The Caldwell Objects

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59 solar-mass brown dwarf probably orbited within the distended atmosphere of the nebula's progenitor star, spinning up the progenitor's envelope and creating a wind that pushed material outward. The third member of this unusual stellar trio is believed to have about 1 solar mass and to take about 4,000 years to orbit the white dwarf. It could be responsible 238 for the asymmetry seen in the inner ring. If you're up for a challenge, sweep your scope a little more than 1½° northwest of NGC 3242 and see if you can pick out the barred spiral galaxy NGC 3200; it's a tiny (4.1 x 1.2') system that Luginbuhl and Skiff found "fairly faint" in a 10inch. The galaxy's photographic blue magnitude is 12.3. Deep-Sky Companions: The Caldwell Objects
6 0 Ringtail Galaxy; Rataail Galaxy; The Antennae (northwestern component) NGC 4038 Type: Irregular Barred Galaxy (IBPm) Con: Corvus RA: 12 h 01 m 53 s Dec:-18° 51.9' Mag: 10.5; 10.5 (O'Meara) Dim: 11.2' x 5.9' SB: 13.7 Dist: 83 million light-years Disc: William Herschel, 1785 W. HERSCHEL: [Observed 7 February 1785] Pretty bright, large opening with a branch, or two nebulae very faintly joined. The south is the smallest. (H IV- 28.1) GC/NGC: Pretty bright, considerably large, round, very gradually brighter in the middle. 6 1 Ringtail Galaxy; Rattail Galaxy; The Antennae (southeastern component) NGC 4039 Type: Irregular Galaxy (IPm) Con: Corvus RA: 12 h 01 m 54 s Dec: -18° 53.1' Mag: 10.3; 11.2 (O'Meara) Dim: 9.8' x 4.5' SB: 13.0 Dist: 83 million light-years Disc: William Herschel, 1785 W. HERSCHEL: [Observed 7 February 1785] See Caldwell 60. (H IV-28.2) GC/NGC: Pretty faint, pretty large. 60 & 61 The Caldwell Objects 239
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DEEP-SKY COMPANIONS The Caldwell Ob
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DEEP-SKY COMPANIONS The Caldwell Ob
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Contents Foreword by Patrick Moore
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to be more difficult than others, s
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years of thought and observation ar
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XII position, type, angular size, a
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sky and share its splendors. There
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CHAPTER 1 About This Book O N ONE S
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times vog can back up and cause a s
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when there is moisture in the air.
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Herschel's original observations, p
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we use today and to one another? I
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SIMBAD (Set of identifications, Mea
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Caldwell 26. The objects in the Cal
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tion near the edges of the charts).
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nights of observing. Unless otherwi
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CHAPTER 2 The Caldwell Objects 1 1
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Because of its location far from th
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as strongly energized as would be e
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suggested by the patchiness of NGC
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4 NGC 7023 Type: Reflection Nebula
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astronomers found direct evidence o
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and his contemporaries. Why then wa
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6 Cat's Eye Nebula NGC 6543 Type: P
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Eighth-magnitude NGC 6543 is locate
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7 NGC 2403 Type: Mixed Spiral Galax
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according to theory, the gas densit
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8 Ghost’s Goblet NGC 559 Type: Op
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One other thing adds to the cluster
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RA: 22 h 56.8 m Dec: +62° 37' Mag:
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nebula is a near impossibility, eve
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1 0 The Horseshoe Cluster NGC 663 T
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heart of the cluster, dividing it i
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appears to be the edge of a rapidly
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1 2 NGC 6946 Type: Mixed Spiral Gal
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to the west by a row of similarly b
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the south-southwest. NGC 457, howev
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photographs. The cluster's bright "
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play begins at 8:00 p.m., when my e
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ightness by summing the contributio
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jewels. Here are sapphires, rubies,
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15 outer shell falls upon the retin
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"knots" have also been noted by exp
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tight gathering of a half-dozen rou
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1 7 NGC 147 Type: Elliptical Galaxy
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the center. A faint outer halo is a
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1 9 Cocoon Nebula IC 5146 (nebula)
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trickle into the pool surrounding t
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2 0 North America Nebula NGC 7000 T
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egion's size and mass extreme when
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The Caldwell Objects 20 87
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2 1 Box Galaxy NGC 4449 Type: Irreg
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fuse but obvious glow of patchy lig
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qualifier—the word "light" — ha
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with a sheen of light, especially a
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1003, NGC 1023, and NGC 1058 (a nic
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Way) that pop in and out of view as
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RA: 03 h 19 m 48 s Dec: +41° 30.7'
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Through the 4-inch, NGC 1275 is les
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(300,000 light-years), Pal 4 (360,0
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26 Silver Needle Galaxy NGC 4244 Ty
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2 7 Crescent Nebula NGC 6888 Type:
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Observatory, England) still lists a
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pie refractors and inefficient spec
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29 NGC 5005 Type: Mixed Spiral Gala
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s h a edges. r p However, Christian
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ulars; challenge yourself and your
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NGC 7331 is extended much farther t
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away" stars escaped the confines of
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sweep the telescope in a north-sout
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highly suspect by some. However, in
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33 Network Nebula; Bridal Veil Nebu
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A quarter-second later, the star en
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under the dark skies of Seagrave Ob
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35 NGC 4889 Type: Elliptical Galaxy
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magnitude 12.2 some 18' to the east
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36 NGC 4559 Type: Mixed Spiral Gala
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Comae Berenices, the obvious northe
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3 7 NGC 6885 Type: Open Cluster Con
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pressed, stars of magnitude 6 to 11
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of Herschel's telescope. W then e e
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see the dark needle near the third
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sion of a "thin flat ring of enormo
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(which does not appear on Sky Atlas
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not be found in planetary nebulae,
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star in a large naked-eye triangle
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4 0 NGC 3626 Type: Lenticular Galax
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40 NGC 4546 in Virgo, NGC 4138 in C
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Northern Hemisphere, and people cel
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magnitude field star 2' to the nort
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this state of affairs.) The Hyades
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4 2 NGC 7006 Type: Globular Cluster
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each square arcminute of its disk s
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4 3 Electric Arc NGC 7814 Type: Spi
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hook as my "train route." Start at
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230 billion Suns and a physical dia
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4 5 NGC 5248 Type: Mixed Spiral Gal
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of the field. Those living under da
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1" in a mere four days. Clearly, La
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porarily) even the most practiced o
Page 205 and 206: 4 7 NGC 6934 Type: Globular Cluster
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Page 209 and 210: 4 8 NGC 2775 Type: Spiral Galaxy (S
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Page 213 and 214: this wreathlike network of dust and
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Page 217 and 218: known as NGC 2244; and NGC 2239 sho
Page 219 and 220: At a glance the two stars at the cl
Page 221 and 222: On four plates taken with the Bruce
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Page 225 and 226: 5 2 NGC 4697 Type: Elliptical Galax
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Page 229 and 230: 53 The Spindle NGC 3115 Type: Lenti
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Page 239 and 240: jets, like a stream of water from t
Page 241 and 242: 5 6 Pac-Man Nebula NGC246 Type: Pla
Page 243 and 244: the triple-alpha process, wherein t
Page 245 and 246: 5 7 Barnard's Galaxy NGC 6822 Type:
Page 247 and 248: to show how the galaxy's western re
Page 249 and 250: 5 8 NGC 2360 Type: Open Cluster Con
Page 251 and 252: core and limber arms, which, he wro
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Page 255: years" and suggests amateurs monito
Page 259 and 260: war. X-ray images taken by the Rosa
Page 261 and 262: W. Sinnott's NGC 2000.0 has a visua
Page 263 and 264: 62 Milkweed Seed Galaxy NGC247 Type
Page 265 and 266: through the narrow haze. But give t
Page 267 and 268: was more readily seen in binoculars
Page 269 and 270: Society. Accepting that distance, w
Page 271 and 272: any large telescope that can provid
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Page 277 and 278: NGC 253 is the brightest member of
Page 279 and 280: magnitude stars, one just to the ea
Page 281 and 282: 6 6 NGC5694 Type: Globular Cluster
Page 283 and 284: you see its core dancing? Its starl
Page 285 and 286: cosmologist Halton Arp (Max-Planck
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Page 289 and 290: telescope. But seeing it takes more
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Page 295 and 296: 70 Southern Pinwheel NGC300 Type: S
Page 297 and 298: would John Herschel suddenly fault
Page 299 and 300: Dunlop discovered NGC 55 with his 9
Page 301 and 302: even when crossing the meridian. Co
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condensed, almost to the very margi
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The asymmetry remains at high power
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other popular nickname, the Eight-B
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longed look, the object displays a
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times larger than the full Moon. In
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emains of a globular cluster that w
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he classified them accordingly. NGC
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NGC 6231). Under averted vision the
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7 7 Centaurus A NGC5128 Type: Pecul
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Harvard College Observatory's 24-in
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at 16 million light-years. If you s
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78 NGC 6541 Type: Globular Cluster
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seems to fragment into tiny stars,
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sense, evinced by any known cluster
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12th-magnitude double star. The clu
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original with Bayer, but goes back
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Omega Centauri is generally regarde
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glitter all come to mind as the clu
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shattered remains of their diminuti
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It's a nice even disk of l0th-magni
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with the fiery reddish light of hyd
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nebulosity when he viewed the regio
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the two jets of radio-wave-emitting
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pair of tweezers. A fairly bright s
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suggest that our universe may be on
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8 5 Omicron Velorum Cluster IC2391
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Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, however,
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much sky as does the full Moon, tho
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8 7 NGC 1261 Type: Globular Cluster
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timates, making it 2 billion years
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NGC 5822. Don't be surprised if you
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89 S Normae Cluster NGC 6087 Type:
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fact, if you look about 7' southwes
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lowing night fell clear, when Hersc
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NGC 2867 is a nitrogen-rich planeta
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halfway between M37 in Auriga (200
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9 2 Eta Carinae Nebula GC 3372 Type
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anch of cold, dark material. Indeed
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stretch 16 billion km from the cent
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the object was known to some civili
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east, and a dim lip of gas to the s
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1 0 1 NGC 6744 Type: Barred Spiral
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have been identified in NGC 6752's
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ightest spiral arm(s) to the north,
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his maiden voyage of discovery in 1
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simply takes much too much effort t
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9 5 NGC 6025 Type: Open Cluster Con
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very wide double of near-equal inte
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went out and looked at the cluster
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NGC 2516 is 60 million years young
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and contains some 1,890 members, wh
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9 8 Coalsack Cluster NGC 4609 Type:
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it near the Swan? There is a still
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with the naked eye is a challenge.
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1 0 0 Lambda Centauri Cluster Colli
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position updates to (2000.0) R.A. 1
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Eta Carinae Nebula. But remember th
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9th magnitude. Of the latter, 23 ha
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103 1 0 3 Tarantula Nebula; True Lo
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southern-sky explorer Abbe Nicolas
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ters it has had thus far with the g
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ly east of NGC 362 we find the magn
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the eye ever inward and takes your
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1 0 5 Southern Butterfly NGC 4833 T
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stars"). Lacaille also likened NGC
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is about 7' in length, and nearly 2
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evealed a significant blue-straggle
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ightest stars shine around 4th magn
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egion looks cold and disturbing, no
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The galaxy received some incidental
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This entry is obviously in error, b
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7 N G C 4 0 4 T y L p e n : G t a i
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pointed her 7x35 binoculars toward
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13 NGC 288 Type: Globular Cluster C
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your telescope on Eta Sculptoris an
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19 N G C 6 2 8 1 T y O p e C : n l
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C Name Type Con. R.A. Dec Mag. Size
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C Name Type Con. R.A. Dec Mag. Size
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Appendix B Why Messier Did N o t i
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A typical pattern for evening hunti
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Earth turns, the cluster would clim
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Initially Herschel made his living
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of the heavens with it. For his swe
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tube's front end. This meant that t
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Star in Collo Ceti" about the star
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years, Herschel would observe some
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fluid, but added that ages of obser
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Appendix D Photo Credits in order o
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A Abell426, 101 Acrux, 388, 392, 39
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index Caldwell 44, 173, 176-178 Cal
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and nebulae, 271, 274, 362 and open
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Hevelius, Johannes, 72, 81, 452 Hip
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M103, 49-50, 58-59 M110, 77 MACHOs.
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NGC 3324, 369 NGC 3372 (Caldwell 92
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Perseus Cluster, 101 Phi Cas Cluste
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Τ Tarantula Nebula (Caldwell 103),
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The Caldwell Objects

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