The Use of Iambic Pentameter in the

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Figure 19. Pilot stimulus 1 and results 61 Figure 20. Pilot stimulus 2 and results 63 Figure 21. Pilot stimulus 3 and results 64 Figure 22. Primes used in reported experiments 67 Figure 23. Targets used in reported experiments 73 Figure 24. Practice stimuli used in reported experiments 73 Figure 25. Experimental and control sequences for Experiment 1 78 Figure 26. Results for Experiment 1 80 Figure 27. Additional analysis for Experiment 1 data 81 Figure 28. Targets for Experiment 85 Figure 29. Experimental sequences for Experiment 2 86 Figure 30. Results for Experiment 2 88 Figure 31. Additional analysis of Experiment 2A data 89 Figure 32. Additional analysis of Experiment 2B data 91 Figure 33. Experimental sequence for Experiment 3 95 Figure 34. Results for Experiment 3 96 Figure 35. Improved database 102 v
Time Course of Perceptual Grouping in User Interface Displays Melissa F. Schulz ABSTRACT Perceptual grouping describes the organization of small elements into larger objects. Research in user interface (UI) design has demonstrated effects of perceptual grouping on attention and navigation. However, grouping can be mediated by a variety of task factors. One such mediator is processing time. Recent discoveries in vision science suggest that elemental grouping can occur in more than one way, depending on how long elements are displayed. These findings have led to a new understanding of perceptual organization of elements in real-world spatial environments. However, these findings had not been explored within the context of UI environments. Time limits to UI are often set by task demands. Exposure time limits may affect perceptual grouping of elements in UI. Here I report a series of experiments that tested global and local pushbutton grouping by time in user interface displays. The research question was to determine whether global or local depictions of pushbutton groupings speed interaction with user interface. Global and local groupings were compared because prior researchers have discovered that global scene properties can be perceived before local scene properties. For this reason, it was hypothesized that global, as opposed to local, depictions of pushbutton groupings would speed human-interface interactions. Global grouping was defined as grouping by vi
Page 1 and 2: Time Course of Perceptual Grouping
Page 3 and 4: Experiment 1 76 Method 76 Results a
Page 5: List of Figures Figure 1. Illustrat
Page 9 and 10: Time Course of Perceptual Grouping
Page 11 and 12: will look like and how it will comm
Page 13 and 14: visibility of important interface e
Page 15 and 16: displays are reported. Global and l
Page 17 and 18: Electrical activity generated by th
Page 19 and 20: would not be. It would be easier to
Page 21 and 22: could be grouped by the principles
Page 23 and 24: Figure 4. Gestalt principles of gro
Page 25 and 26: One of the leaders in grouping and
Page 27 and 28: defined by similar numbers. For exa
Page 29 and 30: and Saasrinen (2000) observed that
Page 31 and 32: proximity (Bailey, 1989; Bonney & W
Page 33 and 34: find the target ‘Picture’ in th
Page 35 and 36: Humans integrate many types of info
Page 37 and 38: measures. As a result, the pilot wo
Page 39 and 40: Figure 10. Pop-up advertisement wit
Page 41 and 42: soldiers see in these speeded condi
Page 43 and 44: 2001), grouping by proximity and al
Page 45 and 46: local letters, as illustrated by Fi
Page 47 and 48: frequency channels at specific rang
Page 49 and 50: Recent support for the Flexible Usa
Page 51 and 52: occluded shape as being incomplete
Page 53 and 54: search for the target in the experi
Page 55 and 56: Gestalt principle of good continuat
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columns of circles on the opposing
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short stimulus durations can be use
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Figure 15. Results for ambiguous pr
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As shown in Figure 16B, for the lig
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In review these findings, it become
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in user interface display layouts.
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were asked to make decisions about
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columns of pushbuttons on either si
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principles that are depicted more g
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no longer perceived. These cases wi
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influence what ‘goes together’
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participants, randomly with replace
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Figure 23. Targets used in reported
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participants that were more than th
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that was presented in the pilot exp
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from three participants because one
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see, each of the four distributions
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The distribution of data from each
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Figure 28. Targets for Experiment 2
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Results and discussion Sixteen fema
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global grouping was significantly f
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Figure 32A depicts a box plot for g
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means, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Te
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to group by the alternative scale.
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Table 4. Characteristics of RT dist
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General Discussion Research that ha
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Experiments 2A and 2B were designed
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the size scale within an existing i
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“Hotmail” has been reported to
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They are interesting within the con
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forms of similarity could also be t
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the context of vision science resea
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Bennett, K. B., Nagy, A. L., and Fl
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De Valois, R. L. & De Valois, K. K.
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Johnston, W.A., Schwarting, I.S. &
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Nass, C., Isbister, K., & Lee, E.J.
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Palmer, S. E. & Rock, I. (1994). Re
Page 131 and 132:
Sanocki, T.(2001). Interaction of s
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Tullis, T. S. (1981). An evaluation
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About the Author Melissa F. Schulz
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