The Caldwell Objects

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Appendix A The Caldwell Catalog C Name Type Con. R.A. Dec. Mag. Size ( ‘ ) Notes Page 1 NGC 188 OC Cep 00 h 48 m +85° 14' 8.1 15 19 2 NGC 40 PN Cep 00 h 13.0 m +72° 31' 12.3 0.6 Bow-Tie Nebula 22 3 NGC 4236 SG Dra 12 h 16.7 m +69° 28' 9.6 20x8 24 4 NGC 7023 BN Cep 21 h 01.6 m +68° 10' 7.7 10x8 reflection nebula 27 5 IC 342 SG Cam 03 h 46.8 m +68° 06' 8.4 16 30 6 NGC 6543 PN Dra 17 h 58.6 m +66° 38' 8.1 0.4 x 0.3 Cat's Eye Nebula 33 7 NGC 2403 SG Cam 07 h 36.9 m +65° 36' 8.4 24 x 13 37 8 NGC 559 OC Cas 01 h 29.5 m +63° 18' 9.5 7.0 Ghost's Goblet 41 9 Sh2-155 BN Cep 22 h 56.8 m +62° 37' 10.0 50x30 Cave Nebula 44 10 NGC 663 OC Cas 01 h 46.3 m +61° 13' 7.1 15 Horseshoe Cluster 49 11 NGC 7635 BN Cas 23 h 20.7 m +61° 12' 10.0 15x8 Bubble Nebula 52 12 NGC 6946 SG Cep 20 h 34.9 m +60° 09' 8.8 11x9 55 13 NGC 457 OC Cas 01 h 19.5 m +58° 17' 6.4 20 E.T. Cluster 58 14 NGC OC Per 02 869/84 h 20.5m +57° 08' 5/6 18/18 Double Cluster 62 15 NGC 6826 PN Cyg 19h 44.8m +50° 31' 8.8 0.5 x 0.4 Blinking Planetary 68 16 NGC 7243 OC Lac 22 h 15.0 m +49° 54' 6.4 30 72 17 NGC 147 EG Cas 00 h 33.2 m +48° 30' 9.5 18x11 M31 companion 75 18 NGC 185 EG Cas 00 h 39.0 m +48° 20' 9.2 17x14 M31 companion 75 19 IC5146 BN Cyg 21 h 53.4 m +47° 16' 9.3 10 Cocoon Nebula 79 444 20 NGC 7000 BN Cyg 20 h 58.8 m +44° 20' 5.0 100 x 60 No. America Neb. 83 21 NGC 4449 IG CVn 12 h 28.2 m +44° 06' 9.6 5x4 Box Galaxy 89 22 NGC 7662 PN And 23 h 25.9 m +42° 32' 8.3 0.5 Lt. Blue Snowball 92 23 NGC 891 SG And 02 h 22.6 m +42° 21' 9.9 12x3 Outer Limits Gal. 96 Deep-Sky Companions: The Caldwell Objects
C Name Type Con. R.A. Dec Mag. Size (') Notes Page 24 NGC 1275 EG Per 03 h 19.8 m +41° 31' 11.9 3 x 2 Perseus A 100 25 NGC 2419 GC Lyn 07 h 38.1 m +38° 53' 10.4 4.6 Intergalactic Tramp 104 26 NGC 4244 SG CVn 12 h 17.5 m +37° 48' 10.4 1 6 x 2 Silver Needle Gal. 107 27 NGC 6888 BN Cyg 20 h 12.0 m +38° 21' 8.8 18 x 13 Crescent Nebula 109 28 NGC 752 OC And 01 h 57.6 m +37° 50' 5.7 75 112 29 NGC 5005 SG CVn 13 h 10.9 m +37° 03' 9.8 6 x 3 115 30 NGC 7331 SG Peg 22 h 37.l m +34° 25' 9.5 9.7 x 4.5 118 31 IC 405 BN Aur 05' 1 16.2 m +34° 16' 9.2 3 0 x 2 0 Flaming Star Neb. 122 32 NGC 4631 SG CVn 12 h 42.1 m +32° 32' 9.2 1 5 x 4 126 33 NGC 6992/5 SN Cyg 20 h 56.4 m +31° 43' 7.5 6 0 x 8 Eastern Veil Neb. 129 34 NGC 6960 SN Cyg 20 h 45.7 m +30° 43' 7.9 7 0 x 6 Western Veil Neb. 129 35 NGC 4889 EG Com 13 h 00.l m +27° 58' 11.5 3 x 2 in Coma Cluster 135 36 NGC 4559 SG Com 12 h 36.0 m +27° 58' 10.0 1 1 x 5 139 37 NGC 6885 OC Vul 20 h 11.6 m +26° 28' 8.1 20 143 38 NGC 4565 SG Com 12 h 36.3 m +25° 59' 9.6 1 6 x 2 150 39 NGC 2392 PN Gem 07 h 29.2 m +20° 55' 9.2 0.8 x 0.7 Eskimo Nebula 154 40 NGC 3626 SG Leo ll h 20.1 m +18° 21' 11.0 3 x 2 159 41 Mel 25 OC Tau 04 h 26.9 m + 15° 52' 0.5 330 Hyades 162 42 NGC 7006 GC Del 21 h 01.5 m + 16° 11' 10.6 3.6 169 43 NGC 7814 SG Peg 00 h 03.2 m + 16° 09' 10.6 6 x 2 Electric Arc 173 44 NGC 7479 SG Peg 23 h 05.0 m +12° 19' 10.8 4 x 3 173 45 NGC 5248 SG Boo 13 h 37.5 m +08° 53' 10.3 6 x 5 179 46 NGC 2261 BN ! Mon 06 h 39.2 m +08° 44' ~10var. 4 x 2 Hubble'sVar. Neb. 182 Appendix A 445
Page 5 and 6:
DEEP-SKY COMPANIONS The Caldwell Ob
Page 7 and 8:
DEEP-SKY COMPANIONS The Caldwell Ob
Page 9 and 10:
Contents Foreword by Patrick Moore
Page 11 and 12:
to be more difficult than others, s
Page 13 and 14:
years of thought and observation ar
Page 15 and 16:
XII position, type, angular size, a
Page 17 and 18:
sky and share its splendors. There
Page 19 and 20:
CHAPTER 1 About This Book O N ONE S
Page 21 and 22:
times vog can back up and cause a s
Page 23 and 24:
when there is moisture in the air.
Page 25 and 26:
Herschel's original observations, p
Page 27 and 28:
we use today and to one another? I
Page 29 and 30:
SIMBAD (Set of identifications, Mea
Page 31 and 32:
Caldwell 26. The objects in the Cal
Page 33 and 34:
tion near the edges of the charts).
Page 35 and 36:
nights of observing. Unless otherwi
Page 37 and 38:
CHAPTER 2 The Caldwell Objects 1 1
Page 39 and 40:
Because of its location far from th
Page 41 and 42:
as strongly energized as would be e
Page 43 and 44:
suggested by the patchiness of NGC
Page 45 and 46:
4 NGC 7023 Type: Reflection Nebula
Page 47 and 48:
astronomers found direct evidence o
Page 49 and 50:
and his contemporaries. Why then wa
Page 51 and 52:
6 Cat's Eye Nebula NGC 6543 Type: P
Page 53 and 54:
Eighth-magnitude NGC 6543 is locate
Page 55 and 56:
7 NGC 2403 Type: Mixed Spiral Galax
Page 57 and 58:
according to theory, the gas densit
Page 59 and 60:
8 Ghost’s Goblet NGC 559 Type: Op
Page 61 and 62:
One other thing adds to the cluster
Page 63 and 64:
RA: 22 h 56.8 m Dec: +62° 37' Mag:
Page 65 and 66:
nebula is a near impossibility, eve
Page 67 and 68:
1 0 The Horseshoe Cluster NGC 663 T
Page 69 and 70:
heart of the cluster, dividing it i
Page 71 and 72:
appears to be the edge of a rapidly
Page 73 and 74:
1 2 NGC 6946 Type: Mixed Spiral Gal
Page 75 and 76:
to the west by a row of similarly b
Page 77 and 78:
the south-southwest. NGC 457, howev
Page 79 and 80:
photographs. The cluster's bright "
Page 81 and 82:
play begins at 8:00 p.m., when my e
Page 83 and 84:
ightness by summing the contributio
Page 85 and 86:
jewels. Here are sapphires, rubies,
Page 87 and 88:
15 outer shell falls upon the retin
Page 89 and 90:
"knots" have also been noted by exp
Page 91 and 92:
tight gathering of a half-dozen rou
Page 93 and 94:
1 7 NGC 147 Type: Elliptical Galaxy
Page 95 and 96:
the center. A faint outer halo is a
Page 97 and 98:
1 9 Cocoon Nebula IC 5146 (nebula)
Page 99 and 100:
trickle into the pool surrounding t
Page 101 and 102:
2 0 North America Nebula NGC 7000 T
Page 103 and 104:
egion's size and mass extreme when
Page 105 and 106:
The Caldwell Objects 20 87
Page 107 and 108:
2 1 Box Galaxy NGC 4449 Type: Irreg
Page 109 and 110:
fuse but obvious glow of patchy lig
Page 111 and 112:
qualifier—the word "light" — ha
Page 113 and 114:
with a sheen of light, especially a
Page 115 and 116:
1003, NGC 1023, and NGC 1058 (a nic
Page 117 and 118:
Way) that pop in and out of view as
Page 119 and 120:
RA: 03 h 19 m 48 s Dec: +41° 30.7'
Page 121 and 122:
Through the 4-inch, NGC 1275 is les
Page 123 and 124:
(300,000 light-years), Pal 4 (360,0
Page 125 and 126:
26 Silver Needle Galaxy NGC 4244 Ty
Page 127 and 128:
2 7 Crescent Nebula NGC 6888 Type:
Page 129 and 130:
Observatory, England) still lists a
Page 131 and 132:
pie refractors and inefficient spec
Page 133 and 134:
29 NGC 5005 Type: Mixed Spiral Gala
Page 135 and 136:
s h a edges. r p However, Christian
Page 137 and 138:
ulars; challenge yourself and your
Page 139 and 140:
NGC 7331 is extended much farther t
Page 141 and 142:
away" stars escaped the confines of
Page 143 and 144:
sweep the telescope in a north-sout
Page 145 and 146:
highly suspect by some. However, in
Page 147 and 148:
33 Network Nebula; Bridal Veil Nebu
Page 149 and 150:
A quarter-second later, the star en
Page 151 and 152:
under the dark skies of Seagrave Ob
Page 153 and 154:
35 NGC 4889 Type: Elliptical Galaxy
Page 155 and 156:
magnitude 12.2 some 18' to the east
Page 157 and 158:
36 NGC 4559 Type: Mixed Spiral Gala
Page 159 and 160:
Comae Berenices, the obvious northe
Page 161 and 162:
3 7 NGC 6885 Type: Open Cluster Con
Page 163 and 164:
pressed, stars of magnitude 6 to 11
Page 165 and 166:
of Herschel's telescope. W then e e
Page 167 and 168:
see the dark needle near the third
Page 169 and 170:
sion of a "thin flat ring of enormo
Page 171 and 172:
(which does not appear on Sky Atlas
Page 173 and 174:
not be found in planetary nebulae,
Page 175 and 176:
star in a large naked-eye triangle
Page 177 and 178:
4 0 NGC 3626 Type: Lenticular Galax
Page 179 and 180:
40 NGC 4546 in Virgo, NGC 4138 in C
Page 181 and 182:
Northern Hemisphere, and people cel
Page 183 and 184:
magnitude field star 2' to the nort
Page 185 and 186:
this state of affairs.) The Hyades
Page 187 and 188:
4 2 NGC 7006 Type: Globular Cluster
Page 189 and 190:
each square arcminute of its disk s
Page 191 and 192:
4 3 Electric Arc NGC 7814 Type: Spi
Page 193 and 194:
hook as my "train route." Start at
Page 195 and 196:
230 billion Suns and a physical dia
Page 197 and 198:
4 5 NGC 5248 Type: Mixed Spiral Gal
Page 199 and 200:
of the field. Those living under da
Page 201 and 202:
1" in a mere four days. Clearly, La
Page 203 and 204:
porarily) even the most practiced o
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
stragglers are stars that appear to
Page 209 and 210:
4 8 NGC 2775 Type: Spiral Galaxy (S
Page 211 and 212:
with a CCD camera — discovered a
Page 213 and 214:
this wreathlike network of dust and
Page 215 and 216:
fuzzy patch of light with the unaid
Page 217 and 218:
known as NGC 2244; and NGC 2239 sho
Page 219 and 220:
At a glance the two stars at the cl
Page 221 and 222:
On four plates taken with the Bruce
Page 223 and 224:
years. A total of 43 star-cluster c
Page 225 and 226:
5 2 NGC 4697 Type: Elliptical Galax
Page 227 and 228:
northeast of the sixth star in the
Page 229 and 230:
53 The Spindle NGC 3115 Type: Lenti
Page 231 and 232:
and the 100-inch telescopes atop Mo
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
emerge, followed by a diffuse outer
Page 237 and 238:
perfection than is actually the cas
Page 239 and 240:
jets, like a stream of water from t
Page 241 and 242:
5 6 Pac-Man Nebula NGC246 Type: Pla
Page 243 and 244:
the triple-alpha process, wherein t
Page 245 and 246:
5 7 Barnard's Galaxy NGC 6822 Type:
Page 247 and 248:
to show how the galaxy's western re
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
core and limber arms, which, he wro
Page 253 and 254:
esembles Jupiter . . . '" Smyth's f
Page 255 and 256:
years" and suggests amateurs monito
Page 257 and 258:
6 0 Ringtail Galaxy; Rataail Galaxy
Page 259 and 260:
war. X-ray images taken by the Rosa
Page 261 and 262:
W. Sinnott's NGC 2000.0 has a visua
Page 263 and 264:
62 Milkweed Seed Galaxy NGC247 Type
Page 265 and 266:
through the narrow haze. But give t
Page 267 and 268:
was more readily seen in binoculars
Page 269 and 270:
Society. Accepting that distance, w
Page 271 and 272:
any large telescope that can provid
Page 273 and 274:
ought it to our attention in the Fe
Page 275 and 276:
inch the cluster shows a pyramid of
Page 277 and 278:
NGC 253 is the brightest member of
Page 279 and 280:
magnitude stars, one just to the ea
Page 281 and 282:
6 6 NGC5694 Type: Globular Cluster
Page 283 and 284:
you see its core dancing? Its starl
Page 285 and 286:
cosmologist Halton Arp (Max-Planck
Page 287 and 288:
and kinked. All this detail is wrap
Page 289 and 290:
telescope. But seeing it takes more
Page 291 and 292:
streamers begin to appear, but they
Page 293 and 294:
tounding, because NGC 6302 is a mag
Page 295 and 296:
70 Southern Pinwheel NGC300 Type: S
Page 297 and 298:
would John Herschel suddenly fault
Page 299 and 300:
Dunlop discovered NGC 55 with his 9
Page 301 and 302:
even when crossing the meridian. Co
Page 303 and 304:
"nebulous clusters" (Class II); and
Page 305 and 306:
galaxy's disk and halo. NGC 2477 ap
Page 307 and 308:
condensed, almost to the very margi
Page 309 and 310:
The asymmetry remains at high power
Page 311 and 312:
other popular nickname, the Eight-B
Page 313 and 314:
longed look, the object displays a
Page 315 and 316:
times larger than the full Moon. In
Page 317 and 318:
emains of a globular cluster that w
Page 319 and 320:
he classified them accordingly. NGC
Page 321 and 322:
NGC 6231). Under averted vision the
Page 323 and 324:
7 7 Centaurus A NGC5128 Type: Pecul
Page 325 and 326:
Harvard College Observatory's 24-in
Page 327 and 328:
at 16 million light-years. If you s
Page 329 and 330:
78 NGC 6541 Type: Globular Cluster
Page 331 and 332:
seems to fragment into tiny stars,
Page 333 and 334:
sense, evinced by any known cluster
Page 335 and 336:
12th-magnitude double star. The clu
Page 337 and 338:
original with Bayer, but goes back
Page 339 and 340:
Omega Centauri is generally regarde
Page 341 and 342:
glitter all come to mind as the clu
Page 343 and 344:
shattered remains of their diminuti
Page 345 and 346:
It's a nice even disk of l0th-magni
Page 347 and 348:
with the fiery reddish light of hyd
Page 349 and 350:
nebulosity when he viewed the regio
Page 351 and 352:
the two jets of radio-wave-emitting
Page 353 and 354:
pair of tweezers. A fairly bright s
Page 355 and 356:
suggest that our universe may be on
Page 357 and 358:
8 5 Omicron Velorum Cluster IC2391
Page 359 and 360:
Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, however,
Page 361 and 362:
much sky as does the full Moon, tho
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
timates, making it 2 billion years
Page 367 and 368:
NGC 5822. Don't be surprised if you
Page 369 and 370:
89 S Normae Cluster NGC 6087 Type:
Page 371 and 372:
fact, if you look about 7' southwes
Page 373 and 374:
lowing night fell clear, when Hersc
Page 375 and 376:
NGC 2867 is a nitrogen-rich planeta
Page 377 and 378:
halfway between M37 in Auriga (200
Page 379 and 380:
9 2 Eta Carinae Nebula GC 3372 Type
Page 381 and 382:
anch of cold, dark material. Indeed
Page 383 and 384:
stretch 16 billion km from the cent
Page 385 and 386:
the object was known to some civili
Page 387 and 388:
east, and a dim lip of gas to the s
Page 389 and 390:
1 0 1 NGC 6744 Type: Barred Spiral
Page 391 and 392:
have been identified in NGC 6752's
Page 393 and 394:
ightest spiral arm(s) to the north,
Page 395 and 396:
his maiden voyage of discovery in 1
Page 397 and 398:
simply takes much too much effort t
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
very wide double of near-equal inte
Page 403 and 404:
went out and looked at the cluster
Page 405 and 406:
NGC 2516 is 60 million years young
Page 407 and 408:
and contains some 1,890 members, wh
Page 409 and 410:
9 8 Coalsack Cluster NGC 4609 Type:
Page 411 and 412: it near the Swan? There is a still
Page 413 and 414: with the naked eye is a challenge.
Page 415 and 416: 1 0 0 Lambda Centauri Cluster Colli
Page 417 and 418: position updates to (2000.0) R.A. 1
Page 419 and 420: Eta Carinae Nebula. But remember th
Page 421 and 422: 9th magnitude. Of the latter, 23 ha
Page 423 and 424: 103 1 0 3 Tarantula Nebula; True Lo
Page 425 and 426: southern-sky explorer Abbe Nicolas
Page 427 and 428: 104 NGC 362 Type: Globular Cluster
Page 429 and 430: ters it has had thus far with the g
Page 431 and 432: ly east of NGC 362 we find the magn
Page 433 and 434: the eye ever inward and takes your
Page 435 and 436: 1 0 5 Southern Butterfly NGC 4833 T
Page 437 and 438: stars"). Lacaille also likened NGC
Page 439 and 440: is about 7' in length, and nearly 2
Page 441 and 442: 107 NGC 6101 Type: Globular Cluster
Page 443 and 444: evealed a significant blue-straggle
Page 445 and 446: ightest stars shine around 4th magn
Page 447 and 448: egion looks cold and disturbing, no
Page 449 and 450: The galaxy received some incidental
Page 451 and 452: This entry is obviously in error, b
Page 453 and 454: 7 N G C 4 0 4 T y L p e n : G t a i
Page 455 and 456: pointed her 7x35 binoculars toward
Page 457 and 458: 13 NGC 288 Type: Globular Cluster C
Page 459 and 460: your telescope on Eta Sculptoris an
Page 461: 19 N G C 6 2 8 1 T y O p e C : n l
Page 465 and 466: C Name Type Con. R.A. Dec Mag. Size
Page 467 and 468: Appendix B Why Messier Did N o t i
Page 469 and 470: A typical pattern for evening hunti
Page 471 and 472: Earth turns, the cluster would clim
Page 473 and 474: Initially Herschel made his living
Page 475 and 476: of the heavens with it. For his swe
Page 477 and 478: tube's front end. This meant that t
Page 479 and 480: Star in Collo Ceti" about the star
Page 481 and 482: years, Herschel would observe some
Page 483 and 484: fluid, but added that ages of obser
Page 485 and 486: Appendix D Photo Credits in order o
Page 487 and 488: A Abell426, 101 Acrux, 388, 392, 39
Page 489 and 490: index Caldwell 44, 173, 176-178 Cal
Page 491 and 492: and nebulae, 271, 274, 362 and open
Page 493 and 494: Hevelius, Johannes, 72, 81, 452 Hip
Page 495 and 496: M103, 49-50, 58-59 M110, 77 MACHOs.
Page 497 and 498: NGC 3324, 369 NGC 3372 (Caldwell 92
Page 499 and 500: Perseus Cluster, 101 Phi Cas Cluste
Page 501 and 502: Τ Tarantula Nebula (Caldwell 103),
show all

The Caldwell Objects

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?