Coulson, Charles, Castles in Medieval Society: Fortresses in Engl<strong>and</strong>, France <strong>and</strong> Irel<strong>and</strong> in the Central Middle Ages (Oxford, 2003) Crouch, David, <strong>The</strong> Birth of Nobility: Constructing Aristocracy in Engl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> France 900— 1300 (Harlow, 2005) Crouch, David, <strong>The</strong> Image of Aristocracy in Britain 1000—1300 (London, 1992) Crouch, David, Tournament (London, 2005) Crouch, David, William Marshal: <strong>Knight</strong>hood, War <strong>and</strong> Chivalry, 1147-1219 (London, 2002) Cummings, John J., <strong>The</strong> Art of Medieval Hunting (Edison, 2003) Curry, A.., Agincourt: A New History (London, 2006) Curry, A., <strong>The</strong> Battle of Agincourt: Sources <strong>and</strong> Interpretations (Woodbridge, 2000) Curry, A. <strong>and</strong> Hughes, M. (eds), Arms, Armies <strong>and</strong> Fortifications in the Hundred Years War (Woodbridge, 1994) Davis, R. H. C„ <strong>The</strong> Medieval Warhorse (London, 1989) DeVries, Kelly, Infantry Warfare in the Early Fourteenth Century: Discipline, Tactics <strong>and</strong> Technology (Woodbridge, 1995) DeVries, Kelly, Medieval <strong>Military</strong> Technology (Ontario, 1992) Dressier, R. A., Of Armour <strong>and</strong> Men: <strong>The</strong> Chivalric Rhetoric of Three English <strong>Knight</strong>s' Effigies (Aldershot, 2004) Duby, George, <strong>The</strong> Legend of Bouvines (trans. C. Tihanyi; Cambridge, 1990) Dunham, W. H. Jr, Lord Hastings' Indentured Retainers (Connecticut, 1955) Fiorato, V., Boylston, A. <strong>and</strong> Kntisel, C. (eds), Blood Red Roses: <strong>The</strong> Archaeology of a Mass Grave from the Battle of Towton AD 1461 (Oxford, 2000) Fowler, K., Medieval Mercenaries, vol. I (Oxford, 2001) Given-Wilson, C., Chronicles: <strong>The</strong> Writing of Huitory in Medieval Engl<strong>and</strong> (London, 2004) Hanley, Catherine, War <strong>and</strong> Combat 1150—1270: <strong>The</strong> Evidence from Old French Literature (Cambridge, 2003) Higham, Robert <strong>and</strong> Barker, Philip, Timber Castles (London, 1992) Hyl<strong>and</strong>, Ann, <strong>The</strong> Medieval Warhorse (Stroud, 1994) Jones, R., Bloodied Banners: Martial Display on the Medieval Battlefield (Woodbridge, 2010) Kaeuper, Richard, Chivalry <strong>and</strong> Violence in Medieval Europe (Oxford, 1999) Kaeuper, Richard, War, Justice <strong>and</strong> Public Order (Oxford, 1988) Keegan, John, <strong>The</strong> Face of Battle (London, 1978) Keen, Maurice, Chivalry (London, 1984) Keen, Maurice, <strong>The</strong> Laws of War (London, 1965) Keen, Maurice (ed.), Medieval Warfare: A History (Oxford, 1999) Keen, Maurice, Noble, <strong>Knight</strong>s <strong>and</strong>Men-at-Arms in the Middle Ages (London, 1996) Kenyon, J. R., Medieval Fortifications (London, 1991) BIBLIOGRAPHY 229
Liddiard, R. (ed.), Anglo-Norman Castles (Woodbridge, 2003) McGlynn, S., By Fire <strong>and</strong> Sword: Cruelty <strong>and</strong> Atrocity in Medieval Warfare (London, 2008) Mitchell, Piers, Medicine in the Crusades: Warfare, Wounds, <strong>and</strong> the Medieval Surgeon (Cambridge, 2004) Morillo, S., Warfare Under the Anglo-Norman Kings (Woodbridge, 1994) Newton, Stella Mary, Fashion in the Age of the Black Prince (Woodbridge, 1980) Nicolle, D., Medieval Warfare Sourcebook, 2 vols (London, 1996) Norris, John, Medieval Siege Waif are (Stroud, 2007) Oakeshott, Ewart, <strong>The</strong> Sword in the Age of Chivalry (Woodbridge, 2004) Pounds, N. G. J., <strong>The</strong> Medieval Ccuitle in Engl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Wales: A Social <strong>and</strong> Political History (Cambridge, 1990) Prestwich, J. O., War, Politics <strong>and</strong> Finance under Edward I (London, 1972) Prestwich, M., Armies <strong>and</strong> Warfare in the Middle Ages: <strong>The</strong> EnglLth Experience (London, 1996) Rogers, Clifford J., War Cruel <strong>and</strong> Sharp: English Strategy Under Edward 111, 1327—1560 (Woodbridge, 2000) Russell, F. H„ <strong>The</strong> Just War in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, 1975) Smail, R. C., Crusading Warfare (Cambridge, 1989) Strickl<strong>and</strong>, M., War <strong>and</strong> Chivalry (Cambridge, 1996) Thordeman, B. (ed.), Armour from the Battle of Wisby (Stockholm, 1939) Vale, Juliet, Edward III <strong>and</strong> Chivalry (Woodbridge, 1982) Verbruggen, J. F., <strong>The</strong> Art of Warfare in Western Europe (trans. Sumner-Willard <strong>and</strong> Southern; Woodbridge, 1997) Verbruggen, J. F., <strong>The</strong> Battle of the Golden Spurs: Courtrai, 11th July 1302 (ed. K. DeVries, trans. D. R. Ferguson; Woodbridge, 2002) White, Lynn Jr, /Medieval Technology <strong>and</strong> Social Change (Oxford, 1966) Windsor, Guy, <strong>The</strong> Swordsman's Companion: A Modern Training Manual for Medieval Longsword (Texas, 2004) ARTICLES Ailes, Adrian, 'Heraldry in the twelfth century: the evidence', Engl<strong>and</strong> in the Twelfth Century (ed. D. Williams; Woodbridge, 1990), pp. 1-16 Ailes, Adrian, '<strong>The</strong> knight, heraldry <strong>and</strong> armour: <strong>The</strong> role of recognition <strong>and</strong> the origins of heraldry', /Medieval <strong>Knight</strong>hood IV (eds C. Harper-Bil <strong>and</strong> R. Harvey; Woodbridge, 1992), pp. 1-21 Allen Brown, R., <strong>The</strong> status of the Norman knight', War <strong>and</strong> Government in the Middle Ages, (eds J. Gillingham <strong>and</strong> J. C. Holt; Woodbridge, 1984), pp.18-32
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The Warrior and World of Chivalry R
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iCS.
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First published in Great Britain in
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8 THERE CAN BE NO WARRIOR QUITE SO
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KNIGHT The lists at the Eglinton To
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12 KNIGHT THE AGE OF THE MEDIEVAL K
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14 KNIGHT CHRONOLOGY What follows i
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1202-04 The Fourth Crusade. Origina
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France. There are several key campa
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KNIGHT Opposite: The top left corne
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Given these apparent similarities i
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KNIGHT Opposite: Carolingian soldie
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26 KNIGHT the incomes to afford to
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CHAPTER ONE ARMS AND ARMOUR
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iblical subjects in contemporary cl
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terms (after all the compiler of th
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padding being used to protect the t
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which had been developing along the
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Greek Corinthian helmet. Sallets co
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stopped the wearer's head from bein
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decorating. The shield was held by
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there may be others which cannot be
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made stronger without a huge increa
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normal sharp points. Some tournamen
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hen in March of 1095 Pope Urban II
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loricati and armati, mail-clad' or
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KNIGHT The fluting on this gothic a
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skirt, the underlying mail chausses
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60 KNIGHT weapon impacts on real ar
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The knight would have different hor
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Windsor Park in 1278. In the 1322 i
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CONTRARY TO THE POPULAR IMAGE KNIGH
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KNIGHT The high pommel and cantle o
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eins. It is clear that it is intend
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KNIGHT Combat in a 13th-century Ger
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it seems clear that retinues would
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... teams of equal numbers first ru
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earlier, Wace writes that the Norma
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KNIGHT Knights awaiting the start o
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A similar device, but for mounted c
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hedgerows, barns, hills and the tow
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English knights at a disadvantage a
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imit^S^VWSEqVES'BRrrANNLVSWXAElATK
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CHAPTER THREE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE
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the raising of a royal field army t
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separate organizations drawn from s
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not that behind; presumably the sti
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With its snub nose and double chin,
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supported by Geoffrey de Brabant. T
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THE ARMY ON THE MARCH Many of the i
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with limited objectives, if any, be
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• * / h M / Images of the battle
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of wine, dozens of herds of live ca
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have seen, were self contained, wit
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made this a practical proposition.
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crusaders even threw the heads of c
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BATTLE In comparison to sieges and
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of Northallerton in 1138 the priest
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A 15th-century depiction of Agincou
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dttrnutir.'Xaefatrami r^Wuutrma era
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himself as a scholar. Similarly, th
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numerous nobles, gleaming with gold
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of his charge, the savagery and pow
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fought in 1461, showed a blade woun
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and facing a renewed attack in thei
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(as opposed to rebellion) was consi
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the survival of a number of great h
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THE MODERN USE OF THE WORD CHIVALRY
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shame, striving with the skill of y
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KNIGHT The Song of Roland is the ea
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KNIGHT Roger Mortimer, one of the f
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hen the theologians Augustine of Hi
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Hastings a set of penances was impo
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KNIGHT In a treaty on virtue and vi
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exposing his body to execute and ac
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160 KNIGHT A royal crusader, marked
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'WMItwm^.i CHIVALRY: THE KNIGHTLY C
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Indeed similar conversations were p
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marriage, such quarterings could be
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These were not individual symbols i
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Ulrich von Lichtenstein, depicted i
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were believed to be culturally infe
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eturned. In 1139, during the war be
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from sacking the town for much the
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- Page 209 and 210: would become over-tired. The quarry
- Page 212 and 213: CHAPTER SIX THE DEATH OF KNIGHTHOOD
- Page 214 and 215: men had been adopting them without
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