Osprey - General Military - Knight - The Warrior and ... - Brego-weard

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their foundations in the mythical past through to his own time, Wace's stories combine elements of both epic literature and chronicle narrative to tell an entertaining tale, a mixture of fact and fable. A similar tack is taken by the author of the History of William Marshal, a poem that records the life and deeds of one of the foremost English knights of the 11th and 12th centuries. Commissioned by William's son, the author interweaves the grand politics of the Anglo-Norman world with the excitement of the tournament and battlefield, and humorous anecdotes that reflect a man with a robust and earthy sense of humour alongside an acute political acumen, all couched in tones that are reminiscent of the epics and romances. Not all of our sources were written by men who had never seen battle. A number of knights described the events in which they partook. In The Life of Saint Louu) Jean de Joinville, an official in the royal court of the French king Louis IX, participated in and wrote about Louis' crusade into Egypt between 1248 and 1254, whilst the Flemish chronicler Jean le Bel had been a knight serving in the army of Edward III in the Weardale campaign of 1327, which sought unsuccessfully to bring the Scots to battle. Their descriptions of the hardships of campaign and the miseries of defeat are a fine counterpoint to the opulent images of knighthood in illuminated manuscript, the elegant progresses of the Arthurian knights of romance, or the rather dry narratives of the monkish chronicler. The material available to us is not all narrative in form. There are administrative records, providing insights into who attended armies, what they were paid and how they were organized and expected to behave. The Order of the Knights Templars, since they were organized as a monastic order, had a 'Rule', a list of strictures by which they lived. These included, alongside regulations on the normal monastic duties, detailed instructions on how the knight-brothers were to be equipped and how they were to be arranged and conduct themselves on campaign. Whilst the Rule itself is unusual there can be little doubt that the practices it stipulates were common to knightly armies throughout Europe. Less practical, but no less important to our understanding of knighthood are works like the Livre de Chevalerie ('Book of Chivalry ) written by Geoff rey de Charny around 1350. This book sought to teach young knights the highest ideals of the knighthood, as understood by a man who was one of the leading knights in Europe at that time, a founding member of the French Order of the Star and chosen to bear the sacred royal banner, the Oriflamme, into battle at Poitiers in 1356, where he was to lose his life. By combining all such sources; narrative and fictional, instructional and administrative, visual and written, it is possible to put together a picture of the knight, his culture and his world between the 11th and 16th centuries. INTRODUCTION - 13
14 KNIGHT CHRONOLOGY What follows is a list of the key events, battles and sieges described in this book. 732 The battle of Poitiers (also known as the battle of Tours). The Frankish leader Charles Martel defeats the army of the Muslim Ummayid caliphate, arguably stemming the advance ol Islam into Europe. The historian Lynn White Jr argued that Martel s victory was the result of the technological advantage of the use of the stirrup, and was a vital step in the development of the medieval knight. 1047 War between William 'the Bastard (later 'the Conqueror ) Duke of Normandy against Geoffrey Martel, Count of Anjou, during William's struggle to defeat rebel nobles and secure his position as duke. Included sieges of Le Mans and Alen
Page 1 and 2: The Warrior and World of Chivalry R
Page 3 and 4: iCS.
Page 5 and 6: First published in Great Britain in
Page 9 and 10: 8 THERE CAN BE NO WARRIOR QUITE SO
Page 11 and 12: KNIGHT The lists at the Eglinton To
Page 13: 12 KNIGHT THE AGE OF THE MEDIEVAL K
Page 17 and 18: 1202-04 The Fourth Crusade. Origina
Page 19 and 20: France. There are several key campa
Page 21 and 22: KNIGHT Opposite: The top left corne
Page 23 and 24: Given these apparent similarities i
Page 25 and 26: KNIGHT Opposite: Carolingian soldie
Page 27 and 28: 26 KNIGHT the incomes to afford to
Page 30 and 31: CHAPTER ONE ARMS AND ARMOUR
Page 32 and 33: iblical subjects in contemporary cl
Page 34 and 35: terms (after all the compiler of th
Page 36 and 37: padding being used to protect the t
Page 38 and 39: which had been developing along the
Page 40 and 41: Greek Corinthian helmet. Sallets co
Page 42 and 43: stopped the wearer's head from bein
Page 44 and 45: decorating. The shield was held by
Page 46 and 47: there may be others which cannot be
Page 48: made stronger without a huge increa
Page 51 and 52: normal sharp points. Some tournamen
Page 53 and 54: hen in March of 1095 Pope Urban II
Page 55 and 56: loricati and armati, mail-clad' or
Page 57 and 58: KNIGHT The fluting on this gothic a
Page 59 and 60: skirt, the underlying mail chausses
Page 61 and 62: 60 KNIGHT weapon impacts on real ar
Page 63 and 64: The knight would have different hor
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Windsor Park in 1278. In the 1322 i
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CONTRARY TO THE POPULAR IMAGE KNIGH
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KNIGHT The high pommel and cantle o
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eins. It is clear that it is intend
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KNIGHT Combat in a 13th-century Ger
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it seems clear that retinues would
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... teams of equal numbers first ru
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earlier, Wace writes that the Norma
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KNIGHT Knights awaiting the start o
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A similar device, but for mounted c
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hedgerows, barns, hills and the tow
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English knights at a disadvantage a
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imit^S^VWSEqVES'BRrrANNLVSWXAElATK
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CHAPTER THREE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE
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the raising of a royal field army t
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separate organizations drawn from s
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not that behind; presumably the sti
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With its snub nose and double chin,
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supported by Geoffrey de Brabant. T
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THE ARMY ON THE MARCH Many of the i
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with limited objectives, if any, be
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• * / h M / Images of the battle
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of wine, dozens of herds of live ca
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have seen, were self contained, wit
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made this a practical proposition.
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crusaders even threw the heads of c
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BATTLE In comparison to sieges and
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of Northallerton in 1138 the priest
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A 15th-century depiction of Agincou
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dttrnutir.'Xaefatrami r^Wuutrma era
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himself as a scholar. Similarly, th
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numerous nobles, gleaming with gold
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of his charge, the savagery and pow
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fought in 1461, showed a blade woun
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and facing a renewed attack in thei
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(as opposed to rebellion) was consi
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the survival of a number of great h
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THE MODERN USE OF THE WORD CHIVALRY
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shame, striving with the skill of y
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KNIGHT The Song of Roland is the ea
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KNIGHT Roger Mortimer, one of the f
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hen the theologians Augustine of Hi
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Hastings a set of penances was impo
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KNIGHT In a treaty on virtue and vi
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exposing his body to execute and ac
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160 KNIGHT A royal crusader, marked
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'WMItwm^.i CHIVALRY: THE KNIGHTLY C
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Indeed similar conversations were p
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marriage, such quarterings could be
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These were not individual symbols i
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Ulrich von Lichtenstein, depicted i
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were believed to be culturally infe
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eturned. In 1139, during the war be
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from sacking the town for much the
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THE KNIGHT WAS DEFINED BY HIS MARTI
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182 KNIGHT The seal of Henry II of
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squire was closer to the knight tha
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KNIGHT The royal court was a curiou
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ill-educated and uncultured individ
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0younger son of a minor nobleman wh
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KNIGHT Devotional works were not al
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KNIGHT Games like chess and backgam
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the tips of their toes where the bo
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he Black Prince's reputation as a c
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KNIGHT The secular orders each had
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BEYOND THE BATTLEFIELD: THE KNIGHT
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BEYOND THE BATTLEFIELD: THE KNIGHT
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would become over-tired. The quarry
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CHAPTER SIX THE DEATH OF KNIGHTHOOD
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men had been adopting them without
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KNIGHT By the time the Landsknecht
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e struggles between the Italian cit
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only for the tournament and pageant
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JtoimP^
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224 aketon arret de la cuiradde ave
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226 KNIGHT pell poleyn quintain rer
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228 KNIGHT The Rule of the Templars
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Liddiard, R. (ed.), Anglo-Norman Ca
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Cuhna, E. and Silva, Ana Maria, 'Wa
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Sherborne, J. W., 'Indentured retin
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KNIGHT champions 82 Chandos, Sir Jo
Page 239 and 240:
KNIGHT Knights Templar, Order of 13
Page 241 and 242:
KNIGHT sumptuary law (1363) 183-4,
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Osprey - General Military - Knight - The Warrior and ... - Brego-weard

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