Køn, Kunst & Pornografi – Om livet på grænsen - Aarhus Universitet

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5. English Summary In the thesis Gender, Art & Pornography – On Life on the Edge. An Analysis of Selected Aspects of the Work of the American Photographer Robert Mapplethorpe I analyse some of the different aspects present in the photographs of Robert Mapplethorpe. The photographs are often seen as controversial because they include pictures of sexual activities. The thesis deals with the relation between art and pornography and the different aspects related to the work. The thesis is composed of three major chapters. The first chapter is about Mapplethorpes position in the photographic tradition within the diciplines of the formalistic straight photography and the later staged photography. In comparison with selected photographers of the two traditions I want to show the similar aspects present in the work of Mapplethorpe. The chapter include a presentation of the work of Edward Weston, Man Ray, Cindy Sherman and Joel-Peter Witkin. Photographs of Nan Goldin are also presentet in this chapter. Furthermore the work links to the classic tradition and the work of filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl. Her work are among other things known for their focus on the human body as an aesthetic object. In this relation I use the theory presentet by the American cultural critic Kobena Mercer, whose intersectionaly readings of Mapplethorpes work are useful in comparison of the photographs of Riefenstahl and Mapplethorpe. Mercer focus on the difficulties connected with the reading of Mapplethorpes photographs caused by the different genres that are possible to relate to the photographs. In the second chapter I analyse a selection of Mapplethorpes selfportraits, pictures of the female bodybuilder Lisa Lyon and the musician and close friend Patti Smith in relation to the queer theory presentet by the American theorist Judith Butler. In the pictures are elements that challenge the traditional notions of sex, gender and sexuality. The final chapter is about the close connection of the photographs to pornography. Concepts within the pornographic photograph presented by the Danish art historian Rune Gade are central. The photographs are also seen as related to a tradition within the homoerotic photograph presentet by photographers as Wilhelm von Gloeden and Fred Holland Day. Mapplethorpes photographs of the homosexual sado-masochistic leatherscene of New York in the late 1970s are central in this chapter. To place the pictures within the tradition of art history I compare the photographs with the work of Andy Warhol and Jeff Koons. I relate the pictures to the concept of the French theorist Roland Barthes of the erotic and the pornographic picture and that of the British art historian Kenneth Clarks about the naked and the nude. In the end of the chapter focus is on the current interest of the pictures. I compare the pictures of children with a similar picture of Nan Goldin which recently made a debate. Finally I conclude on my research that the pictures are still relevant and of current interest today. 70
6. Litteraturliste Andersen, Charlotte, Modefotografi, en genres anatomi, Museum Tusculanums Forlag, København, 2006. Barthes, Roland, Det lyse kammer. Bemærkninger om fotografiet, overs. Karen Nicolajsen, Rævens Sorte Bibliotek, København (1980), 1996. Blessing, Jennifer (ed.): Rrose is a Rrose is a Rrose. Gender Performance in Photography, Guggenheim Museum Publication, New York, 1997. Bordo, Susan, Mandekroppen, Samlerens Bogklub, Viborg (1999), 2000. Butler, Judith, Gender Trouble. Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, Routledge, New York (1990), 1999. Chatwin, Bruce, ”An eye and some body” in: Robert Mapplethorpe, Lady, Lisa Lyon, The Viking Press, New York, 1983. Christiansen, Connie Carøe (red.) ”Intersektionalitet”, in: Kvinder, Køn & Forskning, 15.Årg., nr. 2-3, København, 2006. Christie’s, The Robert Mapplethorpe Collection, sold for the benefit of The Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation, Inc. Christie’s, New York, Tuesdag, October 31, 1989. Clark, Kenneth, The Nude – A Study in Ideal Form, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, (1956), 1990. Danto, Arthur C, Playing with the Edge – The Photographic Achievement of Robert Mapplethorpe, University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 1996. Dunne, Dominick, ”Robert Mapplethorpe’s Proud Finale”, In: Vanity Fair, Februar, 1989. Ellenzweig, Allen, The homoerotic photography – male images from Durieu/Delacroix to Mapplethorpe, Columbia University Press, New York, 1992. Foster, Thomas A, ”Introduction. Long Before Stonewall”, In. Thomas A. Foster (ed.) Long Before Stonewall. Histories of Same-Sex Sexuality in Early America, New York University Press, New York, 2007. Foucault, Michel, Viljen til viden. Seksualitetens Historie, Bibliotek Rhodos, København, 1978. Fritscher, Jack, Mapplethorpe – Assault with a deadly camera, Hastings House Book Publisher (New York), 1994. Fritz, Björn: ”Skitse til den homoseksuelle krops historie”, In: Rune Gade (red.) Maskuliniteter. Køn og kunst, Informations Forlag, 2001. 71
Page 1 and 2:
§ 41 Kandidatspeciale Vejleder: La
Page 3 and 4:
1. Indledning......................
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den amerikanske teoretiker Judith B
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Mapplethorpe starter på The Pratt
Page 9 and 10:
nationale fondsmidler NEA (National
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1.2. Den klassiske inspiration i Ma
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idealiserede fysiologi hos den græ
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On the one hand, my angry emphasis
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dette tabte motiv, som hun i sine b
Page 19 and 20: 1.3. Mapplethorpes fotografier mell
Page 21 and 22: kroppens linier, og billedet trækk
Page 23 and 24: Billedet spiller på de stereotyper
Page 25 and 26: kunstfotografiet. Billederne indtag
Page 27 and 28: Mapplethorpes billeder er trods der
Page 29 and 30: Butler benytter Foucault som inspir
Page 31 and 32: seksualitet. I billederne optræder
Page 33 and 34: afklædt mand, der er iscenesat for
Page 35 and 36: Billedet Self-portrait, 1973 (ill.2
Page 37 and 38: til det sminkede ansigt enhver rela
Page 39 and 40: kunstnerisk perspektiv værdier og
Page 41 and 42: I billederne af Lyon ses en leg med
Page 43 and 44: fotograferedes forsvar. Teksten er
Page 45 and 46: som historisk referenceramme og som
Page 47 and 48: ligeberettigelse for homoseksuelle.
Page 49 and 50: fotografier i relation til værker
Page 51 and 52: som type. Mapplethorpe og Warhols v
Page 53 and 54: der har tegnet henover dem, så de
Page 55 and 56: ”Most of the people in S&M were p
Page 57 and 58: tage noget af udsynet fra det centr
Page 59 and 60: mellem to former for nøgenhed, der
Page 61 and 62: 3.6. Jeff Koons og brugen af den po
Page 63 and 64: iscenesættelser via deres værker
Page 65 and 66: produktion. Billedet af den 3-årig
Page 67 and 68: gengivelserne af de seksuelt eksper
Page 69: 4. Konklusion Jeg har i specialet u
Page 73 and 74: Raun, Tina, Identitetskonstituering
Page 75 and 76: ill.2 Robert Mapplethorpe: Phillip
Page 77 and 78: ill.8 Edward Weston: Nude, 1925 ill
Page 79 and 80: ill.16 Joel-Peter Witkin: Leda, Los
Page 81 and 82: ill.23 Robert Mapplethorpe: Self-po
Page 83 and 84: Ill.31 Robert Mapplethorpe: Lisa Ly
Page 85 and 86: ill.38 Andy Warhol: Sex Parts, 1978
Page 87 and 88: ill.43 Robert Mapplethorpe: Jim and
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Køn, Kunst & Pornografi – Om livet på grænsen - Aarhus Universitet

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