Open and Distance Learning for Sustainable Development

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Count 621 7000 6500 6000 5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Source– National Open University of Nigeria Student Registration Data Base 12 TH May,2008 Table 1 and Figure 1 above show both tabular and graphical expressions of the population of National Open University of Nigeria students. Figure 1 displays the students’ population on the basis of age in the academic sessions of 2003/2004,2005/2006 and 2007/2008. Students in the 2003/2004 and 2006/2006 had written some of the university examinations while students in the 2007/2008 had done their matriculation. But some of them are still going through the registration exercise and as such have not written any examination. This group of students have registered and collected their study materials. The table and figure show that the majority of the work and learn students in NOUN are between the ages 23-48 years while students in ages 17-22 are more in number than students in ages 54-69. More male students are identified to be involved in the work and learn programme than female students Table1 and Figure 1 are clear indications that several students are combining work with studies at the same time. However, the number of the mature work and learn students is more than the number of the students who are relatively young and are just graduating from the secondary schools. As young as they are, they combine studies with work in order to care for themselves and at the same time improve their educational standard. The role of NOUN in providing enhanced quality education At present, NOUN is the only federal government established single-mode tertiary institution in Nigeria that is dedicated to quality open access education through distance learning (Jegede, 2003:10). Management practices in NOUN are strictly and consistently aimed at achieving quality education which takes into cognisance the global perspective of what quality education should be on one hand, and on the other, synchronises the effort and aspiration of the Nigerian nation which is clearly stated in the nation’s educational policy. In specific terms, the National Open University of Nigeria is playing a good role by paying attention to the following important areas that can enhance the quality of education among the work and learn student population. The areas are: Academic interactions Fig. 1 Work and Learn NOUN Student Distribution By Age and Gender 17-22 23-27 28-33 34-38 39-43 44-48 49-53 54-58 59-63 64-69 Above 2003/2004 Male 2003/2004 Female Age category 70 2005/2006 Male 2005/2006 Female 2007/2008 Male 2007/2008 Female • Use of self instructional learning materials through access devices and learner activities • Use of Tutor-Marked Assignments • Inclusion of tutor comments in the assignments • Introduction of individual and group project • Introduction of practicals and field work
Academic support services 622 Academic Support Services are rendered to the students to provide guidance in regulating or checking students’ activities in the following areas. • Inadequate level of students preparedness • Poor study and reading skills • Poor time management skills • Pressure of time (adult learners are on jobs and have family obligations) • State of isolation, where there is no peer pressure. • High level of anxiety/frustration • Bad choices of programmes/courses • Readability and assimilation level of course materials • Nature and level of assignments Regular interaction with the students. NOUN ensures that there is regular interaction with the students either by phone, face to face or through the use of internet which eventually helps learners to achieve the following • Get introduced to the course effectively, • Divide course work appropriately so that studies can get better organised • Make studies and learning to be more stimulating • Correct learners when they go wrong • Reinforce learning with encouragement • Apply learning to real or hypothetical problems • Revision of course material becomes easier • Build purposeful relations between learners and the institution • Provide contact between learners, the tutors and the institutions( tutorial, laboratory work , etc) • Provide communication between the learners, the tutors and the institution (assignments, project) • Aid continuous and uninterrupted non-time bound interaction with counsellors during which the counsellors provide help to the students on issues like, taking appropriate decisions about time management, social concerns and encouraging self motivation. Media for counselling The media for counselling are effectively serviced and utilised by the university. Through each medium, appropriate support staff, tutorial facilitators, counsellors, information technologist and library staff provide information twenty four hours and seven days in a week to students . They also help to monitor and encourage students in what they do from time to time. The available functional media are as follows: • Face to face interaction • Telephone contact • Writing letters • Audio cassettes • Video CD • Radio broadcast • Online synchronous mode of interaction • Online asynchronous mode of interaction
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2 nd Lagos, Nigeria A C D E C o n f
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Prof. Babatunde Ipaye (Chair, Plann
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Page Foreword i Contents ii - xi CO
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Increasing Teacher Quantity and Qua
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Role of Open / Distance Learning in
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Facilitating the Learning of Wildli
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Ibadan Open Digital Village (IODIV)
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THINKING OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING
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inaugurating at the time from exter
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country would be changed for good a
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Introduction 7 ELEARNING ON THE FAR
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There is a major omission in that d
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There are now close to a hundred of
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2008. We have already done face to
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affordable by students, parents, go
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their communities with no vocationa
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operating grants. A similarly sized
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• Innovation: In North America un
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mercantile investment tools exploit
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THE CHALLENGE OF THE MILLENNIUM DEV
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Quite clearly ODL practices have a
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Distance learning methods can be us
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We should not forget the strength o
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Introduction It is indeed a great p
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estructuring efforts will be geared
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37 Table 4: Internet Penetration in
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Given that ODL is a relatively new
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globalised and competitive world, h
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43 • The sharing of experiences t
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References Arbo, P., & Benneworth,
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Well functioning teacher education
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49 • The possibility of achieving
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51 • Education or professional st
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getting teacher-students to engage
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Thus, if the intention is to prepar
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over 3 three years Trained 1,200 Te
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Purpose-driven programme design inf
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We would argue the need for site-ba
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63 • How will we know whether we
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Robinson, B. & Latchem, C. Eds. (20
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pattern emerging, they need to anal
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Language and National Development N
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These programmes exist in many univ
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Survey Research; Introspection and
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The point made here is that univers
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77 access to French, the language o
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vehicular cross border languages or
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References Bamgbose, A. (1991). Lan
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83 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM INT
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85 • Romania - National Centre fo
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87 Consumption and Production Patte
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the structure to coordinate nationa
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conservation in protected areas and
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mind the colonial and historical le
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involved in the evaluation of cours
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staff and students to information a
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otherwise open and distance learnin
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We agree with Okolie (2003) that th
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means of education to become member
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REFERENCES Adekanmbi, G. (2000). A
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Gravett, S. (2004). Teaching and le
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109 SUB THEME I OPEN & DISTANCE LEA
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Definition of Social Emotional Lear
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1988). The learners in developmenta
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Table 1 Proportional Sampling of Pr
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Confidence 752 4.11 0.91 Independen
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References Association for Childhoo
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QUALITY ASSURANCE IN OPEN AND DISTA
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Concept of Quality Assurance Qualit
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The vision of the National Open Uni
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(e) To provide forum where individu
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AN APPRAISAL OF THE IMPLEMENTATION
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e mo v e d in s p a c e a n d /o r
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T h e o r e t ica l Framework T h e
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h a v e th e larg e s t n u mb e r
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T a b l e 2 : C o mparison o f A d
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I t e m S /N f r o m r e s u l ts i
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141 p o p u l a t io n a d e q u a
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I t e m S /N S p e c if ic a lly, r
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D iscussio n F i v e r e s e a r c
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R e f e r e n c e s A ya d i, Fe l
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traders, unqualified medical worker
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Table 1: Mean, Standard Deviation a
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From table 2 above, it is observed
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ape, drug abuse and in unhealthy se
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Introduction Education has become o
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The Early Childhood Education progr
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In a bid to deliver quality educati
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(a) Self-assessment: These are assi
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OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) AN
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Most of the ODL programmes at the U
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Director but the basic admission le
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THE USE OF AN ONLINE LEARNING SYSTE
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online education, also called dista
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Program Knowledge Performance Learn
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DEED618: College Teaching (CRN# 301
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Dreamweaver, etc. Providing additio
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Table 2 - Ten Largest Distance-lear
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USA Today, April 33, 2008: 6D. Wrig
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systems such as water, and land and
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Teachers face a widening range of d
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189 ii. gender: It is difficult to
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191 Robinson, B. and Colin, L. (200
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University of United Kingdom (OUUK)
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to lack of potential for sustainabi
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elements are: leadership, governmen
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Education for Sustainability Sustai
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The National Teachers’ Institute,
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- The Federal Government directive
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References: Adeagbo, Sen (2004). Co
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Introduction Distance learning is a
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This undeniable huge number of illi
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210 At the level of M.A Urdu in th
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Siddique, H.M. (2004). Distance Lea
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Annexure-3:Table 3 Gender Wise, Lev
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Annexure -8:Table 8 Gender Wise, Le
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9 Education Teacher Pakistan educat
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INCREASING TEACHER QUANTITY AND QUA
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teacher ratios very high (for insta
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Teacher Education in Kenya and Expe
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Postgraduate Diploma in Education (
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228 AN APPRAISAL OF ODL MODEL FOR P
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I n d i s c u s s in g th e po t e
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P u r p o s e of th e s t u d y T h
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D a t a a n a l y s i s B o th q u
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I t e m S / N T a b l e 3 C o m p a
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T a b l e 5 R a t i n g o f a d e q
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l e c t u r e s r e gu l a r l y an
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Figure 1 Summary of panel’s repor
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244 a d e q u a t e f e e d b a c k
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G a b r ie l , A . ( 20 0 0 ) . E -
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Introduction In the recent past, th
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compromise the time and attention t
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The students reported that they had
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TRAINING OF DEVELOPERS OF DISTANCE
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putting in place the SOLACE. Indeed
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Although according to data in the r
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clear policy which addresses a vari
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Republic of Kenya. (1998). Master P
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system, namely making learning flex
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Type 1 Literacy development interve
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268 the Adult Literacy Classroom. A
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AGRICULTURE AND THE MILLENNIUM DEVE
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Developing a global partnership for
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farmer in the Hambantota region saw
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276 RECONSTRUCTING MASCULINITY AND
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power. Power then becomes a weapon
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annunciated by the superpowers. P.
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24. I refer to potentially inhibito
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means that the propositions employe
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Dignity: Human dignity, pursuit of
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sound philosophical foundation to i
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290 INNOVATIVE METHOD OF HIV/AIDS E
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To be certain, the treatment situat
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The course: Management and Care of
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Aderinoye, R. and Ojokheta, K. (200
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This paper explores how the curricu
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300 indirectly by serving as guides
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302 iv. Rehabilitation and empowerm
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FROM EMPOWERMENT TO TRANSFORMATION:
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conception of power according to Pa
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in education. Plagiarising the work
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In Osiki (2007b), it was opined tha
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and caprices of any “military gen
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Osiki, J.O. (2007 b). Empowering Di
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INCORPORATING RELATIONSHIP MARKETIN
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strategic planning, work process, t
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Position Held Frequency Percent Cle
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Most of the customer care given to
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Bbuye, J. (2005) “Distance Educat
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INCREASING NUMBER OF OLDER PERSONS
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of ageing (Omotayo, 2006: 105-107).
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Second Semester 017Theory of Ageing
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OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING: SUCCESS
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opportunities. This is in keeping w
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External problems Energy related pr
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References Adebayo, A. M. (2007a).
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Conceptual issues Open and Ffexible
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Table 1. Applications and admission
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from the epidemic to share their ex
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Jegede, O.J. (2003). Taking the dis
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The foreign learning and teaching s
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The song accompaniment for GST 101
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McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding t
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Introduction Open and Distance Lear
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It includes all the activities aime
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358 contact, less formal methods ar
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360 Training Objective Even though
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1. Technical competency 362 Technic
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2. Training logistics 364 The curri
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Rao, M.K. (1999). A Critical Analys
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vulgarisation agricole et d’ensei
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Open Learning system has emerged as
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For the physically challenged child
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Introduction/historical background
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Academic Manpower in NOUN The Natio
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THE ROLE OF NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSIT
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New venture creation and developmen
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Education is the most important ins
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Mode of Course Delivery Full time a
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Significantly, standards and benchm
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Osei, B., Baah-Nuakoh, A., Tutu, K.
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Introduction The success of every n
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S/N 1 Significance Generally, the m
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and infant mortality. 17 ODL method
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needed information. Assessment acco
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Abstract 398 ROLE OF OPEN AND DISTA
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Studies show that, it is as effecti
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The programme was introduced to tak
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This method allows learners to plan
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demand for providing quality teache
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Convenience with Family and other S
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(49.0%) agreed and 153 (51.0%) disa
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Hypothesis 2 Occupational status of
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Recommendations Open and distance l
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National Teachers’ Institute. (20
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418 Can human beings live long? Can
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17 - 19). Hence, the number of wome
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Ohaegbulem, M. O. (2007). Awareness
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Introduction The population growth
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However, the ubiquity of ICTs today
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428 • Religion Various religious
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Conclusion 430 o Promoting synergis
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Abstract 432 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND
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Data collection We conducted in-dep
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ecause she spent most of the time a
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financially well off and he preferr
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References Chaudry, P. (1995) Women
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University of Nigeria en vue de met
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36 Zamfara 1,630,344 1,629,502 3,25
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446 Total Population of Female in N
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Table1.3 Total number of admitted s
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ODL if the government can put in pl
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452 SUB THEME III CAPACITY BUILDING
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Course Structure of DPE Programme T
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Regarding counselling sessions not
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BLOGGING AT UNIVERSITY AS A CASE ST
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in the past 12 months (i.e., up to
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The purpose of the blog should be m
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Tables 3 and 4 show samples of blog
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Staff are presumably well grounded
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Appendix I - Modelling for a pedago
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that bear on its ability to satisfy
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quality control and accrediting age
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Further, the characteristics of sof
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Duncan, W. J. (1978). Organizationa
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The Policy of the National Open Uni
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those measures is arguable 6 . But
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Much of the official attitude (legi
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fit to live a law abiding life upon
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educational or vocational training
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OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) AS STR
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imprisoned along with convicted cri
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References Heather Menzies Venettee
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Mots clés: développement de resou
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Results and Findings The National O
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The respondents thus identified tha
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systematic programme of continuous
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Introduction Training as related to
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There is therefore the need to prep
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• the time lag between learning s
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508 SUB THEME IV Quality Assurance
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Project Goal The goal of the projec
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512 students who cannot afford coll
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514 Table 2 Notional Budget Item Am
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Introduction Course materials are v
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content and construct validity; and
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Table 4 Percentage of learners’ r
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Discussion Research Question 1 Are
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Findings The following were the fin
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CHALLENGES OF QUALITY ASSURANCE IN
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materials (printed texts, video, au
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Introduction In order to create an
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COUNSELLING AS A COMMUNICATION STRA
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In Open and Distance Education, the
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As earlier mentioned, effort is bei
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Conclusion In this paper, the write
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Introduction Open and distance educ
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542 5. There is openness with regar
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etrieval and dissemination of infor
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546 teaching. It is a well designed
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References Akpan. C.P. & Esirah, E.
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FACILITATING THE LEARNING OF WILDLI
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‘graduate attributes’. However
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The subject is broken into three mo
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Assessment of Forum Participation T
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An additional tool is that of chat
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Gilmer, P. (1999). Developing a dis
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Introduction 562 PERSONNEL MANAGEME
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564 • The Managers co-ordinate th
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566 • They produce comprehensive,
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568 (i) Administrators: Administrat
Page 585 and 586: 570 (v) Universities in Canada and
Page 587 and 588: References 572 (iv) Finally, it is
Page 589 and 590: professional development, the need
Page 591 and 592: 576 o Portfolios: collection of lea
Page 593 and 594: we need is to train our people on t
Page 595 and 596: Introduction Distance Education is
Page 597 and 598: Methodology The research design was
Page 599 and 600: disagreed. Those who disagreed said
Page 601 and 602: There is no system of tracking and
Page 603 and 604: Venkaiah, V. (1995). Quality Assura
Page 605 and 606: calculated before the completion of
Page 607 and 608: commitment to completion; previous
Page 609 and 610: 5. Did you withdraw because of prob
Page 611 and 612: 596 • All staff of the university
Page 613 and 614: Introduction 598 STRENGTHENING AFRI
Page 615 and 616: Human resources development A key e
Page 617 and 618: Project co-ordination meetings Proj
Page 619 and 620: Open and Distance education as prac
Page 621 and 622: 606 2 The unique position of the st
Page 623 and 624: OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION: A STRA
Page 625 and 626: Using Nigeria as an example to show
Page 627 and 628: Definition of Terms Open Learning:
Page 629 and 630: (Juma, 2003). Examples of these are
Page 631 and 632: Financing Education worldwide is fu
Page 633 and 634: THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL OPEN UNIVE
Page 635: NOUN’s Vision and Mission Specifi
Page 639 and 640: With enhanced quality education, th
Page 641 and 642: 626 SUB THEME V COLLABORATION AND P
Page 643 and 644: Technologies de l’Information et
Page 645 and 646: Collaboration The importance attach
Page 647 and 648: - Self Assessment Exercises (SAEs)
Page 649 and 650: BEYOND BRICKS, MORTAR AND UNIVERSIT
Page 651 and 652: inability for many students to comp
Page 653 and 654: The small post-secondary sector is
Page 655 and 656: Gaining entry to a university often
Page 657 and 658: 642 • Intranet or Local area netw
Page 659 and 660: Aigbokhan, B; Imahe, O.J. & Ailemen
Page 661 and 662: Abstract 646 ENHANCE COHESIVE STREN
Page 663 and 664: school running is fully displayed i
Page 665 and 666: week to receive individual tutorial
Page 667 and 668: International research is a process
Page 669 and 670: The technical assistance activity w
Page 671 and 672: different research fields, help pro
Page 673 and 674: seulement à l’aide de CD ROMs, m
Page 675 and 676: Abstract OPPORTUNITIES FOR KNOWLEDG
Page 677 and 678: offered only in public universities
Page 679 and 680: 20. Teofilo Kisanji University (TEK
Page 681 and 682: References Chabaan, M.A. (1996). En
Page 683 and 684: training, certificate education and
Page 685 and 686: Conclusion In the course of providi
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672 EDUCATION, ICT AND THE USE OF M
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In 1998 researchers at the Massachu
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• Confidence could be built among
Page 693 and 694:
Introduction Elearning has the pote
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Internet Usage Statistics: 450,000
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The implementation of the e-learnin
Page 699 and 700:
Communication technologies used in
Page 701 and 702:
Acknowledgement I am grateful to my
Page 703 and 704:
The pillars are; education, governa
Page 705 and 706:
The project started up in Ghana and
Page 707 and 708:
INSTRUCTIONAL SCAFFOLDING: AN EXPER
Page 709 and 710:
Reminder messages were sent 3 days
Page 711 and 712:
elsewhere, designing text messages
Page 713 and 714:
INTERNET VIRTUAL CLASSROOMS IN DEVE
Page 715 and 716:
The challenges of IVC deployment in
Page 717 and 718:
702 M-LEARNING: AN EMERGING TREND I
Page 719 and 720:
Short Message service (S.M.S) - ava
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With the system problems as: - Qual
Page 723 and 724:
THE CONCEPT OF “LEARNING- FIELDS
Page 725 and 726:
Above all, such learning has to imp
Page 727 and 728:
As mentioned earlier above, the tea
Page 729 and 730:
Considering the contents of learnin
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Figure 3 An exemplary learning fiel
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when the situation calls for them.
Page 735 and 736:
Abstract 720 TECHNOLOGICAL AND PEDA
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een produced that can effectively r
Page 739 and 740:
Determining levels of granularity W
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Once each core element of the class
Page 743 and 744:
Figure 8 - Design Challenge: Ensuri
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TEACHING TECHNICAL COURSES THROUGH
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Academic Sessions (A) It is worthy
Page 749 and 750:
This percentage of the left-over is
Page 751 and 752:
E-education, in the personalised we
Page 753 and 754:
According to (Michael 2002, 1993-20
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740 teaching. (Eric Document Reprod
Page 757 and 758:
Introduction The concept of videoco
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evaluation program at higher instit
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est of an organisation. Precisely,
Page 763 and 764:
748 Design & Develop Content Articu
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Students’ Projects Supervision (S
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knowledge of both tacit and explici
Page 769 and 770:
Introduction Education Policy in an
Page 771 and 772:
Therefore, in consonance with the N
Page 773 and 774:
758 • Policy Ideas and Thoughts (
Page 775 and 776:
eveal that a wide gap exist in this
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BARRIERS TO THE USE OF INFORMATION
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Literature Review John Daniel (2006
Page 781 and 782:
Methodology The subjects for the re
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In table 6, respondents identify th
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73.1% (63.3% and 9.8%) for cost of
Page 787 and 788:
772 Anniversary Conference, 23 Augu
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774
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Open and Distance Learning for Sustainable Development

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