150 A <strong>Semi</strong>-<strong>Implicit</strong>, <strong>Three</strong>-<strong>Dimensional</strong> <strong>Model</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Estuarine</strong> Circulation Hess, K.W., 1985, Assessment model <strong>for</strong> estuarine circulation and salinity: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Technical Memorandum NESDIS AISC 3, 39 p. Hess, K.W., 1994, Tampa Bay oceanography project—Development and application of the numerical circulation model: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Technical Report NOS OES 005, 90 p. Hill, M.C., 1990, Solving groundwater flow problems by conjugate-gradient methods and the strongly implicit procedure: American Geophysical Union, Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 9, p. 1961−1969. Hinze, J.O., 1975, Turbulence (2nd ed.): New York, McGraw-Hill, 790 p. Hoffmann, K.A., 1989, Grid Generation, Chapter 8 in Computational fluid dynamics <strong>for</strong> engineers: Austin, Tex., Engineering Education System, p. 243−305. Huang, J.C.K., and Sloss, P.W., 1981, Simulation and verification of Lake Ontario’s mean state: American Meteorological Society, Journal of Physical Oceanography, v. 11, p. 1548−1566. Huang, Wenrui, and Spaulding, M.L., 1995, 3D <strong>Model</strong> of estuarine circulation and water quality induced by surface discharges: American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 121, no. 4, p. 300−311. Janjic, Z.I., 1977, Pressure gradient <strong>for</strong>ce and advection scheme used <strong>for</strong> <strong>for</strong>ecasting with steep and small scale topography: Contributions to Atmospheric Physics, v. 50, p. 186−199. Jelesnianski, C.P., 1970, Bottom stress time history in linearized equations of motion <strong>for</strong> storm surges: American Meteorological Society, Monthly Weather Review, v. 98, p.462−478. Jin, X.-Y., 1993, Quasi-three-dimensional numerical modeling of flow and dispersion in shallow water: Delft University of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Communication on Hydraulic and Geotechnical Engineering, Report 93-3, 174 p. Johnson, B.H., 1982, Numerical modeling of estuarine hydrodynamics on a boundary fitted coordinate system, in Thompson, J.F., ed., Numerical grid generation— proceedings of a symposium on the numerical generation of curvilinear coordinate systems and their use in the numerical solution of partial differential equations: New York, Elsevier, p. 409−436. Johnson, B.H., Heath, R.E., Hsieh, B.B., Kim, K.W., and Butler, H.L., 1991, User’s guide <strong>for</strong> a three-dimensional numerical hydrodynamic, salinity, and temperature model of Chesapeake Bay: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Technical report no. HL-91-20, 41 p. plus appendixes. Johnson, B.H., Kim, K.W., Heath, R.E., Hsieh, B.B., and Butler, H.L., 1993, Validation of three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Chesapeake Bay: American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 119, no. 1, p. 2−20. Johnson, B.H., Kim, K.W., Sheng, Y.P., and Heath, R.E., 1989, Development of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Chesapeake Bay, in Spaulding, M.L., ed., Proceedings of the <strong>Estuarine</strong> and Coastal <strong>Model</strong>ing Conference: American Society of Civil Engineers, Newport, R.I., November 15−17, 1989, p. 162−171. Kawahara, M., Kobayashi, M., and Nakata, K., 1982, A three-dimensional multiple level finite element method considering variable water density, in Gallagher, R.H., Norrie, D.H., Oden, J.T., and Zienkiewicz, O.C., eds., Finite elements in fluids: Chichester, Wiley, v. 4, p. 129−156. Keulegan, G.H., 1938, Laws of turbulent flow in open channels: National Bureau of Standards, Journal of Research, v. 121, no. 6, p. 707−741. Killworth, P.D., Stain<strong>for</strong>th, David, Webb, D.J., and Paterson, S.M., 1991, The development of a free-surface Bryan-Cox-Semtner ocean model: American Meteorological Society, Journal of Physical Oceanography, v. 21, no. 9, p. 1333−1348.
7. References 151 Kincaid, D.R., Oppe, T.C., and Joubert, W.D., 1989, An introduction to the NSPCG software package: International Journal <strong>for</strong> Numerical Methods in Engineering, v. 27, no. 3, p. 589−608. King, I.P., 1985, Strategies <strong>for</strong> finite element modeling of three dimensional hydrodynamic systems: Advances in Water Resources, v. 8, p. 69−76. Kinnmark, I.P.E., 1986, The shallow water wave equations—<strong>for</strong>mulation, analysis and application, in Brebbia, C.A., and Orszag, S.A., eds. Lecture notes in engineering: Berlin, Germany, Springer, 187 p. Knudsen, M.H.C., 1901, Hydrographische Tabellen [Hydrographic tables]: Copenhagen, G.E.C. Gad, 63 p. Koutitas, Christopher, and O’Connor, Brian, 1982, Finite element fractional steps solution of the 3-D coastal circulation model: Advances in Water Resources, v. 5, p. 167−170. Krauss, W., and Wubber, C., 1982, A semi-spectral model on the B-plane: Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift [German Hydrographic Newspaper], v. 35, p. 187−201. Kuiper, L.K., 1981, A comparison of the incomplete Cholesky-conjugate gradient method with the strongly implicit method as applied to the solution of two-dimensional groundwater flow equations: American Geophysical Union, Water Resources Research, v. 17, no. 4, p. 1082−1086. Kuiper, L.K., 1987, A comparison of iterative methods as applied to the solution of the nonlinear three-dimensional groundwater flow equation: Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Journal of Scientific and Statistical Computing, v. 8, no. 4, p. 521−528. Kwizak, Michael, and Robert, A.J., 1971, A semi-implicit scheme <strong>for</strong> grid point atmospheric models of the primitive equations: American Meteorological Society, Monthly Weather Review, v. 99, no. 1, p. 32−36. Laevastu, Taivo, 1975, Multilayer hydrodynamical-numerical models, in Proceedings of the Symposium on <strong>Model</strong>ing Techniques—Volume II: American Society of Civil Engineers, San Francisco, Calif., September 3−5, 1975, p. 1010−1025. Lancaster, Peter and Tismenetsky, Miron, 1985, The theory of matrices—with applications (2nd ed.): Orlando, Fla., Academic Press, 570 p. Lardner, R.W., and Smoczynski, P., 1990, A vertical/horizontal splitting algorithm <strong>for</strong> three-dimensional tidal and storm surge computations: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, v. 430, no. 1879, p. 263−283. Lardner, R.W., and Song, Y., 1992, A comparison of spatial grids <strong>for</strong> numerical modelling of flows in near-coastal seas: International Journal <strong>for</strong> Numerical Methods in Fluids, v. 14, no. 1, p. 109−124. Launder, B.E., and Spalding, D.B., 1972, Mathematical models of turbulence: New York, Academic Press, 169 p. Leendertse, J.J., 1967, Aspects of a computational model <strong>for</strong> long-period water-wave propagation: Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., Memorandum RM-5294-PR, 165 p. Leendertse, J.J., 1987, Aspects of SIMSYS2D—A system <strong>for</strong> two-dimensional flow computation: Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., Report R-3572-<strong>USGS</strong>, Prepared <strong>for</strong> the U.S. Geological Survey, 80 p. Leendertse, J.J., 1989, A new approach to three-dimensional free-surface flow modeling: Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., Memorandum R-3712-NETH/RC, Prepared <strong>for</strong> The Netherlands Rijkswaterstaat, 51 p. Leendertse, J.J., Alexander, R.C., and Liu, S.K., 1973, A three-dimensional model <strong>for</strong> estuaries and coastal seas—Volume I, principles of computation: Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., Report R-1417-OWRR, 57 p.
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