EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - UNESCO World Heritage

taxoso-mercurialidosum, Fagetum festucosum silvaticae and Piceeto-Fagetum sesleriosum
heuflerianae are rather rare within this cluster.
There are the rare or unique virgin forest communities Quercetum petraeae and Abieto-
Quercetum petraeae-Mercurialidosum perennis. Exactly within foregoing communities the
unusual heat-loving species occur, viz., frutices Cornus mas, Swida sanguinea, and herbs
Ranunculus cassubicus and Symphytum popovii.
The flora of this comparatively small cluster is very rich: it includes ca. 600 species of
the Vascular Plants and ca. 220 species of the Cryptogames (ca. 100 species of mosses, 40
species of lichens, 80 species of algae and 60 species of fungi). Within the foregoing flora
there are 35 rare or endangered species included into the “Red Book of Ukraine” (viz., Taxus
baccata, Campanula carpatica, Cephlanthera rubra, Iris pseudocyperus, etc.)
Biota (animal world)
49 species of mammals, 79 species of birds, 7 reptile species, and 7 amphibian species,
12 fish species and 1 species of Cyclostomata occur here. Besides, several thousands of
invertebrates are distributed here, viz., 1 species of Colembola, 12 species of Nematoda, 7
species of Myriapoda, 109 species of Lepidoptera, and others.
The usual for the Carpathian forests species are widely distributed here, viz., mammals
Cervus elaphus montanus, Sus scrofa attila, Capreolus capreolus, Vulpes vulpes, Meles
meles, Martes marte and others. Ursus arctos often hibernates here, Lynx lynx isn’t a
permanent dweller of this cluster and it appears here from time to time. Besides, Artiodactyla
are very numerous here. Felis silvestris occurs here too, but their animals are few few. There
are several caves and galleries on the territory of the cluster. 8 species of bats dwell here and 4
of them are included into the “Red Book of Ukraine”: Rhinolophus hipposideros, Rh.
Ferrumequinum, Myotis bechsteini and Barbastella barbastellus. Besides, dendrophilous bats
are well represented here.
The bird fauna is very diverse here because of the forest diversity. There is a great
number of birds nesting in hollows of tree-trunks, and all species of woodpeckers usual in the
deciduous biome occur here.
Four bird species nesting here (Aquila chrysaetos, Strix uralensis, Aegolius funereus and
Glaucidium passerinum) are included into the “Red Book of Ukraine”.
Elaphe longissima is included into the “Red Book of IUCN” and its number is rather
large here. Besides, reptiles Lacerta vivipara, L. agilis, Anguis fragilis, and Natrix natrix are
usual here.
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