Osprey - General Military - Knight - The Warrior and ... - Brego-weard

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which had been developing along the same lines as the rest ot the armour, starting ott with a splinted construction but increasingly consisting of complex shaped plates. The feet, likewise, were covered in sabatons of metal segments, or lamed, the calves in fully enclosed, plate greaves, the knee in poleyns and the upper leg in cuisses, originally padded, quilted or even made of riveted plates as before, but by around 1400 made ot plate covering the front and outside of the thigh. Whilst the iconic 'hounskull' bascinet was still very common, a variant had developed by 1400. The 'grand bascinet' retained many of the same elements of its smaller cousin but on a more massive scale. The aventail disappeared, replaced by a solid neck defence. The visor was still of one piece and hinged at the sides, but the features became blunted, giving it a sort of bulldog appearance. The mid- to late 15th century saw another dramatic change in the development of armour. Until this point armour styles had been fairly international, with only occasional and minor variations in form, often just a case of one region being ahead of the fashion trend rather than developing anything uniquely different. Now, however, two distinctive styles developed: the gothic' style of the armourers of southern Germany and the 'Milanese' style from the workshops of, unsurprisingly, Milan. Gothic armour was dominated by narrow and wasp-waisted armour, with relatively small plates, heavily fluted and scalloped, in a manner similar to the high gothic architecture with which it shares its name. Emphasizing flexibility over protection, it still relied on mail gussets sewn to the arming doublet, the reinforced jacket to which the leg and arm assemblies were tied, to protect the armpit and a mail skirt or mail braied — underpants made of tiny mail links — to protect the groin. By contrast the Milanese style made use of larger plates, smooth and rounded, giving the harness a much more massive look. This afforded perhaps greater protection at a slight cost in flexibility particularly with regard to the shoulders. In both cases the armour was often asymmetrical, with larger plates or additional layers of protection (the qardbrace or grange-garde) shielding the left side of the body, the side most likely to receive a lance blow. In this period there was a broader range of helmet styles than perhaps ever before. To a certain extent these can be matched with the two dominant styles of armour: the dallet, horizontal, skimming the jaw line and with a clear and distinct tail, reflects the narrow lines and fluted style of the gothic style whilst the Milanese armour is more often depicted in conjunction with an armet, a bascinet-style helmet that enclosed the head with large cheek pieces that met in the middle to protect the jaw and a hinged visor for the face. Some also had a disc of steel at the nape of the neck - the rondel — the purpose of which is no longer clear. Another popular Italianate style was the barbate, a deep helmet with an open face reminiscent of the classical ARMS AND ARMOUR •*}*• 37
KNIGHT St George from an altarpiece c.1391. The saint is depicted in the latest armour, including plate defences for the arms and legs, and the ubiquitous 'hounskull' bascinet. His bulbous breastplate and the full sleeves of his jupon mimic contemporary civilian fashions. (Bridgeman Art Library) 38
Page 1 and 2: The Warrior and World of Chivalry R
Page 3 and 4: iCS.
Page 5 and 6: First published in Great Britain in
Page 9 and 10: 8 THERE CAN BE NO WARRIOR QUITE SO
Page 11 and 12: KNIGHT The lists at the Eglinton To
Page 13 and 14: 12 KNIGHT THE AGE OF THE MEDIEVAL K
Page 15 and 16: 14 KNIGHT CHRONOLOGY What follows i
Page 17 and 18: 1202-04 The Fourth Crusade. Origina
Page 19 and 20: France. There are several key campa
Page 21 and 22: KNIGHT Opposite: The top left corne
Page 23 and 24: Given these apparent similarities i
Page 25 and 26: KNIGHT Opposite: Carolingian soldie
Page 27 and 28: 26 KNIGHT the incomes to afford to
Page 30 and 31: CHAPTER ONE ARMS AND ARMOUR
Page 32 and 33: iblical subjects in contemporary cl
Page 34 and 35: terms (after all the compiler of th
Page 36 and 37: padding being used to protect the t
Page 40 and 41: Greek Corinthian helmet. Sallets co
Page 42 and 43: stopped the wearer's head from bein
Page 44 and 45: decorating. The shield was held by
Page 46 and 47: there may be others which cannot be
Page 48: made stronger without a huge increa
Page 51 and 52: normal sharp points. Some tournamen
Page 53 and 54: hen in March of 1095 Pope Urban II
Page 55 and 56: loricati and armati, mail-clad' or
Page 57 and 58: KNIGHT The fluting on this gothic a
Page 59 and 60: skirt, the underlying mail chausses
Page 61 and 62: 60 KNIGHT weapon impacts on real ar
Page 63 and 64: The knight would have different hor
Page 66: Windsor Park in 1278. In the 1322 i
Page 69 and 70: CONTRARY TO THE POPULAR IMAGE KNIGH
Page 71 and 72: KNIGHT The high pommel and cantle o
Page 73 and 74: eins. It is clear that it is intend
Page 75 and 76: KNIGHT Combat in a 13th-century Ger
Page 77 and 78: it seems clear that retinues would
Page 79 and 80: ... teams of equal numbers first ru
Page 81 and 82: earlier, Wace writes that the Norma
Page 83 and 84: KNIGHT Knights awaiting the start o
Page 86 and 87: A similar device, but for mounted c
Page 88 and 89:
hedgerows, barns, hills and the tow
Page 90 and 91:
English knights at a disadvantage a
Page 92:
imit^S^VWSEqVES'BRrrANNLVSWXAElATK
Page 96 and 97:
CHAPTER THREE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE
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the raising of a royal field army t
Page 100 and 101:
separate organizations drawn from s
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not that behind; presumably the sti
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With its snub nose and double chin,
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supported by Geoffrey de Brabant. T
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THE ARMY ON THE MARCH Many of the i
Page 110 and 111:
with limited objectives, if any, be
Page 112 and 113:
• * / h M / Images of the battle
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of wine, dozens of herds of live ca
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have seen, were self contained, wit
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made this a practical proposition.
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crusaders even threw the heads of c
Page 122 and 123:
BATTLE In comparison to sieges and
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of Northallerton in 1138 the priest
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A 15th-century depiction of Agincou
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dttrnutir.'Xaefatrami r^Wuutrma era
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himself as a scholar. Similarly, th
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numerous nobles, gleaming with gold
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of his charge, the savagery and pow
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fought in 1461, showed a blade woun
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and facing a renewed attack in thei
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(as opposed to rebellion) was consi
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the survival of a number of great h
Page 145 and 146:
THE MODERN USE OF THE WORD CHIVALRY
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shame, striving with the skill of y
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KNIGHT The Song of Roland is the ea
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KNIGHT Roger Mortimer, one of the f
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hen the theologians Augustine of Hi
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Hastings a set of penances was impo
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KNIGHT In a treaty on virtue and vi
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exposing his body to execute and ac
Page 161 and 162:
160 KNIGHT A royal crusader, marked
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'WMItwm^.i CHIVALRY: THE KNIGHTLY C
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Indeed similar conversations were p
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marriage, such quarterings could be
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These were not individual symbols i
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Ulrich von Lichtenstein, depicted i
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were believed to be culturally infe
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eturned. In 1139, during the war be
Page 178:
from sacking the town for much the
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THE KNIGHT WAS DEFINED BY HIS MARTI
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182 KNIGHT The seal of Henry II of
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squire was closer to the knight tha
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KNIGHT The royal court was a curiou
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ill-educated and uncultured individ
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0younger son of a minor nobleman wh
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KNIGHT Devotional works were not al
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KNIGHT Games like chess and backgam
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the tips of their toes where the bo
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he Black Prince's reputation as a c
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KNIGHT The secular orders each had
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BEYOND THE BATTLEFIELD: THE KNIGHT
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BEYOND THE BATTLEFIELD: THE KNIGHT
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would become over-tired. The quarry
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CHAPTER SIX THE DEATH OF KNIGHTHOOD
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men had been adopting them without
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KNIGHT By the time the Landsknecht
Page 219 and 220:
e struggles between the Italian cit
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only for the tournament and pageant
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JtoimP^
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224 aketon arret de la cuiradde ave
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226 KNIGHT pell poleyn quintain rer
Page 229 and 230:
228 KNIGHT The Rule of the Templars
Page 231 and 232:
Liddiard, R. (ed.), Anglo-Norman Ca
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Cuhna, E. and Silva, Ana Maria, 'Wa
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Sherborne, J. W., 'Indentured retin
Page 237 and 238:
KNIGHT champions 82 Chandos, Sir Jo
Page 239 and 240:
KNIGHT Knights Templar, Order of 13
Page 241 and 242:
KNIGHT sumptuary law (1363) 183-4,
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Osprey - General Military - Knight - The Warrior and ... - Brego-weard

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