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Unit 3—Handout 2-3
Modern Chinese History Outline (1912-1949)
221-206 BCE Qin Dynasty, First Emperor Chin Shi Huangdi, capital—Xian
1644-1911 Qing Dynasty, Last Emperor Pu Yi, capital—Beijing
1912 Republic, Sun Yatsen, “Father of the Republic”
1912-1937 Republic era: Provincial Warlords against Nationalists
(Kuomintang [KMT]), leader Chiang Kaishek, successor to Sun
Yatsen; KMT also fi ghting the Communists (CCP), leader Mao
Zedong, during some of those years
1931 Mukden Incident, Japanese blamed an explosion on railroad on the
Chinese, a trumped up incident
1932 Japanese invasion and occupation of Manchuria (changed to
Manchukuo); Pu Yi, the last Qing emperor, installed as puppet
emperor.
1934-35 Long March from south, gathering support among the peasants, to
NW, Yan’an in Shaanxi Province, guerrilla base. Future elite of CCP on
March: Chairman Mao, Zhou Enlai (Prime Minister), Deng
Xiaoping (3rd First Vice Premier and Chair of CCP). In Yan’an
Mao marries Jiang Qing, Madame Mao, his last wife, one of the
“Gang of Four” during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
1937-1945 Japanese occupation, KMT and CCP coalition against Japanese but
the power struggle continued throughout on a smaller scale
between the KMT and CCP
1937, July Marco Polo Bridge Incident, July 7, south of Beijing. Japanese
attack Chinese troops because of a trumped up incident.
1937, August 813, Shanghai attacked by the Japanese, August 13. Battle of
Shanghai lasts until November 1937.
1937, December Nanking massacre begins, ending in January 1938, with 350,000
dead.
1937-1945 Japanese continue perpetrating atrocities in China, including
biological warfare. China, an ally of the U.S. and Britain is supplied
along the Burma Road, a road linking Burma (Myanmar) to China,
by the British, until 1942 when supplies are fl own by the Allies
over the “hump,” the Himalayas.
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