The Use of Iambic Pentameter in the

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elatively large shapes whereas local grouping was defined as grouping by shapes that were relatively small. The difference between global and local grouping was quantitative and defined by comparison. Participants saw pushbutton interface displays on a computer monitor for varied exposure durations and were asked to make decisions about the grouping of pushbuttons in these displays. Responses and reaction times were recorded. The results of the reported experiments suggest that global, as compared to local, groupings are more accessible across stimulus durations. They also suggest that global groupings can be utilized faster than local groupings in unlimited exposures. Taken together, the reported results further our understanding of global and local Gestalt grouping in user interface displays. vii
Time Course of Perceptual Grouping In User Interface Displays In Donald Norman’s “The Design of Everyday Things,” a coffeepot by Jacques Carelman illustrates the notion that some designs simply work better than others. At first glance, we may think that Carelman’s coffeepot looks normal; it has a body, a handle, a lid and a spout. But at second glance, we realize that the coffeepot has a great design flaw. Namely, the spout and the handle are on the same side. This coffeepot is a simple demonstration that even in instances in which an object has very few parts, the design and organization of these parts can make a dramatic difference on how useful the object can be. Our world is filled with countless examples of how an object’s usefulness can be determined by the organization of its design. Modern computers are no exception. Computers with well-organized functions are easier to interact with and easier to use. But how can we define the optimal organization for modern computer functions? The answer to this question is not entirely clear. As a society, we have witnessed a rapid progress in computerized technology that has yielded a multitude of newfound capabilities. However, the realization of this progress has permitted us little time to think about how to best organize these capabilities, hastily compromising the usability of these machines. 1
Page 1 and 2: Time Course of Perceptual Grouping
Page 3 and 4: Experiment 1 76 Method 76 Results a
Page 5 and 6: List of Figures Figure 1. Illustrat
Page 7: Time Course of Perceptual Grouping
Page 11 and 12: will look like and how it will comm
Page 13 and 14: visibility of important interface e
Page 15 and 16: displays are reported. Global and l
Page 17 and 18: Electrical activity generated by th
Page 19 and 20: would not be. It would be easier to
Page 21 and 22: could be grouped by the principles
Page 23 and 24: Figure 4. Gestalt principles of gro
Page 25 and 26: One of the leaders in grouping and
Page 27 and 28: defined by similar numbers. For exa
Page 29 and 30: and Saasrinen (2000) observed that
Page 31 and 32: proximity (Bailey, 1989; Bonney & W
Page 33 and 34: find the target ‘Picture’ in th
Page 35 and 36: Humans integrate many types of info
Page 37 and 38: measures. As a result, the pilot wo
Page 39 and 40: Figure 10. Pop-up advertisement wit
Page 41 and 42: soldiers see in these speeded condi
Page 43 and 44: 2001), grouping by proximity and al
Page 45 and 46: local letters, as illustrated by Fi
Page 47 and 48: frequency channels at specific rang
Page 49 and 50: Recent support for the Flexible Usa
Page 51 and 52: occluded shape as being incomplete
Page 53 and 54: search for the target in the experi
Page 55 and 56: Gestalt principle of good continuat
Page 57 and 58: columns of circles on the opposing
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short stimulus durations can be use
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Figure 15. Results for ambiguous pr
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As shown in Figure 16B, for the lig
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In review these findings, it become
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in user interface display layouts.
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were asked to make decisions about
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columns of pushbuttons on either si
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principles that are depicted more g
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no longer perceived. These cases wi
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influence what ‘goes together’
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participants, randomly with replace
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Figure 23. Targets used in reported
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participants that were more than th
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that was presented in the pilot exp
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from three participants because one
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see, each of the four distributions
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The distribution of data from each
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Figure 28. Targets for Experiment 2
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Results and discussion Sixteen fema
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global grouping was significantly f
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Figure 32A depicts a box plot for g
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means, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Te
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to group by the alternative scale.
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Table 4. Characteristics of RT dist
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General Discussion Research that ha
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Experiments 2A and 2B were designed
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the size scale within an existing i
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“Hotmail” has been reported to
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They are interesting within the con
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forms of similarity could also be t
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the context of vision science resea
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Bennett, K. B., Nagy, A. L., and Fl
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De Valois, R. L. & De Valois, K. K.
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Johnston, W.A., Schwarting, I.S. &
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Nass, C., Isbister, K., & Lee, E.J.
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Palmer, S. E. & Rock, I. (1994). Re
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Sanocki, T.(2001). Interaction of s
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Tullis, T. S. (1981). An evaluation
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About the Author Melissa F. Schulz
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