Open and Distance Learning for Sustainable Development

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agenda, such as South East Asian countries, in particular India, China, Brazil, South Africa and those lagging behind mainly from sub-Saharan Africa. The Earth Summit established the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) as the financial mechanism to provide grants to developing countries for projects that benefit the global environment and promote sustainable livelihoods in local communities. GEF projects address six complex global environmental issues: 90 • Biodiversity • Climate Change • International Waters • Land Degradation • The Ozone Layer • Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Since 1991, the Global Environment Facility has provided $6.8 billion in grants and generated over $24 billion in co-financing from other sources to support over 1,900 projects that produce global environmental benefits in more than 160 developing countries and countries with economies in transition. GEF funds are contributed by donor countries. In 2006, 32 donor countries, including Nigeria pledged $3.13 billion to fund operations for four years. According to Global Environmental Outlook (GEO) 2000, Africa had received $US419 million (22 per cent of all GEF funding) for approved projects by June 1998. By mid 1998, the regional projects in the biodiversity focal area had been allocated the highest amount globally (some $US250 million). GEO 2000 lists examples of other national and sub-regional projects in the biodiversity focal area, including the management of plant genetic resources, and of protected areas, the conservation and management of habitats and species, island biodiversity, coastal, marine and freshwater ecosystems, forest ecosystems and capacity and institution building. As the financial mechanism of the Climate Convention, GEF allocates and disburses about $250 million dollars per year to fund projects in developing countries in energy efficiency, renewable energies, and sustainable transportation. Moreover, it manages two special funds under the UNFCCC — the Least Developed Countries Fund and the Special Climate Change Fund. The GEF supports mitigation projects that reduce or avoid greenhouse gas emissions in the areas of renewable energy, energy efficiency, and sustainable transport. It also supports adaptation projects that increase resilience to the adverse impacts of climate change of vulnerable countries, sectors, and communities. In the area of international waters, the projects include water-body management programmes, pollution control, integrated land and water programmes, and oil pollution management projects. Biodiversity conservation constitutes one of the GEF’s greatest priorities. Since 1991, the GEF has invested nearly $7.6 billion in grants and co-financing for biodiversity conservation in developing countries. As the financial mechanism for the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the GEF helps countries fulfil their obligations under the CBD. The biodiversity portfolio supports initiatives that promote in situ and sustainable biodiversity
conservation in protected areas and production landscapes as well as capacity building for implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Bio safety (CPB) and knowledge dissemination. In 2002, the GEF Assembly expanded GEF’s mandate by adding land degradation to the GEF portfolio. In 2003, the GEF was designated a financial mechanism of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). Over the next three years, GEF expects to invest more than $750 million in projects that integrate sustainable land management into national development priorities, strengthen human, technical, and institutional capacities, bring about needed policy and regulatory reforms, and implement innovative sustainable land management practices. In the current replenishment, the GEF has allocated US$300 to focal areas of Sustainable Land Management. Although Nigeria has benefited from funding activities of the Conventions and its financial mechanisms, it has not fully exploited the tremendous opportunities available in the funding of projects in the multilateral environmental conventions. Virtually all sub-Saharan African countries, including Nigeria, could not to-date access funding allocated to them under the resource allocation framework of the Global Environment Facility. This has to do with the inability of these countries to develop viable projects that would meet the eligibility criteria or incremental cost or any other requirements of the GEF on projects. It is also pertinent to note that we have not, so far, been able to provide the counterpart funding, as a matter of annual fiscal policy, required to guarantee access such funding from the international financial institutions. It is urgent, at this point, for Nigeria to provide the leadership expected of her as a major geopolitical player in the Continent of Africa, particularly at the meetings of the Conference of the Parties of the Conventions, where decisions that affect Nigeria and other developing countries in Africa are taken. More significantly, Nigeria’s international image is incessantly being tarnished by its inability to pay its statutory contributions to multilateral organisations to enable it exploit all the available potential opportunities, which by far outstrips such payments in term of benefits. The vacuum thus created is increasingly being contested by other regional players like South Africa, Egypt, Brazil and Indonesia in the South South context. We must therefore seize the moment of an evolving international environment to re-establish our rightful position among the comity of nations. 91
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2 nd Lagos, Nigeria A C D E C o n f
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Prof. Babatunde Ipaye (Chair, Plann
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Page Foreword i Contents ii - xi CO
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Increasing Teacher Quantity and Qua
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Role of Open / Distance Learning in
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Facilitating the Learning of Wildli
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Ibadan Open Digital Village (IODIV)
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THINKING OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING
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inaugurating at the time from exter
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country would be changed for good a
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Introduction 7 ELEARNING ON THE FAR
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There is a major omission in that d
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There are now close to a hundred of
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2008. We have already done face to
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affordable by students, parents, go
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their communities with no vocationa
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operating grants. A similarly sized
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• Innovation: In North America un
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mercantile investment tools exploit
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THE CHALLENGE OF THE MILLENNIUM DEV
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Quite clearly ODL practices have a
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Distance learning methods can be us
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We should not forget the strength o
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Introduction It is indeed a great p
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estructuring efforts will be geared
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37 Table 4: Internet Penetration in
Page 53 and 54: Given that ODL is a relatively new
Page 55 and 56: globalised and competitive world, h
Page 57 and 58: 43 • The sharing of experiences t
Page 59 and 60: References Arbo, P., & Benneworth,
Page 61 and 62: Well functioning teacher education
Page 63 and 64: 49 • The possibility of achieving
Page 65 and 66: 51 • Education or professional st
Page 67 and 68: getting teacher-students to engage
Page 69 and 70: Thus, if the intention is to prepar
Page 71 and 72: over 3 three years Trained 1,200 Te
Page 73 and 74: Purpose-driven programme design inf
Page 75 and 76: We would argue the need for site-ba
Page 77 and 78: 63 • How will we know whether we
Page 79 and 80: Robinson, B. & Latchem, C. Eds. (20
Page 81 and 82: pattern emerging, they need to anal
Page 83 and 84: Language and National Development N
Page 85 and 86: These programmes exist in many univ
Page 87 and 88: Survey Research; Introspection and
Page 89 and 90: The point made here is that univers
Page 91 and 92: 77 access to French, the language o
Page 93 and 94: vehicular cross border languages or
Page 95 and 96: References Bamgbose, A. (1991). Lan
Page 97 and 98: 83 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM INT
Page 99 and 100: 85 • Romania - National Centre fo
Page 101 and 102: 87 Consumption and Production Patte
Page 103: the structure to coordinate nationa
Page 107 and 108: mind the colonial and historical le
Page 109 and 110: involved in the evaluation of cours
Page 111 and 112: staff and students to information a
Page 113 and 114: otherwise open and distance learnin
Page 115 and 116: We agree with Okolie (2003) that th
Page 117 and 118: means of education to become member
Page 119 and 120: REFERENCES Adekanmbi, G. (2000). A
Page 121 and 122: Gravett, S. (2004). Teaching and le
Page 123 and 124: 109 SUB THEME I OPEN & DISTANCE LEA
Page 125 and 126: Definition of Social Emotional Lear
Page 127 and 128: 1988). The learners in developmenta
Page 129 and 130: Table 1 Proportional Sampling of Pr
Page 131 and 132: Confidence 752 4.11 0.91 Independen
Page 133 and 134: References Association for Childhoo
Page 135 and 136: QUALITY ASSURANCE IN OPEN AND DISTA
Page 137 and 138: Concept of Quality Assurance Qualit
Page 139 and 140: The vision of the National Open Uni
Page 141 and 142: (e) To provide forum where individu
Page 143 and 144: AN APPRAISAL OF THE IMPLEMENTATION
Page 145 and 146: e mo v e d in s p a c e a n d /o r
Page 147 and 148: T h e o r e t ica l Framework T h e
Page 149 and 150: h a v e th e larg e s t n u mb e r
Page 151 and 152: T a b l e 2 : C o mparison o f A d
Page 153 and 154: I t e m S /N f r o m r e s u l ts i
Page 155 and 156:
141 p o p u l a t io n a d e q u a
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I t e m S /N S p e c if ic a lly, r
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D iscussio n F i v e r e s e a r c
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R e f e r e n c e s A ya d i, Fe l
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traders, unqualified medical worker
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Table 1: Mean, Standard Deviation a
Page 167 and 168:
From table 2 above, it is observed
Page 169 and 170:
ape, drug abuse and in unhealthy se
Page 171 and 172:
Introduction Education has become o
Page 173 and 174:
The Early Childhood Education progr
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In a bid to deliver quality educati
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(a) Self-assessment: These are assi
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OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) AN
Page 181 and 182:
Most of the ODL programmes at the U
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Director but the basic admission le
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THE USE OF AN ONLINE LEARNING SYSTE
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online education, also called dista
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Program Knowledge Performance Learn
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DEED618: College Teaching (CRN# 301
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Dreamweaver, etc. Providing additio
Page 195 and 196:
Table 2 - Ten Largest Distance-lear
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USA Today, April 33, 2008: 6D. Wrig
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systems such as water, and land and
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Teachers face a widening range of d
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189 ii. gender: It is difficult to
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191 Robinson, B. and Colin, L. (200
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University of United Kingdom (OUUK)
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to lack of potential for sustainabi
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elements are: leadership, governmen
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Education for Sustainability Sustai
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The National Teachers’ Institute,
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- The Federal Government directive
Page 219 and 220:
References: Adeagbo, Sen (2004). Co
Page 221 and 222:
Introduction Distance learning is a
Page 223 and 224:
This undeniable huge number of illi
Page 225 and 226:
210 At the level of M.A Urdu in th
Page 227 and 228:
Siddique, H.M. (2004). Distance Lea
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Annexure-3:Table 3 Gender Wise, Lev
Page 231 and 232:
Annexure -8:Table 8 Gender Wise, Le
Page 233 and 234:
9 Education Teacher Pakistan educat
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INCREASING TEACHER QUANTITY AND QUA
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teacher ratios very high (for insta
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Teacher Education in Kenya and Expe
Page 241 and 242:
Postgraduate Diploma in Education (
Page 243 and 244:
228 AN APPRAISAL OF ODL MODEL FOR P
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I n d i s c u s s in g th e po t e
Page 247 and 248:
P u r p o s e of th e s t u d y T h
Page 249 and 250:
D a t a a n a l y s i s B o th q u
Page 251 and 252:
I t e m S / N T a b l e 3 C o m p a
Page 253 and 254:
T a b l e 5 R a t i n g o f a d e q
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l e c t u r e s r e gu l a r l y an
Page 257 and 258:
Figure 1 Summary of panel’s repor
Page 259 and 260:
244 a d e q u a t e f e e d b a c k
Page 261 and 262:
G a b r ie l , A . ( 20 0 0 ) . E -
Page 263 and 264:
Introduction In the recent past, th
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compromise the time and attention t
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The students reported that they had
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TRAINING OF DEVELOPERS OF DISTANCE
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putting in place the SOLACE. Indeed
Page 273 and 274:
Although according to data in the r
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clear policy which addresses a vari
Page 277 and 278:
Republic of Kenya. (1998). Master P
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system, namely making learning flex
Page 281 and 282:
Type 1 Literacy development interve
Page 283 and 284:
268 the Adult Literacy Classroom. A
Page 285 and 286:
AGRICULTURE AND THE MILLENNIUM DEVE
Page 287 and 288:
Developing a global partnership for
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farmer in the Hambantota region saw
Page 291 and 292:
276 RECONSTRUCTING MASCULINITY AND
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power. Power then becomes a weapon
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annunciated by the superpowers. P.
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24. I refer to potentially inhibito
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means that the propositions employe
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Dignity: Human dignity, pursuit of
Page 303 and 304:
sound philosophical foundation to i
Page 305 and 306:
290 INNOVATIVE METHOD OF HIV/AIDS E
Page 307 and 308:
To be certain, the treatment situat
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The course: Management and Care of
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Aderinoye, R. and Ojokheta, K. (200
Page 313 and 314:
This paper explores how the curricu
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300 indirectly by serving as guides
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302 iv. Rehabilitation and empowerm
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FROM EMPOWERMENT TO TRANSFORMATION:
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conception of power according to Pa
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in education. Plagiarising the work
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In Osiki (2007b), it was opined tha
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and caprices of any “military gen
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Osiki, J.O. (2007 b). Empowering Di
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INCORPORATING RELATIONSHIP MARKETIN
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strategic planning, work process, t
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Position Held Frequency Percent Cle
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Most of the customer care given to
Page 339 and 340:
Bbuye, J. (2005) “Distance Educat
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INCREASING NUMBER OF OLDER PERSONS
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of ageing (Omotayo, 2006: 105-107).
Page 345 and 346:
Second Semester 017Theory of Ageing
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OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING: SUCCESS
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opportunities. This is in keeping w
Page 351 and 352:
External problems Energy related pr
Page 353 and 354:
References Adebayo, A. M. (2007a).
Page 355 and 356:
Conceptual issues Open and Ffexible
Page 357 and 358:
Table 1. Applications and admission
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from the epidemic to share their ex
Page 361 and 362:
Jegede, O.J. (2003). Taking the dis
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The foreign learning and teaching s
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The song accompaniment for GST 101
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McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding t
Page 369 and 370:
Introduction Open and Distance Lear
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It includes all the activities aime
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358 contact, less formal methods ar
Page 375 and 376:
360 Training Objective Even though
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1. Technical competency 362 Technic
Page 379 and 380:
2. Training logistics 364 The curri
Page 381 and 382:
Rao, M.K. (1999). A Critical Analys
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vulgarisation agricole et d’ensei
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Open Learning system has emerged as
Page 387 and 388:
For the physically challenged child
Page 389 and 390:
Introduction/historical background
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Academic Manpower in NOUN The Natio
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THE ROLE OF NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSIT
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New venture creation and developmen
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Education is the most important ins
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Mode of Course Delivery Full time a
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Significantly, standards and benchm
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Osei, B., Baah-Nuakoh, A., Tutu, K.
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Introduction The success of every n
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S/N 1 Significance Generally, the m
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and infant mortality. 17 ODL method
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needed information. Assessment acco
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Abstract 398 ROLE OF OPEN AND DISTA
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Studies show that, it is as effecti
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The programme was introduced to tak
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This method allows learners to plan
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demand for providing quality teache
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Convenience with Family and other S
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(49.0%) agreed and 153 (51.0%) disa
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Hypothesis 2 Occupational status of
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Recommendations Open and distance l
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National Teachers’ Institute. (20
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418 Can human beings live long? Can
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17 - 19). Hence, the number of wome
Page 437 and 438:
Ohaegbulem, M. O. (2007). Awareness
Page 439 and 440:
Introduction The population growth
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However, the ubiquity of ICTs today
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428 • Religion Various religious
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Conclusion 430 o Promoting synergis
Page 447 and 448:
Abstract 432 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND
Page 449 and 450:
Data collection We conducted in-dep
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ecause she spent most of the time a
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financially well off and he preferr
Page 455 and 456:
References Chaudry, P. (1995) Women
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University of Nigeria en vue de met
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36 Zamfara 1,630,344 1,629,502 3,25
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446 Total Population of Female in N
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Table1.3 Total number of admitted s
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ODL if the government can put in pl
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452 SUB THEME III CAPACITY BUILDING
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Course Structure of DPE Programme T
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Regarding counselling sessions not
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BLOGGING AT UNIVERSITY AS A CASE ST
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in the past 12 months (i.e., up to
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The purpose of the blog should be m
Page 479 and 480:
Tables 3 and 4 show samples of blog
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Staff are presumably well grounded
Page 483 and 484:
Appendix I - Modelling for a pedago
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that bear on its ability to satisfy
Page 487 and 488:
quality control and accrediting age
Page 489 and 490:
Further, the characteristics of sof
Page 491 and 492:
Duncan, W. J. (1978). Organizationa
Page 493 and 494:
The Policy of the National Open Uni
Page 495 and 496:
those measures is arguable 6 . But
Page 497 and 498:
Much of the official attitude (legi
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fit to live a law abiding life upon
Page 501 and 502:
educational or vocational training
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OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) AS STR
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imprisoned along with convicted cri
Page 507 and 508:
References Heather Menzies Venettee
Page 509 and 510:
Mots clés: développement de resou
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Results and Findings The National O
Page 513 and 514:
The respondents thus identified tha
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systematic programme of continuous
Page 517 and 518:
Introduction Training as related to
Page 519 and 520:
There is therefore the need to prep
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• the time lag between learning s
Page 523 and 524:
508 SUB THEME IV Quality Assurance
Page 525 and 526:
Project Goal The goal of the projec
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512 students who cannot afford coll
Page 529 and 530:
514 Table 2 Notional Budget Item Am
Page 531 and 532:
Introduction Course materials are v
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content and construct validity; and
Page 535 and 536:
Table 4 Percentage of learners’ r
Page 537 and 538:
Discussion Research Question 1 Are
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Findings The following were the fin
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CHALLENGES OF QUALITY ASSURANCE IN
Page 543 and 544:
materials (printed texts, video, au
Page 545 and 546:
Introduction In order to create an
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COUNSELLING AS A COMMUNICATION STRA
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In Open and Distance Education, the
Page 551 and 552:
As earlier mentioned, effort is bei
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Conclusion In this paper, the write
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Introduction Open and distance educ
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542 5. There is openness with regar
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etrieval and dissemination of infor
Page 561 and 562:
546 teaching. It is a well designed
Page 563 and 564:
References Akpan. C.P. & Esirah, E.
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FACILITATING THE LEARNING OF WILDLI
Page 567 and 568:
‘graduate attributes’. However
Page 569 and 570:
The subject is broken into three mo
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Assessment of Forum Participation T
Page 573 and 574:
An additional tool is that of chat
Page 575 and 576:
Gilmer, P. (1999). Developing a dis
Page 577 and 578:
Introduction 562 PERSONNEL MANAGEME
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564 • The Managers co-ordinate th
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566 • They produce comprehensive,
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568 (i) Administrators: Administrat
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570 (v) Universities in Canada and
Page 587 and 588:
References 572 (iv) Finally, it is
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professional development, the need
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576 o Portfolios: collection of lea
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we need is to train our people on t
Page 595 and 596:
Introduction Distance Education is
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Methodology The research design was
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disagreed. Those who disagreed said
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There is no system of tracking and
Page 603 and 604:
Venkaiah, V. (1995). Quality Assura
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calculated before the completion of
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commitment to completion; previous
Page 609 and 610:
5. Did you withdraw because of prob
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596 • All staff of the university
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Introduction 598 STRENGTHENING AFRI
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Human resources development A key e
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Project co-ordination meetings Proj
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Open and Distance education as prac
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606 2 The unique position of the st
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OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION: A STRA
Page 625 and 626:
Using Nigeria as an example to show
Page 627 and 628:
Definition of Terms Open Learning:
Page 629 and 630:
(Juma, 2003). Examples of these are
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Financing Education worldwide is fu
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THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL OPEN UNIVE
Page 635 and 636:
NOUN’s Vision and Mission Specifi
Page 637 and 638:
Academic support services 622 Acade
Page 639 and 640:
With enhanced quality education, th
Page 641 and 642:
626 SUB THEME V COLLABORATION AND P
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Technologies de l’Information et
Page 645 and 646:
Collaboration The importance attach
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- Self Assessment Exercises (SAEs)
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BEYOND BRICKS, MORTAR AND UNIVERSIT
Page 651 and 652:
inability for many students to comp
Page 653 and 654:
The small post-secondary sector is
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Gaining entry to a university often
Page 657 and 658:
642 • Intranet or Local area netw
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Aigbokhan, B; Imahe, O.J. & Ailemen
Page 661 and 662:
Abstract 646 ENHANCE COHESIVE STREN
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school running is fully displayed i
Page 665 and 666:
week to receive individual tutorial
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International research is a process
Page 669 and 670:
The technical assistance activity w
Page 671 and 672:
different research fields, help pro
Page 673 and 674:
seulement à l’aide de CD ROMs, m
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Abstract OPPORTUNITIES FOR KNOWLEDG
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offered only in public universities
Page 679 and 680:
20. Teofilo Kisanji University (TEK
Page 681 and 682:
References Chabaan, M.A. (1996). En
Page 683 and 684:
training, certificate education and
Page 685 and 686:
Conclusion In the course of providi
Page 687 and 688:
672 EDUCATION, ICT AND THE USE OF M
Page 689 and 690:
In 1998 researchers at the Massachu
Page 691 and 692:
• Confidence could be built among
Page 693 and 694:
Introduction Elearning has the pote
Page 695 and 696:
Internet Usage Statistics: 450,000
Page 697 and 698:
The implementation of the e-learnin
Page 699 and 700:
Communication technologies used in
Page 701 and 702:
Acknowledgement I am grateful to my
Page 703 and 704:
The pillars are; education, governa
Page 705 and 706:
The project started up in Ghana and
Page 707 and 708:
INSTRUCTIONAL SCAFFOLDING: AN EXPER
Page 709 and 710:
Reminder messages were sent 3 days
Page 711 and 712:
elsewhere, designing text messages
Page 713 and 714:
INTERNET VIRTUAL CLASSROOMS IN DEVE
Page 715 and 716:
The challenges of IVC deployment in
Page 717 and 718:
702 M-LEARNING: AN EMERGING TREND I
Page 719 and 720:
Short Message service (S.M.S) - ava
Page 721 and 722:
With the system problems as: - Qual
Page 723 and 724:
THE CONCEPT OF “LEARNING- FIELDS
Page 725 and 726:
Above all, such learning has to imp
Page 727 and 728:
As mentioned earlier above, the tea
Page 729 and 730:
Considering the contents of learnin
Page 731 and 732:
Figure 3 An exemplary learning fiel
Page 733 and 734:
when the situation calls for them.
Page 735 and 736:
Abstract 720 TECHNOLOGICAL AND PEDA
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een produced that can effectively r
Page 739 and 740:
Determining levels of granularity W
Page 741 and 742:
Once each core element of the class
Page 743 and 744:
Figure 8 - Design Challenge: Ensuri
Page 745 and 746:
TEACHING TECHNICAL COURSES THROUGH
Page 747 and 748:
Academic Sessions (A) It is worthy
Page 749 and 750:
This percentage of the left-over is
Page 751 and 752:
E-education, in the personalised we
Page 753 and 754:
According to (Michael 2002, 1993-20
Page 755 and 756:
740 teaching. (Eric Document Reprod
Page 757 and 758:
Introduction The concept of videoco
Page 759 and 760:
evaluation program at higher instit
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est of an organisation. Precisely,
Page 763 and 764:
748 Design & Develop Content Articu
Page 765 and 766:
Students’ Projects Supervision (S
Page 767 and 768:
knowledge of both tacit and explici
Page 769 and 770:
Introduction Education Policy in an
Page 771 and 772:
Therefore, in consonance with the N
Page 773 and 774:
758 • Policy Ideas and Thoughts (
Page 775 and 776:
eveal that a wide gap exist in this
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BARRIERS TO THE USE OF INFORMATION
Page 779 and 780:
Literature Review John Daniel (2006
Page 781 and 782:
Methodology The subjects for the re
Page 783 and 784:
In table 6, respondents identify th
Page 785 and 786:
73.1% (63.3% and 9.8%) for cost of
Page 787 and 788:
772 Anniversary Conference, 23 Augu
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774
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Open and Distance Learning for Sustainable Development

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