pp. 45-60)<br />
la isku dayo sameynta aragti waqti dheer leh oo<br />
dhammeystiran: waxtarkeedu waxuu ku xiranyahay<br />
kartida ey u leedahay sidii looga hortagi lahaa<br />
shilalka iyo in ey tilmaanto baahida loo qabo in<br />
ururku noqdo mid dhammeystiran isla markaasna<br />
leh xiriirin si uu ula tacaalo shilalkaas. Waxaa laga<br />
yaabaa in eysan tani aheyn wax weyn, waxaase<br />
kaloo loo baahanyahay inaan tixgalino in kheyraadka<br />
amniga loo qondeeyo uu badanaaba yaryahay,<br />
sidaas darteedna suurtogal ma aha inaan noqonno<br />
kuwa dhammaystir leh. Xaqiiqada ayaan laga fursan<br />
karin marka laga hadlayo maareynta amniga.<br />
Sidaan horay u soo xusnay, marka la eegayo<br />
dhaqanka amniga ee urur samafal, waxaa suurtogal<br />
ah inaad hesho qaar ka mid ah dokumenti<br />
tilmaamaya ama qorsheyaal amni ama tallaabooyin<br />
ama dabeecado soo noqnoqday oo lagu dhaqmayo.<br />
Waxaa meesha ka jira arrimo badan, sida ayadoo<br />
wax laga sheego dhaqanka amniga iyo in laga<br />
cagajiido kordhinta culeyska shaqada haddiiba lagu<br />
daro howlo cusub oo amni la xiriira. Sugidda amniga<br />
ayaa badanaaba kala dhantaalan, xuubsiibata, kuna<br />
xiran garashada q<strong>of</strong>ka. Marka la eego maareynta<br />
amniga waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in muddo<br />
markii la joogaba tallaabo la qaado, ayadoo la<br />
sameynayo isbaddallo yaryar oo lagu wanaajinayo<br />
sida uu u shaqeynayo. Xeeladaha iyo hababka<br />
amniga ayaa u muuqda in ey yihiin kuwo ka soo<br />
ifbaxaya “nidaam-hoosaadyo xeeladeysan”, oo mid<br />
walba oo ka mid ah uu daboolayo shaqada qeybteed<br />
(sida taakuleynta, shaqaalaha goobta oo si gaar ah<br />
uga walaacsan amnigooda, maareeyaha xaruun<br />
uu cadaadis ka heysto walaac uu deeq-bixiyehu ka<br />
qabo amniga, iwm). Kororsimada qunyar-socodka<br />
ah 9 ee maareynta amniga ayaa albaabada u fureysa<br />
habab aan rasmi aheyn ayadoo tixgalin siineysa<br />
shaqaalaha isbaddal doonka ah. Ka qeybgalka<br />
dhacadooyinka (sida shilalka amniga) ayaa keenaya<br />
in la qaato go’aanno deg-deg ah oo ku-meel-gaar ah<br />
oo muuqaal u yeela dhaqanka amniga oo haddii si<br />
habboon loo maareeyo ka mid noqonaya isafgarad<br />
ballaaran oo lagu howlgalo kana dhexeeya xubnaha<br />
kooxaha goobta iyo kuwa maareynta.<br />
Fikrado muhim ah oo ku saabsan<br />
amniga iyo ilaalinta difaacayaasha<br />
xuquuqda aadanaha<br />
<strong>Difaaca</strong>yaasha xuquuqda aadanaha<br />
ayaa ah dad caadi ah oo u illaa iyo heer u<br />
bareera khatarta<br />
9 Waxaa jira cilmi-baarisyo badan oo lagu sameeyay kororsiimada<br />
qunyarscodka ah iyo qorshe xeeladeysan. Abbaraha<br />
dukumentigaan lagu muujiyay ayaa xiganaya qaar ay ka<br />
mid yihiin shaqooyinka C.E. Lindblom iyo James B. Quinn.<br />
<strong>Difaaca</strong> <strong>Xuquuqda</strong> <strong>Aadanaha</strong>: Buug Xambaarsan Macluumaad loogu Talogalay <strong>Difaaca</strong>yaasha <strong>Xuquuqda</strong> <strong>Aadanaha</strong> | Caddadka 2aad<br />
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