The Use of Iambic Pentameter in the

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Consider the case of an Internet surfer who is presented with a pop-up advertisement, like the one depicted in Figure 10. The advertisement lists four qualitative descriptions about a gym, and each is presented in the form of underlined textual links. In addition to these links, the advertisement presents a vital fifth piece of information, the ‘Join Today’ link. This link will guide users to a location where they can register as new members of the advertised gym. The ‘Join Today’ link may be the most important piece of information in the display and the one that should be presented the most clearly for the user. To accomplish this, the designer organized this advertisement so that the ‘Join Today’ link is grouped against the less relevant background information by the Gestalt principle of closure, within the frame of a push button. If the user should use closure to group the information in this advertisement, it is likely that she will identify the “Join Today” link right away. It should be noted, however, there are other possible grouping alternatives within this advertisement. While the “Join Today” link groups well by closure within the frame of the push button, it also groups by similarity with the underlined textual links that surround it. If the user were to group the “Join Today” link by textual similarity, there would be many more pieces of information to sort though before she could locate the essential ‘Join Today’ link. In our unlimited exposure to this example of an advertisement, it is easy to perceive both grouping interpretations mentioned. But which interpretation, if any, would be perceived in limited exposure conditions? And how does this interpretation affect the likelihood that the user will identify and click on the ‘Join Today’ link? 30
Figure 10. Pop-up advertisement with ambiguous grouping Note. The ‘Join Today!’ link groups by the principle of closure within the pushbutton in the center of the screen. However, this link also groups by the principle of similarity with the underlined textual links that surround it. From the pop-up advertisement example, it becomes clear that unwanted information sorting can limit exposure time to user interfaces. What is not clear is how the information in these interfaces is perceived and grouped within these time limits. The pop-up advertisement example demonstrates a situation in which the user is viewing the information within an interface for the first time. But what if users have prior experience with the information on a display? In these cases, are concerns about time limitations relevant? Repetition of familiar tasks. When users observe an interface that they have seen previously and are traveling back through it, they may not require as much time as those who are using the interface for the first time. It is likely that experienced users travel through familiar interfaces as quickly as their memory will allow them. Do these types of users perceive the same elemental grouping as first time users? 31
Page 1 and 2: Time Course of Perceptual Grouping
Page 3 and 4: Experiment 1 76 Method 76 Results a
Page 5 and 6: List of Figures Figure 1. Illustrat
Page 11 and 12: will look like and how it will comm
Page 13 and 14: visibility of important interface e
Page 15 and 16: displays are reported. Global and l
Page 17 and 18: Electrical activity generated by th
Page 19 and 20: would not be. It would be easier to
Page 21 and 22: could be grouped by the principles
Page 23 and 24: Figure 4. Gestalt principles of gro
Page 25 and 26: One of the leaders in grouping and
Page 27 and 28: defined by similar numbers. For exa
Page 29 and 30: and Saasrinen (2000) observed that
Page 31 and 32: proximity (Bailey, 1989; Bonney & W
Page 33 and 34: find the target ‘Picture’ in th
Page 35 and 36: Humans integrate many types of info
Page 37: measures. As a result, the pilot wo
Page 41 and 42: soldiers see in these speeded condi
Page 43 and 44: 2001), grouping by proximity and al
Page 45 and 46: local letters, as illustrated by Fi
Page 47 and 48: frequency channels at specific rang
Page 49 and 50: Recent support for the Flexible Usa
Page 51 and 52: occluded shape as being incomplete
Page 53 and 54: search for the target in the experi
Page 55 and 56: Gestalt principle of good continuat
Page 57 and 58: columns of circles on the opposing
Page 59 and 60: short stimulus durations can be use
Page 61 and 62: Figure 15. Results for ambiguous pr
Page 63 and 64: As shown in Figure 16B, for the lig
Page 65 and 66: In review these findings, it become
Page 67 and 68: in user interface display layouts.
Page 69 and 70: were asked to make decisions about
Page 71 and 72: columns of pushbuttons on either si
Page 73 and 74: principles that are depicted more g
Page 75 and 76: no longer perceived. These cases wi
Page 77 and 78: influence what ‘goes together’
Page 79 and 80: participants, randomly with replace
Page 81 and 82: Figure 23. Targets used in reported
Page 83 and 84: participants that were more than th
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see, each of the four distributions
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The distribution of data from each
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Figure 28. Targets for Experiment 2
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Results and discussion Sixteen fema
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global grouping was significantly f
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Figure 32A depicts a box plot for g
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means, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Te
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to group by the alternative scale.
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Table 4. Characteristics of RT dist
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General Discussion Research that ha
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Experiments 2A and 2B were designed
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the size scale within an existing i
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“Hotmail” has been reported to
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They are interesting within the con
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forms of similarity could also be t
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the context of vision science resea
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Bennett, K. B., Nagy, A. L., and Fl
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De Valois, R. L. & De Valois, K. K.
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Johnston, W.A., Schwarting, I.S. &
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Nass, C., Isbister, K., & Lee, E.J.
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Palmer, S. E. & Rock, I. (1994). Re
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Sanocki, T.(2001). Interaction of s
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Tullis, T. S. (1981). An evaluation
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About the Author Melissa F. Schulz
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The Use of Iambic Pentameter in the

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