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een my baby brother. My sister and I lived together after this. She got the plague in 1944 and died. There were many plagues at this time, but there never had been before. For a long time, I didn’t come to register as a survivor. It was too hard. Whenever I thought about what happened to me, I cried. It was only in the 1990s, when we saw the denials, the falsifi cations of what happened during the war coming out of Japan, that I decided to speak. I saw this on the news and I was so angry that I started to write out a statement of everything that had happened to me. My son wrote out a copy and brought it to the museum and since then I have been registered as a survivor here. 99
Unit 4—Handout 15 Survivor Testimony of Chang Chu Yeh, Survivor of the Nanking Massacre (Presented at the Nanking Massacre 70th Anniversary Commemorative Event at Brookdale Community College in Lincroft, New Jersey – 12/18/2007) My name is Chu-Yeh Chang, and I was born in one of the old capitals of China, Nanking. I personally lived through the cruelty and persecution of the Japanese military during the Nanking Massacre and would like to share that with you today. I am 84 years old. Seventy years ago on December 12 th , 1937, when I was 14, 50,000 of the Japanese military invaded and occupied Nanking, thus beginning this terrible and unthinkable massacre. According to the trial that took place between August 1946 and February 1947 by the Far East International Tribunal Court, formed by the United Nations’ War Crimes Investigation Committee, the estimated number of Chinese murdered by Japanese military during the six-week-long Nanking massacre was between 340,000 and 400,000. I belonged to a family of eight, with four younger siblings (two brothers and two sisters), a greatgrandmother of 80 years old, and my parents. My father worked as an accountant for the Jiang-Ning county government. Knowing that Japanese military was bombing the residential area in Nanking, we were very scared, so we locked our doors, left our house behind, and crossed the Yangtze River to the countryside to escape the Japanese occupation. Our relatives in the countryside, in the midst of moving inland themselves, could not accommodate us, so we ended up staying in this little town Wu-Yi along the Jin-Pu railroad line, hoping to catch the train to move westward, as the Chinese Nationalist troops had also moved westward. There were so many people escaping to the west that there weren’t any train tickets available for us to purchase, except for very expensive tickets which we couldn’t afford. Soon afterward, this escape route was also closed, as the Japanese military wasted no time to occupy the towns along the railroad. There was also a Japanese military engineering troop, stationed in Wu-Yi, waiting for orders to repair roads and bridges, so that the Japanese troops could go inland to chase after the Chinese Nationalist troops. This Japanese troop drafted my father and me to help them move equipment and machinery. One day the offi cer of this troop happened to see me, and communicated with me by writing down the Chinese characters on paper. He asked how old I was and whether I went to school. I told him that I was 14 and in 8 th grade. He was pleased with my answer and took out a picture from his wallet and told me, “This is my 14-year old son, and he is about your height also.” He then took me to eat and shared his food with me. He told my father that he would like to teach me some Japanese everyday using the English alphabet as phonetic symbols. He also taught me some Japanese songs, which I still remember how to sing. But I never knew the meanings of the lyrics until almost 60 years later in 1996 when I was invited to give a talk on the Nanking Massacre at Okinawa University in Okinawa. During that talk, I sang that song, and the Okinawans told me that song was about sending soldiers off to war and was an old folk song from Hokkaido part of Japan. On the New Year’ Eve’s of 1937, this offi cer took me to the farmers’ village to catch chickens and dig out scallions for a feast; we also decorated the doors with rice straws, and drank wine to celebrate the New Year. Never did I know that this very night would turn out to be so devastating in my life! That night, fi ve Japanese soldiers charged into our house, forced my father and me out, and then raped my mother, my eightyyear-old great-grandmother, and my eleven-year-old sister. My father sent me to get urgent help from the offi cer. Unfortunately, by the time I woke up the offi cer and hurried him to my house, my great-grandmother had already died and was lying in a pool of blood from this violent abuse and unbearable suffering. When he scolded those soldiers, I couldn’t help lashing out loudly the Japanese curse word I knew of, “bagayalu”, at them as well. One of the soldiers got very mad and punched me to the ground. That hit on my head has caused permanent partial loss of hearing on my left ear. When the offi cer took away those soldiers, he told me that for our safety’s sake, my family should leave as soon as possible. My father and I wrapped my great- 100
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Each of us has cause to think with
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Preface The publication of the seco
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ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS THAT WILL FOCUS
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Unit 1—Handout 1 Our Human Rights
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I was little and had short straight
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Questions for Discussion 1. Did you
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How comfortable would you feel with
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Bob: Those black guys in the high s
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dislike for good and suffi cient re
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Unit 1—Handout 7 Prejudice by Ire
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Riots, like most problems, have man
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Unit Two Atrocity, Massacre, Genoci
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thoughtful defi nition(s) they choo
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ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS THAT WILL FOCUS
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Unit 2—Handout 1 31
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Genocide has taken place throughout
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Holocaust and Genocide - Is There a
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Unit 2—Handout 5 The Defi nition
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Unit 2—Handout 6―1 LABELING POT
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Unit 2—Handout 6―3 Alternative
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Unit 2—Handout 8 VIOLENCE HATE PR
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DVDs American Justice. “War Crime
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Questions for Discussion 1. What is
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"Regarding the issue of biological
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Japanese, Chinese, perhaps victims
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DVDs History—Unit 731: Nightmare
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ESSENTIALS QUESTION THAT WILL FOCUS
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Unit 7—Handout 1 Survivor Testimo
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Unit 7—Handout 5 Questions for Di
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Sides, Hampton. Ghost Soldiers: The
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION THAT WILL FOCUS
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Unit 8—Handout 1 Defi nitions Def
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Unit 8—Handout 3 Universe of Obli
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This demilitarized zone for Chinese
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Unit 8—Handout 6 Members of the I
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Selected Rescuer Profi les A Letter
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George Ashmore Fitch (1883-1979) Ge
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Unit 8—Handout 7 Chinese Rescue W
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Jing Zhe-qiao, Xu Kai-ji (Director,
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Dr. Chang (Doctor, Nanjing Drum Tow
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I’ll close today’s entry with t
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Unit 8—Handout 9-1 John Rabe (188
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anyone who tried to defend themselv
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Unit 8—Handout 9-2 Tsen Shuifang
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gate while the refugees poured in.
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Unit 8—Handout 9-4 Honda Introduc
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Unit 8—Handout 10 Exercise and Qu
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Unit Nine The Tokyo War Crimes Tria
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SUGGESTED SEQUENCE OF LEARNING ACTI
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Unit 9—Handout 2 Making a Differe
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dedicated to religion, art, science
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Non-Applicability of Statutory Limi
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Prosecution Team: This group needs
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Unit 9—Handout 6 International Ag
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A No War Resolution that expressed
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Unit Ten Japanese Denial and Intern
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Denial of the Nanking Massacre •
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Unit 10—Handout 3 Redress and Pea
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Unit 10—Handout 5-1 Japanese Deni
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March. It is amazing to me that the
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Russo-Japanese War, such as the pro
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Why is Redress Important? • Becau
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For the Chinese witnesses at the tr
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Unit 10—Handout 8 Questions for R
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Japan’s “masochistic education
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Yoshida: I didn’t mention this in
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Unit 10—Suggested Bibliography Bu
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1945 The fi rst atomic bomb is drop
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January, 1938 The world learns of t
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Reading Standards 9-12 1. Cite stro
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