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68 NOMINATION DOSSIER "ANCIENT BEECH FORESTS OF GERMANY" Fig. 2.14: Schematic development of the annual mean temperature for Central Europe during the Tertiary and Quarternary (from WALTER & STRAKA 1970) The glacial epoch resulted in Arctotertiary fl oristic elements becoming extinct at a globally unprecedented scale. Fig. 2.15: European vegetation by 20,000 before present maximum expansion of the ice during the last glacial period (from BOHN & NEUHÄUSL 2003) 0C 25 20 15 10 5 0 Eocene Oligocene Miocene Pliocene 60 million years 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1.000 km Polar desert, open tundra Steppe-tundra Steppe Isolated tree stands (deciduous and coniferous wood) High Glacial shoreline Present shoreline Glacier Water
During the glacials, the snow line in Scandinavia dropped to the zone of maximum precipitation, giving rise to a vast continental ice sheet of up to 3,000 metres in thickness. With the water bound, sea levels fell by up to 120 metres. Th e Baltic Sea region was covered by huge glaciers but the southern North Sea, and the greatest part of the Adriatic turned into dry land (SCHROE- DER 1998). Th e Alps were also glaciated, leaving only a single ice-free strip in Central Europe between the Nordic continental ice sheet and the Alpine glaciers that were reaching far into the foreland. Consequently, the climate was extreme here, and tundra was spreading. With the inland ice approaching from the north and due to the chill, plant species of the temperate zones became extinct. In Europe, the “retreating” fl ora would, beside the Alps, encounter the Mediterranean, so that it sought out regions of the Mediterranean coast with a favourable climate as refuges. Trees could still grow in some mountain ranges – places which also allowed the beech to survive. Like Europe, North America and parts of north eastern Asia were also ice-covered. Th e tundra had expanded here also. However, while only relatively small refuge areas with limited climates were available in southern Europe for the species to survive, the entire spectrum of species would persevere in North America due to the availability of large-area refuges. In East Asia, the glacial epochs had only a mild impact resulting from the much less extensive continental ice sheet. Th e original arctotertiary fl ora was not forced out of the region and has consequently survived to the present day almost unchanged (WALTER & STRAKA 1970, SCHROEDER 1998). Th e diff erent consequences of the Quarternary climate oscillations on the fl ora, which had still been distributed all over the northern hemisphere during the Tertiary, resulted in largescale disjunction for many species. During the interglacials, the climate would keep fl uctuating from arctic through subarctic to temperate or warm Atlantic and back. In this manner, the climate oscillations forced the plant species to migrate back and forth, with many genuses of the Arctotertiary becoming extinct in the process (fl oristic impoverishment). Th e less pronounced their capacity to expand and mutate, the more threatened were the species. FRENZEL (1967), for instance, describes a forest composed of beeches, hornbeams, tsuga, and elm trees for the Tegelen interglacial (early Quarternary) of northwestern Central Europe. In contrast, the beech was rarely found during the interglacials of the Middle Quaternary. Fagus was almost completely absent during the last interglacial. However, migrations during the climate oscillations also resulted in new species evolving. Only in this way could what little of the Tertiary genuses was left survive the ice age. While most of our forest trees therefore belong to Tertiary genuses, the species did not evolve before the glacial climate change. Postglacial development of Europe With the end of the last ice age, the largearea reforestation of Central and Western Europe set in – the Central European basic succession, which has found a typical expression in Germany. With the climate gradually warming and soil development taking place, the territories were at fi rst colonised by birches and pines. Th eir qualities as anemochoric, rapidly migrating pioneers proved benefi cial (POTT 1992), while the zoochoric oaks and beeches with their heavy fruits were not gaining much ground. It was only in the further course of the 2. DESCRIPTION Extreme climate fl uctuations during the Glacial period prompted the evolution of new plant species in Europe. It is safe to assume that the beech is also a result of this unique process. Nationale Naturlandschaften 69
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State Party: Ukraine Slovak Republi
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Northern slope of Mt. Pip Ivan and
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5 A4 size map of nominated property
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Criteria under which property is no
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necromass, hollow nesting birds dep
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Name and contact information of off
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1.e Maps and plans, showing the bou
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type - beginning since 10-12% in th
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Amphibian are represented here by R
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deciduous tree species in Slovakia,
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taxoso-mercurialidosum, Fagetum fes
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2.a.4 Maramorosh (Ukraine) Abiotic
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ird fauna of the cluster is very pe
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depauperate appearance due to the v
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forests complex contains some 200 y
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2.a.7 Stuzhytsia − Uzhok (Ukraine
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one. Gonepteryx rhamni, Nymphalis a
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Fagetum dentariosum and Fagetum spa
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2.a.9 Uholka-Shyrokyi Luh (Ukraine)
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The beech forests with an admixture
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2.a.10 Vihorlat (Slovak Republic) A
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2.b History and Development: Forest
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Due to it, the buffer zone of the C
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Within the territory of the Uzhansk
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3. Justification of Inscription The
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illustrated by the inventory data o
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Tab. 4: Dynamics of number of Myoti
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close-to-nature forestry on the glo
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nomination by Polish beech primeval
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world natural heritage list within
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3.d Integrity and Authenticity Auth
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and LeGoff (1992) once presented a
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4.a.5 Rožok (Slovak Republic) Sinc
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Government of SR No. 216/1998. Give
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Nominated properties are situated o
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5. Protection and Management of the
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protection of the massifs on the Uk
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territorial development plans and a
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technological innovations with the
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5.j Staffing levels (professional,
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Chemical composition of precipitati
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National Academy of Sciences, Feder
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4 Print Havešová 2002 TU Zvolen n
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Rakhiv, Transcarpathian Region Ukra
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BRANG, P., 2005: Virgin Forests as
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HODOVANETS B.YO Distribution and nu
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LUHOVOI A.E. Birds // Fauna of the
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PIOVESAN, G., DI FILIPPO, A., ALESS
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VOLOŠČUK, I., 1999: National Park
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Transcarpathian Region, Ukraine Tel
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9. Signature on behalf of the State
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inscription onto the UNESCO World H
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Nature protection oriented legal in
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for living and favorable conditions
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During the 2 nd stage that too has
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The following are the main inter-re
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Objective II: Ensuring the most eff
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government compensation, or purchas
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Output IV.2: Biodiversity database,
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− Activity V.1.2**/***: Organize
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Park with a rather vast territory h
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JMC will develop and maintain its o
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− uncompromised application of th
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operation, such as the EU-funded IN
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Annex 2 to IMP Action plan for the
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Annex 3 to IMP INTERREG IIIB CADSES
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pushing the envelope through person
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IV. Promoting risk management and p
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Annex 4 to IMP STARTPAGE HUMAN RESO
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MIMICKING PRIMEVAL FORESTS PATTERNS
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3.2 Project novelty and expected co
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groups (ZVO, GOT) have expertise in
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Two key publications: Commarmot, B.
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field researchers acquire a better
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ENDPAGE HUMAN RESOURCES AND MOBILIT
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EXPLANATIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS WIT
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the presence of numerous woodpecker
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statements, e. g. informing them on
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ERA ENV in the Slovak Republic - Ge
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CONTENTS Pre-proposal No 1: MICKING
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Pre-proposal No 1 MICKING PRIMEVAL
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Pre-proposal No 2 SPATIAL VARIABILI
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NATURE - BASED MANAGEMENT OF BIODIV
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Pre-proposal No 3 NATURE - BASED MA
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Indicator: Differences in growth pe
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Work package 3: Modeling and testin
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Work package 5: Project management
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ENHANCEMENT OF CARBON AND WATER REL
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system management. The data are how
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Pre-proposal No 4 ENHANCEMENT OF CA
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ADAPTATION TO AND MITIGATION OF ADV
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Pre-proposal No 5 ADAPTATION TO AND
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Amphibia and reptilia ; See bottom
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Araneidea - list of species of the
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Leptyphantes pallidus 1 1 Leptyphan
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Xysticus ferrugineus (Menge, 1876)
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Diplocephalus helleri EN Diplocepha
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Philodromus vagulus Phlegra fasciat
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Bird species - 101 species; See bot
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Falco columbarius Linnaeus, 1758 Fa
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Regulus regulus (Linnaeus, 1758) H
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Coleoptera Druh/Species HA VI ST RO
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Carabus coriaceus + + + + Carabus a
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Nebria transsylvanica + + Notiophil
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Triplax russica + + + + Xyleborus d
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Boletus luridus 1 Boletus pinophilu
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Dacrymyces nigricans 1 Dacrymyces s
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Hymenochaete cruenta 1 Hymenochaete
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Lycogala epidendrum 1 1 Lycoperdon
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Phaeolepiota aurea 1 Phaeolepiota l
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Puccinia poarum 1 Pycnoporellus ful
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Trichia affinis de Bary 1 Tricholom
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53. Caloplaca flavovirescens 1 54.
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163. Hypogymnia vittata 1 1 1 164.
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273. Parmelia laevigata 1 1 1 274.
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383. Ropalospora lugubris 1 384. Sa
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Tab. 3. List of mammals - 73 specie
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Conservation HA VI ST RO Status, Re
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List of Mollusca Druh/Species ST KZ
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Zebrina detrita Zonitoides nitidus
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List of mosses SU KZ SV CH MA UH HA
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69. Bryum weigelii 1 LR: nt 70. Bux
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128. Dicranum flagellare 129. Dicra
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176. Frullania fragilifolia 177. Fr
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224. Jamesoniella autumnalis 225. J
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272. Mylia anomala 273. Mylia taylo
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320. Plagiothecium nemorale 1 321.
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368. Rhizomnium punctatum 1 1 1 1 1
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416. Sphagnum subsecundum 417. Spha
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LR:nt - low risk, near threatened L
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Nematoda Druh/Species HA VI ST RO K
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Tab. 7: Species list of Lepidoptera
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Erynnis tages 1 1 1 1 1 Eudia pavon
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Ponthia daplidice 1 1 1 1 1 Protode
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Vascular plants - list of species o
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Althaea officinalis Althaea pallida
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Bartsia alpina 1 Bassia scoparia Be
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Carex acutiformis Carex alba 1 Care
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Cerasus vulgaris Ceratocephala orth
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Cystopteris regia Dactylis glomerat
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Eragrostis pilosa Eremogone micrade
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Galium uliginosum Galium vernum Gal
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Homogyne alpina 1 1 1 Hordelymus eu
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Lactuca muralis Lactuca perennis La
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Luzula pallidula Luzula pilosa 1 1
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Myosotis pratensis Myosotis radican
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Phleum pratense 1 1 Phleum rhaeticu
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Potentilla arenaria ssp. tommasinia
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Rhinantus minor Rhodax rupifragus R
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Scabiosa ochroleuca Scilla bifolia
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Solanum dulcamara 1 Solanum nigrum
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Tilia cordata Tilia platyphyllos 1
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Veronica montana 1 1 1 Veronica off
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Nomination of the “Ancient Beech
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4 NOMINATION DOSSIER "ANCIENT BEECH
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10 NOMINATION DOSSIER "ANCIENT BEEC
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118 NOMINATION DOSSIER "ANCIENT BEE
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Annex to Chapter 1 Nationale Naturl
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1.2 Topographical map of the nomina
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1.4 Topographical map of the nomina
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3.2 Publication Natur & Landschaft
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5.1 Summary minutes of the trilater
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NOMINATION DOSSIER ANNEX 5.1 "ANCIE
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5.6 Communication strategy: beech f
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5.8 List of events to announce the
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5.10 Exhibition flyer containing th
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NOMINATION DOSSIER ANNEX 5.11 "ANCI
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5.12 Leaflet in German and English
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Foreword In May 2008, the city of B
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5.10.2 Hydropower 106 5.10.3 Wind E
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15.1.9 Alpine Convention 287 15.1.1
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6.2.1 Fundamentals for a modern man
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6.2.2 Summary of the current applic
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NOMINATION DOSSIER ANNEX 6.2.2 "ANC
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7.1 Digital photographic documentat
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NOMINATION DOSSIER ANNEX 7.1 „ANC
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NOMINATION DOSSIER ANNEX 7.1 „ANC
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7.2.1 Decree on the designation of
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7.2.2 Decree on the designation of
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7.2.3 Decree on the regulation of h
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7.2.4 Ordinance regulating the desi
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7.2.6 Thuringian Order amending the
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7.2.7 Ordinance of the Kellerwald-E
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7.3.1 Integrated Management System
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7.3.2 Coordinated management for th
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7.3.4 National Park Plan for the M
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7.3.6 National Park Plan for the Ha
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NATIONAL PARK PLAN FOR THE KELLERWA
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Preface NATIONAL PARK PLAN 2008 Nat
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L NATIONAL PARK PLAN 2008 - APPROAC
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13/15, ave. Franklin D. Roosevelt -
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