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Open and Distance Learning for Sustainable Development

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190<br />

In 2001, National <strong>Open</strong> University of Nigeria was re-established, proving that open <strong>and</strong><br />

distance learning is not only cost- effective, it is also a most appropriate avenue <strong>for</strong> widening<br />

access to education, which has helped to produce a better skilled work<strong>for</strong>ce, which in turn has<br />

led to the growth <strong>and</strong> development of both local <strong>and</strong> national economies. Typically, graduates<br />

of distance education programmes find it easier to participate in the economic mainstream.<br />

Conclusion<br />

<strong>Open</strong> <strong>and</strong> distance learning is important because it allows education to break out of the<br />

vectors of access, quality <strong>and</strong> cost. Attempt has been made to see the use of ODL in training<br />

<strong>and</strong> re-training of teachers. The use of distance education has the potential to distribute<br />

opportunities <strong>for</strong> learning more widely <strong>and</strong> equitably across the teaching <strong>for</strong>ce. It has also<br />

improved the quality <strong>and</strong> variety of the resources <strong>and</strong> support available to teachers, opening<br />

up new avenues to professional development. If social justice is to be achieved, however, in<br />

terms of equity of educational opportunity <strong>and</strong> services, the provision needs to be planned in<br />

ways that make it available, accessible, acceptable, <strong>and</strong> adaptable to all teachers <strong>and</strong> head<br />

teachers, empowering them to make choices in what <strong>and</strong> how they learn. It also needs<br />

enabling policies in support of these aims as well as commitment towards the adequate<br />

implementation of these policies.<br />

References<br />

Aderinoye, R. <strong>and</strong> Ojokheta, K. (2004). <strong>Open</strong>-distance education. Mechanism <strong>for</strong> sustainable<br />

development: Reflections on the Nigerian experience. International Review of Research in<br />

open <strong>and</strong> distance learning. 5 (1).<br />

Bell, R. <strong>and</strong> M. Tight. (1999). 0pen Universities: A British tradition? Society <strong>for</strong> research into<br />

higher education. Birmingham.UK. <strong>Open</strong> University Press<br />

(www.undp.org.info21/public/distance/pb- disc2html).<br />

Calvert, B. (1986). Facilitating transfer on distance courses. Paper presented at the 8 th world<br />

conference on development <strong>and</strong> social opportunity. Delhi, India: <strong>Open</strong> University.<br />

European Commission (2004). European report on quality of school education. Brussels:<br />

Directorate- general <strong>for</strong> education <strong>and</strong> culture, European Commission.<br />

Greenl<strong>and</strong>, J.ed. (1983). The in-service training of primary school teachers in English<br />

Speaking Africa: A report, Basingstoke: Macmillan.<br />

Hammond, L.D. (2000). Teacher quality <strong>and</strong> student achievement: A review of state policy<br />

2000. Education, policy analysis archives 8<br />

http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v8ni/(accessed 24 May 2006).<br />

Mcluhan, M.<strong>and</strong> Powers, B. (1989).The global village: Trans<strong>for</strong>mations in world life in the<br />

21 st century. New York: Ox<strong>for</strong>d University Press.<br />

Perraton, H. Creed, C. <strong>and</strong> Robinson. (2002). Teacher education guidelines: Using open <strong>and</strong><br />

distance learning. Paris: UNESCO.

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