The Use of Iambic Pentameter in the

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perceptual proximity would be determined by how elements are perceived as being globally grouped depending on the time sensitive task demand. With reference to the first pilot study for example, information that is close in processing proximity and presented in limited exposure durations would be best grouped by perceptual closeness of color. This is because color was perceived to be perceptually proximal at short stimulus durations. Conversely, information that is close in processing proximity and presented in longer exposure durations could be best grouped by color or connectedness. This is because both color and connectedness were perceived to be perceptually proximal at longer stimulus durations. The reported results also fit well within the context of user interface research. When researchers in user interface try to compare Gestalt principles with one another, to determine salience or predominance of particular grouping principles, it may be really that they are comparing global and local interpretations of these principles. For example, Addy (2000) found that in unlimited exposures, participants best grouped by color similarity, followed by common region, then followed by proximity. Addy (2000) had shown that, in certain conditions, some grouping principles could be stronger than others. Perhaps in these experiments, color similarity was perceived as the most global grouping principle, followed by common region and proximity. If so, Addy’s findings could be explained by the reported results. As one can see, the reported results do make a contribution to the field of engineering. However, the reported results are not just interesting within this context. 106
They are interesting within the context of theoretical Gestalt grouping research in vision science as well. Contribution to vision science Researchers in human vision science have been interested in the study of global and local processing of elements in spatial scenes. They have studied the relative contribution of large and small scale shapes to the eventual development of a percept. These researchers have discovered that global scene details are processed more rapidly than local scene details (Navon, 1981; Sanocki, 1993). Recall that Navon (1981) showed that at short stimulus durations, it was easier for participants to identify the global (rather than local) features of a perceptual stimulus when compared to longer stimulus durations. Recall also that, Sanocki (1993) found that global information contributed more to object identification earlier in processing and much less so in later processing. The results of the reported pilot experiments 1 to 3 add to the previous findings by suggesting that the previously discovered time course trend may not be limited to the processing of general global and local scene details. Rather, they suggest that this trend may also extend to the perceptual grouping of global and local scene properties. The results of the pilot studies 1 to 3 also suggest that yet another grouping attribute may be processed along a time course. Here, the attribute is the size scale (global or local) of grouping. This finding fits nicely within the time course literature that has found grouping can change relative to size (Gulick & Stake, 1957), low versus high frequency information (Schyns & Oliva, 1994, Oliva & Schyns, 1997), global versus 107
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Time Course of Perceptual Grouping
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Experiment 1 76 Method 76 Results a
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List of Figures Figure 1. Illustrat
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will look like and how it will comm
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visibility of important interface e
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displays are reported. Global and l
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Electrical activity generated by th
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would not be. It would be easier to
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could be grouped by the principles
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Figure 4. Gestalt principles of gro
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One of the leaders in grouping and
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defined by similar numbers. For exa
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and Saasrinen (2000) observed that
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proximity (Bailey, 1989; Bonney & W
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find the target ‘Picture’ in th
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Humans integrate many types of info
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measures. As a result, the pilot wo
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Figure 10. Pop-up advertisement wit
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soldiers see in these speeded condi
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2001), grouping by proximity and al
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local letters, as illustrated by Fi
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frequency channels at specific rang
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Recent support for the Flexible Usa
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occluded shape as being incomplete
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search for the target in the experi
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Gestalt principle of good continuat
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columns of circles on the opposing
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short stimulus durations can be use
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Figure 15. Results for ambiguous pr
Page 63 and 64: As shown in Figure 16B, for the lig
Page 65 and 66: In review these findings, it become
Page 67 and 68: in user interface display layouts.
Page 69 and 70: were asked to make decisions about
Page 71 and 72: columns of pushbuttons on either si
Page 73 and 74: principles that are depicted more g
Page 75 and 76: no longer perceived. These cases wi
Page 77 and 78: influence what ‘goes together’
Page 79 and 80: participants, randomly with replace
Page 81 and 82: Figure 23. Targets used in reported
Page 83 and 84: participants that were more than th
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Page 89 and 90: see, each of the four distributions
Page 91 and 92: The distribution of data from each
Page 93 and 94: Figure 28. Targets for Experiment 2
Page 95 and 96: Results and discussion Sixteen fema
Page 97 and 98: global grouping was significantly f
Page 99 and 100: Figure 32A depicts a box plot for g
Page 101 and 102: means, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Te
Page 103 and 104: to group by the alternative scale.
Page 105 and 106: Table 4. Characteristics of RT dist
Page 107 and 108: General Discussion Research that ha
Page 109 and 110: Experiments 2A and 2B were designed
Page 111 and 112: the size scale within an existing i
Page 113: “Hotmail” has been reported to
Page 117 and 118: forms of similarity could also be t
Page 119 and 120: the context of vision science resea
Page 121 and 122: Bennett, K. B., Nagy, A. L., and Fl
Page 123 and 124: De Valois, R. L. & De Valois, K. K.
Page 125 and 126: Johnston, W.A., Schwarting, I.S. &
Page 127 and 128: Nass, C., Isbister, K., & Lee, E.J.
Page 129 and 130: Palmer, S. E. & Rock, I. (1994). Re
Page 131 and 132: Sanocki, T.(2001). Interaction of s
Page 133 and 134: Tullis, T. S. (1981). An evaluation
Page 135: About the Author Melissa F. Schulz
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