Osprey - General Military - Knight - The Warrior and ... - Brego-weard

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This emphasized bravery in battle, as well as physical strength and martial prowess, in particular skill on horseback and in the use of the lance and sword. This focus on personal strength and prowess is at the heart of the earlier tenth- and 11th-century tales such as the Song of Roland or the William ol Orange cycle. In these tales it is the hero's individual exploits on the battlefield that loom largest: terrific fights against overwhelming odds, superhuman blows landed and terrible wounds suffered and survived. Roland slays the Moorish warrior Grandonie by splitting his helmet with a blow that carries on through his head, hauberk, body and saddlebows, finishing deep in his horse's back. His companion Oliver continues to deal killing blows even after he himself has been struck a mortal blow. Although largely a tactual biography the History of William /Marshal follows a similar vein. It is William's prowess at the tournament and on the battlefield, along with his sage tactical advice, which his biographer highlights most greatly. William is prud'homme, a man of prowess and status. Geoffrey de Charny writes: ... it you desire that your arms be remembered, recognized and adorned above others, seek constantly and diligently to perform deeds of arms. And when God grants you the good fortune to find them, do your duty wisely and boldly, fearing nothing except CHIVALRY: THE KNIGHTLY CODE -
shame, striving with the skill of your hand and the effort of your body to as great a degree as your powers can extend in order to inflict damage on your opponents, always being among the first in battle. By so doing you will receive greater recognition for your achievements from your friends and enemies... As the reputation of the knight depended upon his martial virtues being acknowledged by his peers, there was a need for those deeds to be witnessed and an emphasis on the performing of individual teats, such as being first to engage the enemy in battle. Such deeds were recorded in the chronicles and narratives, which are full of the names of knights who appear only once and only because of a noteworthy act of prowess. For example, we are told ot Robert, the son of Gerard of Buonalbergo, serving as Bohemond of Taranto's standard-bearer during the First Crusade, and how he carried his lord's banner right in amongst the Saracens, making its tails float in their faces and 'with a tremendous shout momentarily checked them'. There was also a sense that fights should be a fair contest of arms, and that the chivalric warrior should not use underhand means to win. This was true in tournament, where we find rules against bracing lances against the saddle bow, or having gauntlets whose fingers locked closed around a weapon, but was also true in battle. This is most clearly reflected in the romances. When a party of three knights ambushes Erec and Enide in the tale of the same name, they attack the hero one at a time because, Chretien tells us, 'at that time it was customary that two knights should not join in an attack against one, and if the others had attacked their adversary it would have been considered treachery'. The same was true in real life, as shown by William Marshal's sparing of the future Richard the Lionheart's life outside ot Le Mans, described earlier. Not that this meant that rudej de guerre and feints could not be used. As we have seen, ambushes and the like were legitimage tactics and an acceptable part of knightly behaviour. A third element to this particular aspect was an emphasis on loyalty to one's comrades and one's lord. Jean du Bueil, the writer of the 15th-century semi- autobiographical work Le Jouvencal, says that: It is a joyous thing, a war ... you love your comrade so much in war. When you see that your quarrel is just, and your blood is fighting well, tears rise to your eyes. A great sweet feeling of loyalty and of pity fills your heart on seeing your friend so valiantly exposing his body to execute and accomplish the command of our Creator. And then you are prepared to go and die or live with him, and for love not to abandon him. And out of that, there arises such a delectation, that he who has not experienced it is not fit to say what delight it is.
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The Warrior and World of Chivalry R
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iCS.
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First published in Great Britain in
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8 THERE CAN BE NO WARRIOR QUITE SO
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KNIGHT The lists at the Eglinton To
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12 KNIGHT THE AGE OF THE MEDIEVAL K
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14 KNIGHT CHRONOLOGY What follows i
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1202-04 The Fourth Crusade. Origina
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France. There are several key campa
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KNIGHT Opposite: The top left corne
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Given these apparent similarities i
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KNIGHT Opposite: Carolingian soldie
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26 KNIGHT the incomes to afford to
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CHAPTER ONE ARMS AND ARMOUR
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iblical subjects in contemporary cl
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terms (after all the compiler of th
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padding being used to protect the t
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which had been developing along the
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Greek Corinthian helmet. Sallets co
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stopped the wearer's head from bein
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decorating. The shield was held by
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there may be others which cannot be
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made stronger without a huge increa
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normal sharp points. Some tournamen
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hen in March of 1095 Pope Urban II
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loricati and armati, mail-clad' or
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KNIGHT The fluting on this gothic a
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skirt, the underlying mail chausses
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60 KNIGHT weapon impacts on real ar
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The knight would have different hor
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Windsor Park in 1278. In the 1322 i
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CONTRARY TO THE POPULAR IMAGE KNIGH
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KNIGHT The high pommel and cantle o
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eins. It is clear that it is intend
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KNIGHT Combat in a 13th-century Ger
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it seems clear that retinues would
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... teams of equal numbers first ru
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earlier, Wace writes that the Norma
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KNIGHT Knights awaiting the start o
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A similar device, but for mounted c
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hedgerows, barns, hills and the tow
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English knights at a disadvantage a
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imit^S^VWSEqVES'BRrrANNLVSWXAElATK
Page 96 and 97: CHAPTER THREE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE
Page 98 and 99: the raising of a royal field army t
Page 100 and 101: separate organizations drawn from s
Page 102 and 103: not that behind; presumably the sti
Page 104 and 105: With its snub nose and double chin,
Page 106 and 107: supported by Geoffrey de Brabant. T
Page 108 and 109: THE ARMY ON THE MARCH Many of the i
Page 110 and 111: with limited objectives, if any, be
Page 112 and 113: • * / h M / Images of the battle
Page 114 and 115: of wine, dozens of herds of live ca
Page 116 and 117: have seen, were self contained, wit
Page 118 and 119: made this a practical proposition.
Page 120 and 121: crusaders even threw the heads of c
Page 122 and 123: BATTLE In comparison to sieges and
Page 124 and 125: of Northallerton in 1138 the priest
Page 126 and 127: A 15th-century depiction of Agincou
Page 128 and 129: dttrnutir.'Xaefatrami r^Wuutrma era
Page 130 and 131: himself as a scholar. Similarly, th
Page 132 and 133: numerous nobles, gleaming with gold
Page 134 and 135: of his charge, the savagery and pow
Page 136 and 137: fought in 1461, showed a blade woun
Page 138 and 139: and facing a renewed attack in thei
Page 140 and 141: (as opposed to rebellion) was consi
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Page 145: THE MODERN USE OF THE WORD CHIVALRY
Page 149 and 150: KNIGHT The Song of Roland is the ea
Page 151 and 152: KNIGHT Roger Mortimer, one of the f
Page 153 and 154: hen the theologians Augustine of Hi
Page 155 and 156: Hastings a set of penances was impo
Page 157 and 158: KNIGHT In a treaty on virtue and vi
Page 159 and 160: exposing his body to execute and ac
Page 161 and 162: 160 KNIGHT A royal crusader, marked
Page 164 and 165: 'WMItwm^.i CHIVALRY: THE KNIGHTLY C
Page 166 and 167: Indeed similar conversations were p
Page 168 and 169: marriage, such quarterings could be
Page 170 and 171: These were not individual symbols i
Page 172 and 173: Ulrich von Lichtenstein, depicted i
Page 174 and 175: were believed to be culturally infe
Page 176 and 177: eturned. In 1139, during the war be
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Page 181 and 182: THE KNIGHT WAS DEFINED BY HIS MARTI
Page 183 and 184: 182 KNIGHT The seal of Henry II of
Page 185 and 186: squire was closer to the knight tha
Page 187 and 188: KNIGHT The royal court was a curiou
Page 189 and 190: ill-educated and uncultured individ
Page 191 and 192: 0younger son of a minor nobleman wh
Page 193 and 194: KNIGHT Devotional works were not al
Page 195 and 196: KNIGHT Games like chess and backgam
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the tips of their toes where the bo
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he Black Prince's reputation as a c
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KNIGHT The secular orders each had
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BEYOND THE BATTLEFIELD: THE KNIGHT
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BEYOND THE BATTLEFIELD: THE KNIGHT
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would become over-tired. The quarry
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CHAPTER SIX THE DEATH OF KNIGHTHOOD
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men had been adopting them without
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KNIGHT By the time the Landsknecht
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e struggles between the Italian cit
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only for the tournament and pageant
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JtoimP^
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224 aketon arret de la cuiradde ave
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226 KNIGHT pell poleyn quintain rer
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228 KNIGHT The Rule of the Templars
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Liddiard, R. (ed.), Anglo-Norman Ca
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Cuhna, E. and Silva, Ana Maria, 'Wa
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Sherborne, J. W., 'Indentured retin
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KNIGHT champions 82 Chandos, Sir Jo
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KNIGHT Knights Templar, Order of 13
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KNIGHT sumptuary law (1363) 183-4,
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Osprey - General Military - Knight - The Warrior and ... - Brego-weard

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