CHEMTRAILS%20-%20CONFIRMED%20-%202010%20by%20William%20Thomas

Chapter 4.
CONTRAILS OR CHEMTRAILS?
Somewhere on Earth, every second of every day and night, commercial airliners commences their takeoff
runs. With the runway speeding past and four huge jet engines howling at take-off thrust, a 747 gulps
one gallon of fuel every second during take-off and initial climb-out. Just five minutes into an eight-hour
flight, the jumbo jetliner will have burned the day’s oxygen production of a 44,000-acre rainforest.
Creatures of another ocean, jets prefer to cruise in the cold, airless reaches of the stratosphere 11
kilometers above the Earth. Pollutants linger here. By the time a New York-departed 747 descends into
Ireland, some 239,000 pounds of “Jet A” will have been spewed out its exhaust pipes as soot,
greenhouse gases and ozone-destroying chemicals. It may even form contrails.
Like breath exhaled on a cold winter day, contrails form in the frigid upper atmosphere when hot, moist
engine exhaust momentarily condenses stratospheric ice crystals into thin wispy trails.
“Water in its liquid state is a normal component of jet exhaust and when the airplane is high enough (the
higher you go the colder it gets) it is cold enough to flash freeze that water. The water goes from liquid
to ice. The ice ‘sparkles’ when sunlight hits it and we see a ‘white’ contrail,” an atmospheric expert
named Jeremy wrote me.
But high in the stratosphere, air pressure is so low these ice crystals “subduct” – switching directly to
vapor before reverting to a liquid state. This scientist suggested: “A simple layman’s observation
technique would be to hold up a ‘fist’ at arm’s length. A normal contrail disappears behind your
outstretched fist as the ice ‘subducts’ to an invisible vapor. Generally, anything that persists longer is not
a normal contrail.”