Open and Distance Learning for Sustainable Development

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Developing countries are left with a formidable task – expanding their higher education system and improving quality, all within continuing budgetary constraints. References Abboud, S. R., 2008. Online education gets accolades. Back to College. Retrieved April 28, 2008 from http://www.back2college.com/newsletteroctober1504.htm Aleamoni, L. M., 1987. Techniques for evaluating and improving instruction. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass, Inc. & Jossey Bass Ltd. Daniel, J.S., 1997. Mega universities and knowledge media: Technology strategies for higher education, London. Draves, W. A., 2002. Teaching online, 2 nd ed. River Falls, WI: LERN Books. Esnault, L., 2007. Actor-Network theory and e-learning. International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies, Vol.2. No. 1: p. i Feldman, K.A., and Paulsen, M.B., eds., 1998. Teaching and learning in the college classroom, 2 nd ed.. Needham Heights, MA: Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing. Kemig, R. T., 1983. Raising academic standards: A guide to learning improvement: ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Research Report No. 4. Washington, DC: Association for the Study of Higher Education. Martin, Jr., R.E., Wood, G.H., and Stevens, Jr., E.W. 1988. An introduction to teaching: A question of commitment. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon. McKeachie, W. J., and Svinicki, M. 2005. Teaching tips: Strategies, research and theory for college and university teachers,12 th ed). Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company. McKeachie, W. J. with chapters by Nancy Chism, Robert Menges, Marilla Svinicki, and Claire Ellen Weinstein. 1994. Teaching tips: Strategies, research and theory for college and university teachers ,9 th ed.. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company. Murrell, P. H., and Clarkston, C.S. 1986. Learning styles: Implications for improving educational practices. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 4. Washington, DC: Association for the Study of Higher Education. Normile, D. 1997. Schools ponder new global landscape, Science, 277, July 18, 1997. Page, K., 1996 as cited by Normile, D. Schools ponder new global landscape, Science, 277, July 18, 1997 Pinar, W.F. 1998. Curriculum toward new identity. New York, NY: Garland Publishing, Inc. Shelton, K. and Saltsman, G. 2005. An administrator’s guide to online education. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. Tomlinson, L. M. 1989. Postsecondary developmental programs: A traditional agenda with new imperatives. Report No. 3. Washington, DC: School of Education and Human Development, The George Washington University. 182
USA Today, April 33, 2008: 6D. Wright, V.H., Sunal, C. Z., and Wilson, E. K. 2006. eds.. Research on enhancing the interactivity of online learning. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, p. i. Wright, V.H., Sunal, C. Z., and Wilson, E. K. 2006. (Eds.). Future directions for online learning. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing: 1-4. www.tfhe.net/report/downloads/report/chapter1.pdf) www.mcc.cuny.edu/ITS/MEConline/onlinefaqs.htm) www.back2college.com/newsletteroctober1504.htm 183
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2 nd Lagos, Nigeria A C D E C o n f
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Prof. Babatunde Ipaye (Chair, Plann
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Page Foreword i Contents ii - xi CO
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Increasing Teacher Quantity and Qua
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Role of Open / Distance Learning in
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Facilitating the Learning of Wildli
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Ibadan Open Digital Village (IODIV)
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THINKING OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING
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inaugurating at the time from exter
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country would be changed for good a
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Introduction 7 ELEARNING ON THE FAR
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There is a major omission in that d
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There are now close to a hundred of
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2008. We have already done face to
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affordable by students, parents, go
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their communities with no vocationa
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operating grants. A similarly sized
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• Innovation: In North America un
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mercantile investment tools exploit
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THE CHALLENGE OF THE MILLENNIUM DEV
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Quite clearly ODL practices have a
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Distance learning methods can be us
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We should not forget the strength o
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Introduction It is indeed a great p
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estructuring efforts will be geared
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37 Table 4: Internet Penetration in
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Given that ODL is a relatively new
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globalised and competitive world, h
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43 • The sharing of experiences t
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References Arbo, P., & Benneworth,
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Well functioning teacher education
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49 • The possibility of achieving
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51 • Education or professional st
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getting teacher-students to engage
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Thus, if the intention is to prepar
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over 3 three years Trained 1,200 Te
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Purpose-driven programme design inf
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We would argue the need for site-ba
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63 • How will we know whether we
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Robinson, B. & Latchem, C. Eds. (20
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pattern emerging, they need to anal
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Language and National Development N
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These programmes exist in many univ
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Survey Research; Introspection and
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The point made here is that univers
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77 access to French, the language o
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vehicular cross border languages or
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References Bamgbose, A. (1991). Lan
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83 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM INT
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85 • Romania - National Centre fo
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87 Consumption and Production Patte
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the structure to coordinate nationa
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conservation in protected areas and
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mind the colonial and historical le
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involved in the evaluation of cours
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staff and students to information a
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otherwise open and distance learnin
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We agree with Okolie (2003) that th
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means of education to become member
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REFERENCES Adekanmbi, G. (2000). A
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Gravett, S. (2004). Teaching and le
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109 SUB THEME I OPEN & DISTANCE LEA
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Definition of Social Emotional Lear
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1988). The learners in developmenta
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Table 1 Proportional Sampling of Pr
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Confidence 752 4.11 0.91 Independen
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References Association for Childhoo
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QUALITY ASSURANCE IN OPEN AND DISTA
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Concept of Quality Assurance Qualit
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The vision of the National Open Uni
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(e) To provide forum where individu
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AN APPRAISAL OF THE IMPLEMENTATION
Page 145 and 146: e mo v e d in s p a c e a n d /o r
Page 147 and 148: T h e o r e t ica l Framework T h e
Page 149 and 150: h a v e th e larg e s t n u mb e r
Page 151 and 152: T a b l e 2 : C o mparison o f A d
Page 153 and 154: I t e m S /N f r o m r e s u l ts i
Page 155 and 156: 141 p o p u l a t io n a d e q u a
Page 157 and 158: I t e m S /N S p e c if ic a lly, r
Page 159 and 160: D iscussio n F i v e r e s e a r c
Page 161 and 162: R e f e r e n c e s A ya d i, Fe l
Page 163 and 164: traders, unqualified medical worker
Page 165 and 166: Table 1: Mean, Standard Deviation a
Page 167 and 168: From table 2 above, it is observed
Page 169 and 170: ape, drug abuse and in unhealthy se
Page 171 and 172: Introduction Education has become o
Page 173 and 174: The Early Childhood Education progr
Page 175 and 176: In a bid to deliver quality educati
Page 177 and 178: (a) Self-assessment: These are assi
Page 179 and 180: OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) AN
Page 181 and 182: Most of the ODL programmes at the U
Page 183 and 184: Director but the basic admission le
Page 185 and 186: THE USE OF AN ONLINE LEARNING SYSTE
Page 187 and 188: online education, also called dista
Page 189 and 190: Program Knowledge Performance Learn
Page 191 and 192: DEED618: College Teaching (CRN# 301
Page 193 and 194: Dreamweaver, etc. Providing additio
Page 195: Table 2 - Ten Largest Distance-lear
Page 199 and 200: systems such as water, and land and
Page 201 and 202: Teachers face a widening range of d
Page 203 and 204: 189 ii. gender: It is difficult to
Page 205 and 206: 191 Robinson, B. and Colin, L. (200
Page 207 and 208: University of United Kingdom (OUUK)
Page 209 and 210: to lack of potential for sustainabi
Page 211 and 212: elements are: leadership, governmen
Page 213 and 214: Education for Sustainability Sustai
Page 215 and 216: The National Teachers’ Institute,
Page 217 and 218: - The Federal Government directive
Page 219 and 220: References: Adeagbo, Sen (2004). Co
Page 221 and 222: Introduction Distance learning is a
Page 223 and 224: This undeniable huge number of illi
Page 225 and 226: 210 At the level of M.A Urdu in th
Page 227 and 228: Siddique, H.M. (2004). Distance Lea
Page 229 and 230: Annexure-3:Table 3 Gender Wise, Lev
Page 231 and 232: Annexure -8:Table 8 Gender Wise, Le
Page 233 and 234: 9 Education Teacher Pakistan educat
Page 235 and 236: INCREASING TEACHER QUANTITY AND QUA
Page 237 and 238: teacher ratios very high (for insta
Page 239 and 240: Teacher Education in Kenya and Expe
Page 241 and 242: Postgraduate Diploma in Education (
Page 243 and 244: 228 AN APPRAISAL OF ODL MODEL FOR P
Page 245 and 246: I n d i s c u s s in g th e po t e
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P u r p o s e of th e s t u d y T h
Page 249 and 250:
D a t a a n a l y s i s B o th q u
Page 251 and 252:
I t e m S / N T a b l e 3 C o m p a
Page 253 and 254:
T a b l e 5 R a t i n g o f a d e q
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l e c t u r e s r e gu l a r l y an
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Figure 1 Summary of panel’s repor
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244 a d e q u a t e f e e d b a c k
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G a b r ie l , A . ( 20 0 0 ) . E -
Page 263 and 264:
Introduction In the recent past, th
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compromise the time and attention t
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The students reported that they had
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TRAINING OF DEVELOPERS OF DISTANCE
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putting in place the SOLACE. Indeed
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Although according to data in the r
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clear policy which addresses a vari
Page 277 and 278:
Republic of Kenya. (1998). Master P
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system, namely making learning flex
Page 281 and 282:
Type 1 Literacy development interve
Page 283 and 284:
268 the Adult Literacy Classroom. A
Page 285 and 286:
AGRICULTURE AND THE MILLENNIUM DEVE
Page 287 and 288:
Developing a global partnership for
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farmer in the Hambantota region saw
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276 RECONSTRUCTING MASCULINITY AND
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power. Power then becomes a weapon
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annunciated by the superpowers. P.
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24. I refer to potentially inhibito
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means that the propositions employe
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Dignity: Human dignity, pursuit of
Page 303 and 304:
sound philosophical foundation to i
Page 305 and 306:
290 INNOVATIVE METHOD OF HIV/AIDS E
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To be certain, the treatment situat
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The course: Management and Care of
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Aderinoye, R. and Ojokheta, K. (200
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This paper explores how the curricu
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300 indirectly by serving as guides
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302 iv. Rehabilitation and empowerm
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FROM EMPOWERMENT TO TRANSFORMATION:
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conception of power according to Pa
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in education. Plagiarising the work
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In Osiki (2007b), it was opined tha
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and caprices of any “military gen
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Osiki, J.O. (2007 b). Empowering Di
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INCORPORATING RELATIONSHIP MARKETIN
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strategic planning, work process, t
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Position Held Frequency Percent Cle
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Most of the customer care given to
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Bbuye, J. (2005) “Distance Educat
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INCREASING NUMBER OF OLDER PERSONS
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of ageing (Omotayo, 2006: 105-107).
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Second Semester 017Theory of Ageing
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OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING: SUCCESS
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opportunities. This is in keeping w
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External problems Energy related pr
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References Adebayo, A. M. (2007a).
Page 355 and 356:
Conceptual issues Open and Ffexible
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Table 1. Applications and admission
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from the epidemic to share their ex
Page 361 and 362:
Jegede, O.J. (2003). Taking the dis
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The foreign learning and teaching s
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The song accompaniment for GST 101
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McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding t
Page 369 and 370:
Introduction Open and Distance Lear
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It includes all the activities aime
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358 contact, less formal methods ar
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360 Training Objective Even though
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1. Technical competency 362 Technic
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2. Training logistics 364 The curri
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Rao, M.K. (1999). A Critical Analys
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vulgarisation agricole et d’ensei
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Open Learning system has emerged as
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For the physically challenged child
Page 389 and 390:
Introduction/historical background
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Academic Manpower in NOUN The Natio
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THE ROLE OF NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSIT
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New venture creation and developmen
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Education is the most important ins
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Mode of Course Delivery Full time a
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Significantly, standards and benchm
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Osei, B., Baah-Nuakoh, A., Tutu, K.
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Introduction The success of every n
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S/N 1 Significance Generally, the m
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and infant mortality. 17 ODL method
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needed information. Assessment acco
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Abstract 398 ROLE OF OPEN AND DISTA
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Studies show that, it is as effecti
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The programme was introduced to tak
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This method allows learners to plan
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demand for providing quality teache
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Convenience with Family and other S
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(49.0%) agreed and 153 (51.0%) disa
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Hypothesis 2 Occupational status of
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Recommendations Open and distance l
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National Teachers’ Institute. (20
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418 Can human beings live long? Can
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17 - 19). Hence, the number of wome
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Ohaegbulem, M. O. (2007). Awareness
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Introduction The population growth
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However, the ubiquity of ICTs today
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428 • Religion Various religious
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Conclusion 430 o Promoting synergis
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Abstract 432 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND
Page 449 and 450:
Data collection We conducted in-dep
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ecause she spent most of the time a
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financially well off and he preferr
Page 455 and 456:
References Chaudry, P. (1995) Women
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University of Nigeria en vue de met
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36 Zamfara 1,630,344 1,629,502 3,25
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446 Total Population of Female in N
Page 463 and 464:
Table1.3 Total number of admitted s
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ODL if the government can put in pl
Page 467 and 468:
452 SUB THEME III CAPACITY BUILDING
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Course Structure of DPE Programme T
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Regarding counselling sessions not
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BLOGGING AT UNIVERSITY AS A CASE ST
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in the past 12 months (i.e., up to
Page 477 and 478:
The purpose of the blog should be m
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Tables 3 and 4 show samples of blog
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Staff are presumably well grounded
Page 483 and 484:
Appendix I - Modelling for a pedago
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that bear on its ability to satisfy
Page 487 and 488:
quality control and accrediting age
Page 489 and 490:
Further, the characteristics of sof
Page 491 and 492:
Duncan, W. J. (1978). Organizationa
Page 493 and 494:
The Policy of the National Open Uni
Page 495 and 496:
those measures is arguable 6 . But
Page 497 and 498:
Much of the official attitude (legi
Page 499 and 500:
fit to live a law abiding life upon
Page 501 and 502:
educational or vocational training
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OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) AS STR
Page 505 and 506:
imprisoned along with convicted cri
Page 507 and 508:
References Heather Menzies Venettee
Page 509 and 510:
Mots clés: développement de resou
Page 511 and 512:
Results and Findings The National O
Page 513 and 514:
The respondents thus identified tha
Page 515 and 516:
systematic programme of continuous
Page 517 and 518:
Introduction Training as related to
Page 519 and 520:
There is therefore the need to prep
Page 521 and 522:
• the time lag between learning s
Page 523 and 524:
508 SUB THEME IV Quality Assurance
Page 525 and 526:
Project Goal The goal of the projec
Page 527 and 528:
512 students who cannot afford coll
Page 529 and 530:
514 Table 2 Notional Budget Item Am
Page 531 and 532:
Introduction Course materials are v
Page 533 and 534:
content and construct validity; and
Page 535 and 536:
Table 4 Percentage of learners’ r
Page 537 and 538:
Discussion Research Question 1 Are
Page 539 and 540:
Findings The following were the fin
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CHALLENGES OF QUALITY ASSURANCE IN
Page 543 and 544:
materials (printed texts, video, au
Page 545 and 546:
Introduction In order to create an
Page 547 and 548:
COUNSELLING AS A COMMUNICATION STRA
Page 549 and 550:
In Open and Distance Education, the
Page 551 and 552:
As earlier mentioned, effort is bei
Page 553 and 554:
Conclusion In this paper, the write
Page 555 and 556:
Introduction Open and distance educ
Page 557 and 558:
542 5. There is openness with regar
Page 559 and 560:
etrieval and dissemination of infor
Page 561 and 562:
546 teaching. It is a well designed
Page 563 and 564:
References Akpan. C.P. & Esirah, E.
Page 565 and 566:
FACILITATING THE LEARNING OF WILDLI
Page 567 and 568:
‘graduate attributes’. However
Page 569 and 570:
The subject is broken into three mo
Page 571 and 572:
Assessment of Forum Participation T
Page 573 and 574:
An additional tool is that of chat
Page 575 and 576:
Gilmer, P. (1999). Developing a dis
Page 577 and 578:
Introduction 562 PERSONNEL MANAGEME
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564 • The Managers co-ordinate th
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566 • They produce comprehensive,
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568 (i) Administrators: Administrat
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570 (v) Universities in Canada and
Page 587 and 588:
References 572 (iv) Finally, it is
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professional development, the need
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576 o Portfolios: collection of lea
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we need is to train our people on t
Page 595 and 596:
Introduction Distance Education is
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Methodology The research design was
Page 599 and 600:
disagreed. Those who disagreed said
Page 601 and 602:
There is no system of tracking and
Page 603 and 604:
Venkaiah, V. (1995). Quality Assura
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calculated before the completion of
Page 607 and 608:
commitment to completion; previous
Page 609 and 610:
5. Did you withdraw because of prob
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596 • All staff of the university
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Introduction 598 STRENGTHENING AFRI
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Human resources development A key e
Page 617 and 618:
Project co-ordination meetings Proj
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Open and Distance education as prac
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606 2 The unique position of the st
Page 623 and 624:
OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION: A STRA
Page 625 and 626:
Using Nigeria as an example to show
Page 627 and 628:
Definition of Terms Open Learning:
Page 629 and 630:
(Juma, 2003). Examples of these are
Page 631 and 632:
Financing Education worldwide is fu
Page 633 and 634:
THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL OPEN UNIVE
Page 635 and 636:
NOUN’s Vision and Mission Specifi
Page 637 and 638:
Academic support services 622 Acade
Page 639 and 640:
With enhanced quality education, th
Page 641 and 642:
626 SUB THEME V COLLABORATION AND P
Page 643 and 644:
Technologies de l’Information et
Page 645 and 646:
Collaboration The importance attach
Page 647 and 648:
- Self Assessment Exercises (SAEs)
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BEYOND BRICKS, MORTAR AND UNIVERSIT
Page 651 and 652:
inability for many students to comp
Page 653 and 654:
The small post-secondary sector is
Page 655 and 656:
Gaining entry to a university often
Page 657 and 658:
642 • Intranet or Local area netw
Page 659 and 660:
Aigbokhan, B; Imahe, O.J. & Ailemen
Page 661 and 662:
Abstract 646 ENHANCE COHESIVE STREN
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school running is fully displayed i
Page 665 and 666:
week to receive individual tutorial
Page 667 and 668:
International research is a process
Page 669 and 670:
The technical assistance activity w
Page 671 and 672:
different research fields, help pro
Page 673 and 674:
seulement à l’aide de CD ROMs, m
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Abstract OPPORTUNITIES FOR KNOWLEDG
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offered only in public universities
Page 679 and 680:
20. Teofilo Kisanji University (TEK
Page 681 and 682:
References Chabaan, M.A. (1996). En
Page 683 and 684:
training, certificate education and
Page 685 and 686:
Conclusion In the course of providi
Page 687 and 688:
672 EDUCATION, ICT AND THE USE OF M
Page 689 and 690:
In 1998 researchers at the Massachu
Page 691 and 692:
• Confidence could be built among
Page 693 and 694:
Introduction Elearning has the pote
Page 695 and 696:
Internet Usage Statistics: 450,000
Page 697 and 698:
The implementation of the e-learnin
Page 699 and 700:
Communication technologies used in
Page 701 and 702:
Acknowledgement I am grateful to my
Page 703 and 704:
The pillars are; education, governa
Page 705 and 706:
The project started up in Ghana and
Page 707 and 708:
INSTRUCTIONAL SCAFFOLDING: AN EXPER
Page 709 and 710:
Reminder messages were sent 3 days
Page 711 and 712:
elsewhere, designing text messages
Page 713 and 714:
INTERNET VIRTUAL CLASSROOMS IN DEVE
Page 715 and 716:
The challenges of IVC deployment in
Page 717 and 718:
702 M-LEARNING: AN EMERGING TREND I
Page 719 and 720:
Short Message service (S.M.S) - ava
Page 721 and 722:
With the system problems as: - Qual
Page 723 and 724:
THE CONCEPT OF “LEARNING- FIELDS
Page 725 and 726:
Above all, such learning has to imp
Page 727 and 728:
As mentioned earlier above, the tea
Page 729 and 730:
Considering the contents of learnin
Page 731 and 732:
Figure 3 An exemplary learning fiel
Page 733 and 734:
when the situation calls for them.
Page 735 and 736:
Abstract 720 TECHNOLOGICAL AND PEDA
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een produced that can effectively r
Page 739 and 740:
Determining levels of granularity W
Page 741 and 742:
Once each core element of the class
Page 743 and 744:
Figure 8 - Design Challenge: Ensuri
Page 745 and 746:
TEACHING TECHNICAL COURSES THROUGH
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Academic Sessions (A) It is worthy
Page 749 and 750:
This percentage of the left-over is
Page 751 and 752:
E-education, in the personalised we
Page 753 and 754:
According to (Michael 2002, 1993-20
Page 755 and 756:
740 teaching. (Eric Document Reprod
Page 757 and 758:
Introduction The concept of videoco
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evaluation program at higher instit
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est of an organisation. Precisely,
Page 763 and 764:
748 Design & Develop Content Articu
Page 765 and 766:
Students’ Projects Supervision (S
Page 767 and 768:
knowledge of both tacit and explici
Page 769 and 770:
Introduction Education Policy in an
Page 771 and 772:
Therefore, in consonance with the N
Page 773 and 774:
758 • Policy Ideas and Thoughts (
Page 775 and 776:
eveal that a wide gap exist in this
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BARRIERS TO THE USE OF INFORMATION
Page 779 and 780:
Literature Review John Daniel (2006
Page 781 and 782:
Methodology The subjects for the re
Page 783 and 784:
In table 6, respondents identify th
Page 785 and 786:
73.1% (63.3% and 9.8%) for cost of
Page 787 and 788:
772 Anniversary Conference, 23 Augu
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774
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Open and Distance Learning for Sustainable Development

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