Open and Distance Learning for Sustainable Development

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C o n c l u s i o n For any course or programme, irrespective of the mode of delivery, an institution must be able to demonstrate that: Learning outcomes have been set at the appropriate level and clearly communicated to the learners; content and design of the curriculum and instructional methods employed are effective in enabling the learners to achieve the outcomes in terms of both the acquisition of knowledge and the development of the related practical skills and abilities, and Assessment is appropriately designed and rigorously administered to measure the achievement of the outcomes. In open and distance learning system, these standards are taken steps further because the massification of access has created a rather suspicious view of the system and its advocates, even among academic cycles. Consequently, internal quality assurance mechanisms must be entrenched into all activities that take place within the system such that it translates from a system of quality maintenance into a system characterized by the culture of quality. Thus, activities of ODL institutions such as staff recruitment and selection, curriculum design, course preparation, design and development of self-learning materials, information and knowledge management systems, assignments handling and turn-around-time, course delivery to learners, counselling support, copyright and intellectual property, finance and budgeting, project implementation etc, must all be brought within the purview of a systemic internal quality assurance mechanism which is institution specific, i.e. homegrown, such that the hybrid product that evolves from such an institution will be regarded as the mark of quality and excellence of the open and distance learning system. Distance learning institutions must be willing to formulate and operationalize their own individual notions of quality, they must also be ready to mobilize and sensitize their various constituencies on the imperative of quality management by formulating strategic plans for quality management that will serve as a road map for building a culture of quality in all aspects of institutional functions and activities. References Owlia, M. S. & Aspinwall, E.M. (1996). A framework for the dimensions of quality in higher education, Quality Assurance in Education, 4(2), 12-20. Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (2002). Distance Learning Guidelines retrieved from www.qaa.ac.uk/academicinfrastructure/codeofpractice/distancelearning/defa ult.asp 14th March, 2007. Ekhaguere, G.O.S. (2000). Quality Evaluation Guide. Association of African Universities: Accra.. Ekhaguere, G.O.S. (2005). Developing a Culture of Quality in African Universities. Paper presented at a symposium to mark the African University Day held at the University of Ibadan on 2 nd December. Middlehurst, R. (1992). "Quality: an organising principle for higher education?" Higher Education Qarterly 46(1): 20-38. Afemikhe, O.A. (2004). Quality Assurance in Teacher Education in Nigeria: Reflections of an Evaluator in O.A. Afemikhe and J.G. Adewale, (eds.) Issues in Educational Measurement and Evaluation in Nigeria (pp. 17-26). Ibadan: ERSG. Daniels, J.S. (2006). “Preface” In: B.N. Koul & A. Kanwar (eds.) Towards a Culture of Quality. p.viii. Vancouver: The Commonwealth of Learning. 475
Duncan, W. J. (1978). Organizational Behaviour. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Coy. Publishing Limited. Hope, A. (1999). Quality Assurance In: P. Guiton & A. Hope Strategies for Sustainable Developments in Open and Distance Learning. Vancouver: The Commonwealth of Learning. El-Khawas, E. (1998). Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Recent Rpogess; Challenges Ahead. Presented at the UNESCO World onference on Higher Education, October 5-9, Paris, France. Gaddam, L.R. & Amancha, S. (2005). Six Sigma in Distnace Education - Aroadmap for Breakthrough, presented at the ICDE International Conference November 19-23, New Delhi. Ghotra, B. & Chawla, A.K. (2002). Improving Quality of Open and Distance Education retrieved from http://www.ignou.ac.in/content.htm 14th March 2007. Kanwar, A. (2006). Quality Assurance in Distance Education presented at the Quality Assurance Workshop for Academics and Senior Management Staff of the National open University of Nigeria, May 11. Koul, B.N. (2006). Towards a Culture of Quality in Open and Distance Learning: Present Possibilities In:N. Koul & A. Kanwar (eds.) Towards a Culture of Quality. pp.177-187. Vancouver: The Commonwealth of Learning. Mishra, S. (2006). Quality Assurance in Higher Education: An Introduction. NAAC & COL: Karnataka, Open Distance Learning in Africa: Access, Quality, Success by N Barney Pityana, PhD. Principal and Vice Chancellor. University of South Africa. DRAFT ONLY retrieved from www.unisa.ac.za/contents/about/principle/odl_africa.pdf. 17th October 2006. Olakulehin, F.K. (In Press). Strengthening the Internal Quality Assurance Mechanisms of Open and Distance Learning Systems, accepted for Publication in the 2nd edition of the Encyclopedia of Open and distance Learning. Pityana, B. (2004). Open and Distance Learning in Africa: Access, Quality, Success retrieved from www.unisa.ac.za/contents/about/principle/odl_africa.pdf. Valentine, D. (2002). Distance Learning: Promises, Problems, and Possibilities. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 5(3), 1-11. 476
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2 nd Lagos, Nigeria A C D E C o n f
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Prof. Babatunde Ipaye (Chair, Plann
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Page Foreword i Contents ii - xi CO
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Increasing Teacher Quantity and Qua
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Role of Open / Distance Learning in
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Facilitating the Learning of Wildli
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Ibadan Open Digital Village (IODIV)
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THINKING OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING
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inaugurating at the time from exter
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country would be changed for good a
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Introduction 7 ELEARNING ON THE FAR
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There is a major omission in that d
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There are now close to a hundred of
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2008. We have already done face to
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affordable by students, parents, go
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their communities with no vocationa
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operating grants. A similarly sized
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• Innovation: In North America un
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mercantile investment tools exploit
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THE CHALLENGE OF THE MILLENNIUM DEV
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Quite clearly ODL practices have a
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Distance learning methods can be us
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We should not forget the strength o
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Introduction It is indeed a great p
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estructuring efforts will be geared
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37 Table 4: Internet Penetration in
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Given that ODL is a relatively new
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globalised and competitive world, h
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43 • The sharing of experiences t
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References Arbo, P., & Benneworth,
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Well functioning teacher education
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49 • The possibility of achieving
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51 • Education or professional st
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getting teacher-students to engage
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Thus, if the intention is to prepar
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over 3 three years Trained 1,200 Te
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Purpose-driven programme design inf
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We would argue the need for site-ba
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63 • How will we know whether we
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Robinson, B. & Latchem, C. Eds. (20
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pattern emerging, they need to anal
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Language and National Development N
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These programmes exist in many univ
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Survey Research; Introspection and
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The point made here is that univers
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77 access to French, the language o
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vehicular cross border languages or
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References Bamgbose, A. (1991). Lan
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83 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM INT
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85 • Romania - National Centre fo
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87 Consumption and Production Patte
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the structure to coordinate nationa
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conservation in protected areas and
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mind the colonial and historical le
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involved in the evaluation of cours
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staff and students to information a
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otherwise open and distance learnin
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We agree with Okolie (2003) that th
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means of education to become member
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REFERENCES Adekanmbi, G. (2000). A
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Gravett, S. (2004). Teaching and le
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109 SUB THEME I OPEN & DISTANCE LEA
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Definition of Social Emotional Lear
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1988). The learners in developmenta
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Table 1 Proportional Sampling of Pr
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Confidence 752 4.11 0.91 Independen
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References Association for Childhoo
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QUALITY ASSURANCE IN OPEN AND DISTA
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Concept of Quality Assurance Qualit
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The vision of the National Open Uni
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(e) To provide forum where individu
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AN APPRAISAL OF THE IMPLEMENTATION
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e mo v e d in s p a c e a n d /o r
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T h e o r e t ica l Framework T h e
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h a v e th e larg e s t n u mb e r
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T a b l e 2 : C o mparison o f A d
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I t e m S /N f r o m r e s u l ts i
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141 p o p u l a t io n a d e q u a
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I t e m S /N S p e c if ic a lly, r
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D iscussio n F i v e r e s e a r c
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R e f e r e n c e s A ya d i, Fe l
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traders, unqualified medical worker
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Table 1: Mean, Standard Deviation a
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From table 2 above, it is observed
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ape, drug abuse and in unhealthy se
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Introduction Education has become o
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The Early Childhood Education progr
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In a bid to deliver quality educati
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(a) Self-assessment: These are assi
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OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) AN
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Most of the ODL programmes at the U
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Director but the basic admission le
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THE USE OF AN ONLINE LEARNING SYSTE
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online education, also called dista
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Program Knowledge Performance Learn
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DEED618: College Teaching (CRN# 301
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Dreamweaver, etc. Providing additio
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Table 2 - Ten Largest Distance-lear
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USA Today, April 33, 2008: 6D. Wrig
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systems such as water, and land and
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Teachers face a widening range of d
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189 ii. gender: It is difficult to
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191 Robinson, B. and Colin, L. (200
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University of United Kingdom (OUUK)
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to lack of potential for sustainabi
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elements are: leadership, governmen
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Education for Sustainability Sustai
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The National Teachers’ Institute,
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- The Federal Government directive
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References: Adeagbo, Sen (2004). Co
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Introduction Distance learning is a
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This undeniable huge number of illi
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210 At the level of M.A Urdu in th
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Siddique, H.M. (2004). Distance Lea
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Annexure-3:Table 3 Gender Wise, Lev
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Annexure -8:Table 8 Gender Wise, Le
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9 Education Teacher Pakistan educat
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INCREASING TEACHER QUANTITY AND QUA
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teacher ratios very high (for insta
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Teacher Education in Kenya and Expe
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Postgraduate Diploma in Education (
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228 AN APPRAISAL OF ODL MODEL FOR P
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I n d i s c u s s in g th e po t e
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P u r p o s e of th e s t u d y T h
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D a t a a n a l y s i s B o th q u
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I t e m S / N T a b l e 3 C o m p a
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T a b l e 5 R a t i n g o f a d e q
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l e c t u r e s r e gu l a r l y an
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Figure 1 Summary of panel’s repor
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244 a d e q u a t e f e e d b a c k
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G a b r ie l , A . ( 20 0 0 ) . E -
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Introduction In the recent past, th
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compromise the time and attention t
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The students reported that they had
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TRAINING OF DEVELOPERS OF DISTANCE
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putting in place the SOLACE. Indeed
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Although according to data in the r
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clear policy which addresses a vari
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Republic of Kenya. (1998). Master P
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system, namely making learning flex
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Type 1 Literacy development interve
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268 the Adult Literacy Classroom. A
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AGRICULTURE AND THE MILLENNIUM DEVE
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Developing a global partnership for
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farmer in the Hambantota region saw
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276 RECONSTRUCTING MASCULINITY AND
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power. Power then becomes a weapon
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annunciated by the superpowers. P.
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24. I refer to potentially inhibito
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means that the propositions employe
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Dignity: Human dignity, pursuit of
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sound philosophical foundation to i
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290 INNOVATIVE METHOD OF HIV/AIDS E
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To be certain, the treatment situat
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The course: Management and Care of
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Aderinoye, R. and Ojokheta, K. (200
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This paper explores how the curricu
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300 indirectly by serving as guides
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302 iv. Rehabilitation and empowerm
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FROM EMPOWERMENT TO TRANSFORMATION:
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conception of power according to Pa
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in education. Plagiarising the work
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In Osiki (2007b), it was opined tha
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and caprices of any “military gen
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Osiki, J.O. (2007 b). Empowering Di
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INCORPORATING RELATIONSHIP MARKETIN
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strategic planning, work process, t
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Position Held Frequency Percent Cle
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Most of the customer care given to
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Bbuye, J. (2005) “Distance Educat
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INCREASING NUMBER OF OLDER PERSONS
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of ageing (Omotayo, 2006: 105-107).
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Second Semester 017Theory of Ageing
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OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING: SUCCESS
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opportunities. This is in keeping w
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External problems Energy related pr
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References Adebayo, A. M. (2007a).
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Conceptual issues Open and Ffexible
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Table 1. Applications and admission
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from the epidemic to share their ex
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Jegede, O.J. (2003). Taking the dis
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The foreign learning and teaching s
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The song accompaniment for GST 101
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McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding t
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Introduction Open and Distance Lear
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It includes all the activities aime
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358 contact, less formal methods ar
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360 Training Objective Even though
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1. Technical competency 362 Technic
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2. Training logistics 364 The curri
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Rao, M.K. (1999). A Critical Analys
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vulgarisation agricole et d’ensei
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Open Learning system has emerged as
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For the physically challenged child
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Introduction/historical background
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Academic Manpower in NOUN The Natio
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THE ROLE OF NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSIT
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New venture creation and developmen
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Education is the most important ins
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Mode of Course Delivery Full time a
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Significantly, standards and benchm
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Osei, B., Baah-Nuakoh, A., Tutu, K.
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Introduction The success of every n
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S/N 1 Significance Generally, the m
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and infant mortality. 17 ODL method
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needed information. Assessment acco
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Abstract 398 ROLE OF OPEN AND DISTA
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Studies show that, it is as effecti
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The programme was introduced to tak
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This method allows learners to plan
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demand for providing quality teache
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Convenience with Family and other S
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(49.0%) agreed and 153 (51.0%) disa
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Hypothesis 2 Occupational status of
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Recommendations Open and distance l
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National Teachers’ Institute. (20
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418 Can human beings live long? Can
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17 - 19). Hence, the number of wome
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Ohaegbulem, M. O. (2007). Awareness
Page 439 and 440: Introduction The population growth
Page 441 and 442: However, the ubiquity of ICTs today
Page 443 and 444: 428 • Religion Various religious
Page 445 and 446: Conclusion 430 o Promoting synergis
Page 447 and 448: Abstract 432 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND
Page 449 and 450: Data collection We conducted in-dep
Page 451 and 452: ecause she spent most of the time a
Page 453 and 454: financially well off and he preferr
Page 455 and 456: References Chaudry, P. (1995) Women
Page 457 and 458: University of Nigeria en vue de met
Page 459 and 460: 36 Zamfara 1,630,344 1,629,502 3,25
Page 461 and 462: 446 Total Population of Female in N
Page 463 and 464: Table1.3 Total number of admitted s
Page 465 and 466: ODL if the government can put in pl
Page 467 and 468: 452 SUB THEME III CAPACITY BUILDING
Page 469 and 470: Course Structure of DPE Programme T
Page 471 and 472: Regarding counselling sessions not
Page 473 and 474: BLOGGING AT UNIVERSITY AS A CASE ST
Page 475 and 476: in the past 12 months (i.e., up to
Page 477 and 478: The purpose of the blog should be m
Page 479 and 480: Tables 3 and 4 show samples of blog
Page 481 and 482: Staff are presumably well grounded
Page 483 and 484: Appendix I - Modelling for a pedago
Page 485 and 486: that bear on its ability to satisfy
Page 487 and 488: quality control and accrediting age
Page 489: Further, the characteristics of sof
Page 493 and 494: The Policy of the National Open Uni
Page 495 and 496: those measures is arguable 6 . But
Page 497 and 498: Much of the official attitude (legi
Page 499 and 500: fit to live a law abiding life upon
Page 501 and 502: educational or vocational training
Page 503 and 504: OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) AS STR
Page 505 and 506: imprisoned along with convicted cri
Page 507 and 508: References Heather Menzies Venettee
Page 509 and 510: Mots clés: développement de resou
Page 511 and 512: Results and Findings The National O
Page 513 and 514: The respondents thus identified tha
Page 515 and 516: systematic programme of continuous
Page 517 and 518: Introduction Training as related to
Page 519 and 520: There is therefore the need to prep
Page 521 and 522: • the time lag between learning s
Page 523 and 524: 508 SUB THEME IV Quality Assurance
Page 525 and 526: Project Goal The goal of the projec
Page 527 and 528: 512 students who cannot afford coll
Page 529 and 530: 514 Table 2 Notional Budget Item Am
Page 531 and 532: Introduction Course materials are v
Page 533 and 534: content and construct validity; and
Page 535 and 536: Table 4 Percentage of learners’ r
Page 537 and 538: Discussion Research Question 1 Are
Page 539 and 540: Findings The following were the fin
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CHALLENGES OF QUALITY ASSURANCE IN
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materials (printed texts, video, au
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Introduction In order to create an
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COUNSELLING AS A COMMUNICATION STRA
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In Open and Distance Education, the
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As earlier mentioned, effort is bei
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Conclusion In this paper, the write
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Introduction Open and distance educ
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542 5. There is openness with regar
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etrieval and dissemination of infor
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546 teaching. It is a well designed
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References Akpan. C.P. & Esirah, E.
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FACILITATING THE LEARNING OF WILDLI
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‘graduate attributes’. However
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The subject is broken into three mo
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Assessment of Forum Participation T
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An additional tool is that of chat
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Gilmer, P. (1999). Developing a dis
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Introduction 562 PERSONNEL MANAGEME
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564 • The Managers co-ordinate th
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566 • They produce comprehensive,
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568 (i) Administrators: Administrat
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570 (v) Universities in Canada and
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References 572 (iv) Finally, it is
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professional development, the need
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576 o Portfolios: collection of lea
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we need is to train our people on t
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Introduction Distance Education is
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Methodology The research design was
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disagreed. Those who disagreed said
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There is no system of tracking and
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Venkaiah, V. (1995). Quality Assura
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calculated before the completion of
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commitment to completion; previous
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5. Did you withdraw because of prob
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596 • All staff of the university
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Introduction 598 STRENGTHENING AFRI
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Human resources development A key e
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Project co-ordination meetings Proj
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Open and Distance education as prac
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606 2 The unique position of the st
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OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION: A STRA
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Using Nigeria as an example to show
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Definition of Terms Open Learning:
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(Juma, 2003). Examples of these are
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Financing Education worldwide is fu
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THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL OPEN UNIVE
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NOUN’s Vision and Mission Specifi
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Academic support services 622 Acade
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With enhanced quality education, th
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626 SUB THEME V COLLABORATION AND P
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Technologies de l’Information et
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Collaboration The importance attach
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- Self Assessment Exercises (SAEs)
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BEYOND BRICKS, MORTAR AND UNIVERSIT
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inability for many students to comp
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The small post-secondary sector is
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Gaining entry to a university often
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642 • Intranet or Local area netw
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Aigbokhan, B; Imahe, O.J. & Ailemen
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Abstract 646 ENHANCE COHESIVE STREN
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school running is fully displayed i
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week to receive individual tutorial
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International research is a process
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The technical assistance activity w
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different research fields, help pro
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seulement à l’aide de CD ROMs, m
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Abstract OPPORTUNITIES FOR KNOWLEDG
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offered only in public universities
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20. Teofilo Kisanji University (TEK
Page 681 and 682:
References Chabaan, M.A. (1996). En
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training, certificate education and
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Conclusion In the course of providi
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672 EDUCATION, ICT AND THE USE OF M
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In 1998 researchers at the Massachu
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• Confidence could be built among
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Introduction Elearning has the pote
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Internet Usage Statistics: 450,000
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The implementation of the e-learnin
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Communication technologies used in
Page 701 and 702:
Acknowledgement I am grateful to my
Page 703 and 704:
The pillars are; education, governa
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The project started up in Ghana and
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INSTRUCTIONAL SCAFFOLDING: AN EXPER
Page 709 and 710:
Reminder messages were sent 3 days
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elsewhere, designing text messages
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INTERNET VIRTUAL CLASSROOMS IN DEVE
Page 715 and 716:
The challenges of IVC deployment in
Page 717 and 718:
702 M-LEARNING: AN EMERGING TREND I
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Short Message service (S.M.S) - ava
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With the system problems as: - Qual
Page 723 and 724:
THE CONCEPT OF “LEARNING- FIELDS
Page 725 and 726:
Above all, such learning has to imp
Page 727 and 728:
As mentioned earlier above, the tea
Page 729 and 730:
Considering the contents of learnin
Page 731 and 732:
Figure 3 An exemplary learning fiel
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when the situation calls for them.
Page 735 and 736:
Abstract 720 TECHNOLOGICAL AND PEDA
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een produced that can effectively r
Page 739 and 740:
Determining levels of granularity W
Page 741 and 742:
Once each core element of the class
Page 743 and 744:
Figure 8 - Design Challenge: Ensuri
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TEACHING TECHNICAL COURSES THROUGH
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Academic Sessions (A) It is worthy
Page 749 and 750:
This percentage of the left-over is
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E-education, in the personalised we
Page 753 and 754:
According to (Michael 2002, 1993-20
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740 teaching. (Eric Document Reprod
Page 757 and 758:
Introduction The concept of videoco
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evaluation program at higher instit
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est of an organisation. Precisely,
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748 Design & Develop Content Articu
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Students’ Projects Supervision (S
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knowledge of both tacit and explici
Page 769 and 770:
Introduction Education Policy in an
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Therefore, in consonance with the N
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758 • Policy Ideas and Thoughts (
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eveal that a wide gap exist in this
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BARRIERS TO THE USE OF INFORMATION
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Literature Review John Daniel (2006
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Methodology The subjects for the re
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In table 6, respondents identify th
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73.1% (63.3% and 9.8%) for cost of
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772 Anniversary Conference, 23 Augu
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774
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Open and Distance Learning for Sustainable Development

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