The Caldwell Objects

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ight inner disk. On the contrary, this one small piece was ironically obvious enough to receive its own designation as a nearly edge-on spiral galaxy in at least four different catalogs. It can even be glimpsed with a good 10-inch scope under nice, dark skies." So there you have it: your Cat's Eye Challenge. Go to it! 36 6 Deep-Sky Companions: The Caldwell Objects
7 NGC 2403 Type: Mixed Spiral Galaxy (SABcd) Con: Camelopardalis RA: 07 H 36.9 M Dec: +65° 36' Mag: 8.4; 7.3 (O'Meara) Dim: 23.8' X 12.8' SB: 14.6 Dist: 14 million light-years Disc: William Herschel, 1788 W. HERSCHEL: [Observed 1 November 1788] Considerably bright. Round. Very gradually brighter in the middle. Bright nucleus. 6' or 7' diameter, with a faint branch extending a great way to the north pre- O F THE SKY' S 88 CONSTELLATIONS, C AM- elopardalis is not only one of the largest but also one of the faintest. In size the celestial Giraffe is significant; its jagged boundaries The Caldwell Objects ceding [northwestern] side; not less than ½°, and to the north or north following [northeast] the nebulosity [is] diffused over a space, I am pretty sure, not less than a whole degree. (H V-44) GC: Remarkable, considerably bright, extremely large, very much extended, very gradually much brighter in the middle to a 7' nucleus. NGC: Remarkable, considerably bright, extremely large, very much extended, very gradually much brighter in the middle, to a nucleus. 7 outline 757 square degrees of sky, making it the 18th-largest constellation on the celestial sphere. But Camelopardalis contains no stars brighter than 4th magnitude, and even though 37
Page 5 and 6: DEEP-SKY COMPANIONS The Caldwell Ob
Page 7 and 8: DEEP-SKY COMPANIONS The Caldwell Ob
Page 9 and 10: Contents Foreword by Patrick Moore
Page 11 and 12: to be more difficult than others, s
Page 13 and 14: years of thought and observation ar
Page 15 and 16: XII position, type, angular size, a
Page 17 and 18: sky and share its splendors. There
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER 1 About This Book O N ONE S
Page 21 and 22: times vog can back up and cause a s
Page 23 and 24: when there is moisture in the air.
Page 25 and 26: Herschel's original observations, p
Page 27 and 28: we use today and to one another? I
Page 29 and 30: SIMBAD (Set of identifications, Mea
Page 31 and 32: Caldwell 26. The objects in the Cal
Page 33 and 34: tion near the edges of the charts).
Page 35 and 36: nights of observing. Unless otherwi
Page 37 and 38: CHAPTER 2 The Caldwell Objects 1 1
Page 39 and 40: Because of its location far from th
Page 41 and 42: as strongly energized as would be e
Page 43 and 44: suggested by the patchiness of NGC
Page 45 and 46: 4 NGC 7023 Type: Reflection Nebula
Page 47 and 48: astronomers found direct evidence o
Page 49 and 50: and his contemporaries. Why then wa
Page 51 and 52: 6 Cat's Eye Nebula NGC 6543 Type: P
Page 53: Eighth-magnitude NGC 6543 is locate
Page 57 and 58: according to theory, the gas densit
Page 59 and 60: 8 Ghost’s Goblet NGC 559 Type: Op
Page 61 and 62: One other thing adds to the cluster
Page 63 and 64: RA: 22 h 56.8 m Dec: +62° 37' Mag:
Page 65 and 66: nebula is a near impossibility, eve
Page 67 and 68: 1 0 The Horseshoe Cluster NGC 663 T
Page 69 and 70: heart of the cluster, dividing it i
Page 71 and 72: appears to be the edge of a rapidly
Page 73 and 74: 1 2 NGC 6946 Type: Mixed Spiral Gal
Page 75 and 76: to the west by a row of similarly b
Page 77 and 78: the south-southwest. NGC 457, howev
Page 79 and 80: photographs. The cluster's bright "
Page 81 and 82: play begins at 8:00 p.m., when my e
Page 83 and 84: ightness by summing the contributio
Page 85 and 86: jewels. Here are sapphires, rubies,
Page 87 and 88: 15 outer shell falls upon the retin
Page 89 and 90: "knots" have also been noted by exp
Page 91 and 92: tight gathering of a half-dozen rou
Page 93 and 94: 1 7 NGC 147 Type: Elliptical Galaxy
Page 95 and 96: the center. A faint outer halo is a
Page 97 and 98: 1 9 Cocoon Nebula IC 5146 (nebula)
Page 99 and 100: trickle into the pool surrounding t
Page 101 and 102: 2 0 North America Nebula NGC 7000 T
Page 103 and 104: egion's size and mass extreme when
Page 105 and 106:
The Caldwell Objects 20 87
Page 107 and 108:
2 1 Box Galaxy NGC 4449 Type: Irreg
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fuse but obvious glow of patchy lig
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qualifier—the word "light" — ha
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with a sheen of light, especially a
Page 115 and 116:
1003, NGC 1023, and NGC 1058 (a nic
Page 117 and 118:
Way) that pop in and out of view as
Page 119 and 120:
RA: 03 h 19 m 48 s Dec: +41° 30.7'
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Through the 4-inch, NGC 1275 is les
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(300,000 light-years), Pal 4 (360,0
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26 Silver Needle Galaxy NGC 4244 Ty
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2 7 Crescent Nebula NGC 6888 Type:
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Observatory, England) still lists a
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pie refractors and inefficient spec
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29 NGC 5005 Type: Mixed Spiral Gala
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s h a edges. r p However, Christian
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ulars; challenge yourself and your
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NGC 7331 is extended much farther t
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away" stars escaped the confines of
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sweep the telescope in a north-sout
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highly suspect by some. However, in
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33 Network Nebula; Bridal Veil Nebu
Page 149 and 150:
A quarter-second later, the star en
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under the dark skies of Seagrave Ob
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35 NGC 4889 Type: Elliptical Galaxy
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magnitude 12.2 some 18' to the east
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36 NGC 4559 Type: Mixed Spiral Gala
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Comae Berenices, the obvious northe
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3 7 NGC 6885 Type: Open Cluster Con
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pressed, stars of magnitude 6 to 11
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of Herschel's telescope. W then e e
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see the dark needle near the third
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sion of a "thin flat ring of enormo
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(which does not appear on Sky Atlas
Page 173 and 174:
not be found in planetary nebulae,
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star in a large naked-eye triangle
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4 0 NGC 3626 Type: Lenticular Galax
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40 NGC 4546 in Virgo, NGC 4138 in C
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Northern Hemisphere, and people cel
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magnitude field star 2' to the nort
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this state of affairs.) The Hyades
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4 2 NGC 7006 Type: Globular Cluster
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each square arcminute of its disk s
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4 3 Electric Arc NGC 7814 Type: Spi
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hook as my "train route." Start at
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230 billion Suns and a physical dia
Page 197 and 198:
4 5 NGC 5248 Type: Mixed Spiral Gal
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of the field. Those living under da
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1" in a mere four days. Clearly, La
Page 203 and 204:
porarily) even the most practiced o
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
stragglers are stars that appear to
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4 8 NGC 2775 Type: Spiral Galaxy (S
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with a CCD camera — discovered a
Page 213 and 214:
this wreathlike network of dust and
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fuzzy patch of light with the unaid
Page 217 and 218:
known as NGC 2244; and NGC 2239 sho
Page 219 and 220:
At a glance the two stars at the cl
Page 221 and 222:
On four plates taken with the Bruce
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years. A total of 43 star-cluster c
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5 2 NGC 4697 Type: Elliptical Galax
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northeast of the sixth star in the
Page 229 and 230:
53 The Spindle NGC 3115 Type: Lenti
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and the 100-inch telescopes atop Mo
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
emerge, followed by a diffuse outer
Page 237 and 238:
perfection than is actually the cas
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jets, like a stream of water from t
Page 241 and 242:
5 6 Pac-Man Nebula NGC246 Type: Pla
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the triple-alpha process, wherein t
Page 245 and 246:
5 7 Barnard's Galaxy NGC 6822 Type:
Page 247 and 248:
to show how the galaxy's western re
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
core and limber arms, which, he wro
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esembles Jupiter . . . '" Smyth's f
Page 255 and 256:
years" and suggests amateurs monito
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6 0 Ringtail Galaxy; Rataail Galaxy
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war. X-ray images taken by the Rosa
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W. Sinnott's NGC 2000.0 has a visua
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62 Milkweed Seed Galaxy NGC247 Type
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through the narrow haze. But give t
Page 267 and 268:
was more readily seen in binoculars
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Society. Accepting that distance, w
Page 271 and 272:
any large telescope that can provid
Page 273 and 274:
ought it to our attention in the Fe
Page 275 and 276:
inch the cluster shows a pyramid of
Page 277 and 278:
NGC 253 is the brightest member of
Page 279 and 280:
magnitude stars, one just to the ea
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6 6 NGC5694 Type: Globular Cluster
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you see its core dancing? Its starl
Page 285 and 286:
cosmologist Halton Arp (Max-Planck
Page 287 and 288:
and kinked. All this detail is wrap
Page 289 and 290:
telescope. But seeing it takes more
Page 291 and 292:
streamers begin to appear, but they
Page 293 and 294:
tounding, because NGC 6302 is a mag
Page 295 and 296:
70 Southern Pinwheel NGC300 Type: S
Page 297 and 298:
would John Herschel suddenly fault
Page 299 and 300:
Dunlop discovered NGC 55 with his 9
Page 301 and 302:
even when crossing the meridian. Co
Page 303 and 304:
"nebulous clusters" (Class II); and
Page 305 and 306:
galaxy's disk and halo. NGC 2477 ap
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condensed, almost to the very margi
Page 309 and 310:
The asymmetry remains at high power
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other popular nickname, the Eight-B
Page 313 and 314:
longed look, the object displays a
Page 315 and 316:
times larger than the full Moon. In
Page 317 and 318:
emains of a globular cluster that w
Page 319 and 320:
he classified them accordingly. NGC
Page 321 and 322:
NGC 6231). Under averted vision the
Page 323 and 324:
7 7 Centaurus A NGC5128 Type: Pecul
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Harvard College Observatory's 24-in
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at 16 million light-years. If you s
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78 NGC 6541 Type: Globular Cluster
Page 331 and 332:
seems to fragment into tiny stars,
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sense, evinced by any known cluster
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12th-magnitude double star. The clu
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original with Bayer, but goes back
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Omega Centauri is generally regarde
Page 341 and 342:
glitter all come to mind as the clu
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shattered remains of their diminuti
Page 345 and 346:
It's a nice even disk of l0th-magni
Page 347 and 348:
with the fiery reddish light of hyd
Page 349 and 350:
nebulosity when he viewed the regio
Page 351 and 352:
the two jets of radio-wave-emitting
Page 353 and 354:
pair of tweezers. A fairly bright s
Page 355 and 356:
suggest that our universe may be on
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8 5 Omicron Velorum Cluster IC2391
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Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, however,
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much sky as does the full Moon, tho
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Page 365 and 366:
timates, making it 2 billion years
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NGC 5822. Don't be surprised if you
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89 S Normae Cluster NGC 6087 Type:
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fact, if you look about 7' southwes
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lowing night fell clear, when Hersc
Page 375 and 376:
NGC 2867 is a nitrogen-rich planeta
Page 377 and 378:
halfway between M37 in Auriga (200
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9 2 Eta Carinae Nebula GC 3372 Type
Page 381 and 382:
anch of cold, dark material. Indeed
Page 383 and 384:
stretch 16 billion km from the cent
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the object was known to some civili
Page 387 and 388:
east, and a dim lip of gas to the s
Page 389 and 390:
1 0 1 NGC 6744 Type: Barred Spiral
Page 391 and 392:
have been identified in NGC 6752's
Page 393 and 394:
ightest spiral arm(s) to the north,
Page 395 and 396:
his maiden voyage of discovery in 1
Page 397 and 398:
simply takes much too much effort t
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
very wide double of near-equal inte
Page 403 and 404:
went out and looked at the cluster
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NGC 2516 is 60 million years young
Page 407 and 408:
and contains some 1,890 members, wh
Page 409 and 410:
9 8 Coalsack Cluster NGC 4609 Type:
Page 411 and 412:
it near the Swan? There is a still
Page 413 and 414:
with the naked eye is a challenge.
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1 0 0 Lambda Centauri Cluster Colli
Page 417 and 418:
position updates to (2000.0) R.A. 1
Page 419 and 420:
Eta Carinae Nebula. But remember th
Page 421 and 422:
9th magnitude. Of the latter, 23 ha
Page 423 and 424:
103 1 0 3 Tarantula Nebula; True Lo
Page 425 and 426:
southern-sky explorer Abbe Nicolas
Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
ters it has had thus far with the g
Page 431 and 432:
ly east of NGC 362 we find the magn
Page 433 and 434:
the eye ever inward and takes your
Page 435 and 436:
1 0 5 Southern Butterfly NGC 4833 T
Page 437 and 438:
stars"). Lacaille also likened NGC
Page 439 and 440:
is about 7' in length, and nearly 2
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evealed a significant blue-straggle
Page 445 and 446:
ightest stars shine around 4th magn
Page 447 and 448:
egion looks cold and disturbing, no
Page 449 and 450:
The galaxy received some incidental
Page 451 and 452:
This entry is obviously in error, b
Page 453 and 454:
7 N G C 4 0 4 T y L p e n : G t a i
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pointed her 7x35 binoculars toward
Page 457 and 458:
13 NGC 288 Type: Globular Cluster C
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your telescope on Eta Sculptoris an
Page 461 and 462:
19 N G C 6 2 8 1 T y O p e C : n l
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C Name Type Con. R.A. Dec Mag. Size
Page 465 and 466:
C Name Type Con. R.A. Dec Mag. Size
Page 467 and 468:
Appendix B Why Messier Did N o t i
Page 469 and 470:
A typical pattern for evening hunti
Page 471 and 472:
Earth turns, the cluster would clim
Page 473 and 474:
Initially Herschel made his living
Page 475 and 476:
of the heavens with it. For his swe
Page 477 and 478:
tube's front end. This meant that t
Page 479 and 480:
Star in Collo Ceti" about the star
Page 481 and 482:
years, Herschel would observe some
Page 483 and 484:
fluid, but added that ages of obser
Page 485 and 486:
Appendix D Photo Credits in order o
Page 487 and 488:
A Abell426, 101 Acrux, 388, 392, 39
Page 489 and 490:
index Caldwell 44, 173, 176-178 Cal
Page 491 and 492:
and nebulae, 271, 274, 362 and open
Page 493 and 494:
Hevelius, Johannes, 72, 81, 452 Hip
Page 495 and 496:
M103, 49-50, 58-59 M110, 77 MACHOs.
Page 497 and 498:
NGC 3324, 369 NGC 3372 (Caldwell 92
Page 499 and 500:
Perseus Cluster, 101 Phi Cas Cluste
Page 501 and 502:
Τ Tarantula Nebula (Caldwell 103),
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