The Caldwell Objects

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New Zealand, 5, 360, 368 NGC 14, 174 NGC 40 (Caldwell 2), 9, 22-23 NGC 55 (Caldwell 72), 277-283 NGC 57, 175 NGC 104 (Caldwell 106), 321, 409, 413-416 NGC 121, 416 NGC 134, 440-441 NGC 147 (Caldwell 17), 75-78 NGC 185 (Caldwell 18), 75-78 NGC 188 (Caldwell 1), 19-21 NGC 246 (Caldwell 56), 223-226 NGC 247 (Caldwell 62), 245-247 NGC 253 (Caldwell 65), 258-262, 260, 439 NGC 255, 225 NGC 281, 431-432 NGC 288, 260, 439 NGC 300 (Caldwell 70), 277-283 NGC 346, 410, 411 NGC 362 (Caldwell 104), 409-413, 411 NGC 371, 410, 411 NGC 404, 435 NGC 406, 413 NGC 436, 61 NGC 457 (Caldwell 13), 58-61 NGC 559 (Caldwell 8), 41-43 NGC 654, 49 NGC 659, 49, 51 NGC 663 (Caldwell 10), 49-51 NGC 708, 114 NGC 752 (Caldwell 28), 112-114 NGC 753, 114 NGC 869. See Caldwell 14 NGC 884. See Caldwell 14 NGC 891 (Caldwell 23), 96-99, 150-151, 153 NGC 1097 (Caldwell 67), 266-269 NGC 1097A, 266, 269 NGC 1261 (Caldwell 87), 345-347, 412 NGC 1270, 100, 103 NGC 1272, 100, 103 NGC 1273, 100, 103 NGC 1275 (Caldwell 24), 100-103 478 NGC 1277, 100, 103 NGC 1278, 100, 103 NGC 1281, 100, 103 NGC 1333, 436 NGC 1360, 438 NGC 1528, 433-434 NGC 1647, 168, 436-437 NGC 1792, 291 NGC 1808, 291 NGC 1851 (Caldwell 73), 288-291 NGC 1893, 124 NGC 2070 (Caldwell 103), 405-408, 406 NGC 2237. See Caldwell 49 NGC 2238. See Caldwell 49 NGC 2244 (Caldwell 50), 194-201 NGC 2246. See Caldwell 49 NGC 2261 (Caldwell 46), 182-186 NGC 2264, 185 NGC 2354, 257 NGC 2360 (Caldwell 58), 231-233 NGC 2362 (Caldwell 64), 254-257 NGC 2392 (Caldwell 39), 154-158, 155 NGC 2403 (Caldwell 7), 37-40 NGC 2419 (Caldwell 25), 104-106 NGC 2420, 158 NGC 2451,287 NGC 2477 (Caldwell 71), 305-310, 308,309 NGC 2506 (Caldwell 54), 215-217 NGC 2516 (Caldwell 96), 377, 384-387 NGC 2539, 216 NGC 2669, 341 NGC 2775 (Caldwell 48), 191-193 NGC 2777, 192 NGC 2867 (Caldwell 90), 354-357, 356 NGC 3115 (Caldwell 53), 211-214 NGC 3132 (Caldwell 74), 292-295, 293 NGC 3149, 428 NGC 3195 (Caldwell 109), 5, 426-429, 428 NGC 3200, 238 NGC 3201 (Caldwell 79), 314-317, 377 NGC 3242 (Caldwell 59), 234-238, 440 NGC 3293, 369 Deep-Sky Companions: The Caldwell Objects
NGC 3324, 369 NGC 3372 (Caldwell 92), ix, 361-369, 363, 377 NGC 3532 (Caldwell 91), 358-360 NGC 3605, 159 NGC 3607, 159 NGC 3608, 159 NGC 3621, 440 NGC 3626 (Caldwell 40), 155-161 NGC 3766 (Caldwell 97), 388-390 NGC 4027, 242 NGC 4038 (Caldwell 60), 102, 239-244, 241 NGC 4039 (Caldwell 61), 102, 239-244, 241 NGC 4128, 26 NGC 4190, 108 NGC 4214, 108 NGC 4236 (Caldwell 3), 24-26 NGC 4244 (Caldwell 26), 13, 107-108 NGC 4372 (Caldwell 108), 5, 377, 417, 420-422 NGC 4449 (Caldwell 21), 89-91 NGC 4460,91 NGC 4485, 434 NGC 4490, 434 NGC 4494, 153 NGC 4550, 160 NGC 4559 (Caldwell 36), 139-142 NGC 4562, 152 NGC 4565 (Caldwell 38), 150-153, 441 NGC 4605, 430-431 NGC 4609 (Caldwell 98), 377,391, 395—396 NGC 4627, 127 NGC 4631 (Caldwell 32), 126-128, 435 NGC 4656. See Hockey Stick NGC 4657. See Hockey Stick NGC 4697 (Caldwell 52), 207-210 NGC 4755 (Caldwell 94), 376-380, 377 NGC 4833 (Caldwell 105), 3, 5, 377,417-420 NGC 4874, 136-137 NGC 4889 (Caldwell 35), 135-138 NGC 4898AB, 135,137 NGC 4921, 136-137 NGC 4945 (Caldwell 83), 332-335 NGC 4976, 335 NGC 5005 (Caldwell 29), 115-117 NGC 5033, 116 NGC 5082,310 NGC 5086,310 NGC 5090,310 NGC 5090A,310 NGC 5090B,310 NGC 5091,310 NGC 5102, 441-442 NGC 5128 (Caldwell 77), 305-310, 307,309 NGC 5139 (Caldwell 80), 318-323, 413 NGC 5248 (Caldwell 45), 179-181 NGC 5286 (Caldwell 84), 336-338 NGC 5307, 338 NGC 5694 (Caldwell 66), 263-265 NGC 5749, 350 NGC 5823 (Caldwell 88), 348-350 NGC 5866, 160, 432-433 NGC 5897, 437-438 NGC 5979, 383 NGC 6025 (Caldwell 95), 381-383 NGC 6087 (Caldwell 89), 14, 351-353 NGC 6101 (Caldwell 107), 5, 423-425 NGC 6124 (Caldwell 75), 296-299 NGC 6139, 299 NGC 6153, 299 NGC 6188, 329 NGC 6193 (Caldwell 82), 328-331 NGC 6231 (Caldwell 76), 300-304, 302,304 NGC 6242, 303, 304 NGC 6268, 303, 304 NGC 6281,443 NGC 6302 (Caldwell 69), 274-276 NGC 6337, 276 NGC 6352 (Caldwell 81), 324-327 NGC 6397 (Caldwell 86), 274, 342-344 NGC 6496,312 NGC 6541 (Caldwell 78), 311-313 NGC 6543 (Caldwell 6), 33-36 NGC 6723, 270,430, 442 NGC 6726, 270, 272-273, 430 NGC 6727, 270, 272-273, 430 index 479
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DEEP-SKY COMPANIONS The Caldwell Ob
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DEEP-SKY COMPANIONS The Caldwell Ob
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Contents Foreword by Patrick Moore
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to be more difficult than others, s
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years of thought and observation ar
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XII position, type, angular size, a
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sky and share its splendors. There
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CHAPTER 1 About This Book O N ONE S
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times vog can back up and cause a s
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when there is moisture in the air.
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Herschel's original observations, p
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we use today and to one another? I
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SIMBAD (Set of identifications, Mea
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Caldwell 26. The objects in the Cal
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tion near the edges of the charts).
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nights of observing. Unless otherwi
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CHAPTER 2 The Caldwell Objects 1 1
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Because of its location far from th
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as strongly energized as would be e
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suggested by the patchiness of NGC
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4 NGC 7023 Type: Reflection Nebula
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astronomers found direct evidence o
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and his contemporaries. Why then wa
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6 Cat's Eye Nebula NGC 6543 Type: P
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Eighth-magnitude NGC 6543 is locate
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7 NGC 2403 Type: Mixed Spiral Galax
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according to theory, the gas densit
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8 Ghost’s Goblet NGC 559 Type: Op
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One other thing adds to the cluster
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RA: 22 h 56.8 m Dec: +62° 37' Mag:
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nebula is a near impossibility, eve
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1 0 The Horseshoe Cluster NGC 663 T
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heart of the cluster, dividing it i
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appears to be the edge of a rapidly
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1 2 NGC 6946 Type: Mixed Spiral Gal
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to the west by a row of similarly b
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the south-southwest. NGC 457, howev
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photographs. The cluster's bright "
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play begins at 8:00 p.m., when my e
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ightness by summing the contributio
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jewels. Here are sapphires, rubies,
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15 outer shell falls upon the retin
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"knots" have also been noted by exp
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tight gathering of a half-dozen rou
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1 7 NGC 147 Type: Elliptical Galaxy
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the center. A faint outer halo is a
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1 9 Cocoon Nebula IC 5146 (nebula)
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trickle into the pool surrounding t
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2 0 North America Nebula NGC 7000 T
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egion's size and mass extreme when
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The Caldwell Objects 20 87
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2 1 Box Galaxy NGC 4449 Type: Irreg
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fuse but obvious glow of patchy lig
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qualifier—the word "light" — ha
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with a sheen of light, especially a
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1003, NGC 1023, and NGC 1058 (a nic
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Way) that pop in and out of view as
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RA: 03 h 19 m 48 s Dec: +41° 30.7'
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Through the 4-inch, NGC 1275 is les
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(300,000 light-years), Pal 4 (360,0
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26 Silver Needle Galaxy NGC 4244 Ty
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2 7 Crescent Nebula NGC 6888 Type:
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Observatory, England) still lists a
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pie refractors and inefficient spec
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29 NGC 5005 Type: Mixed Spiral Gala
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s h a edges. r p However, Christian
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ulars; challenge yourself and your
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NGC 7331 is extended much farther t
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away" stars escaped the confines of
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sweep the telescope in a north-sout
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highly suspect by some. However, in
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33 Network Nebula; Bridal Veil Nebu
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A quarter-second later, the star en
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under the dark skies of Seagrave Ob
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35 NGC 4889 Type: Elliptical Galaxy
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magnitude 12.2 some 18' to the east
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36 NGC 4559 Type: Mixed Spiral Gala
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Comae Berenices, the obvious northe
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3 7 NGC 6885 Type: Open Cluster Con
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pressed, stars of magnitude 6 to 11
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of Herschel's telescope. W then e e
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see the dark needle near the third
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sion of a "thin flat ring of enormo
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(which does not appear on Sky Atlas
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not be found in planetary nebulae,
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star in a large naked-eye triangle
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4 0 NGC 3626 Type: Lenticular Galax
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40 NGC 4546 in Virgo, NGC 4138 in C
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Northern Hemisphere, and people cel
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magnitude field star 2' to the nort
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this state of affairs.) The Hyades
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4 2 NGC 7006 Type: Globular Cluster
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each square arcminute of its disk s
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4 3 Electric Arc NGC 7814 Type: Spi
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hook as my "train route." Start at
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230 billion Suns and a physical dia
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4 5 NGC 5248 Type: Mixed Spiral Gal
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of the field. Those living under da
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1" in a mere four days. Clearly, La
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porarily) even the most practiced o
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stragglers are stars that appear to
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4 8 NGC 2775 Type: Spiral Galaxy (S
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with a CCD camera — discovered a
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this wreathlike network of dust and
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fuzzy patch of light with the unaid
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known as NGC 2244; and NGC 2239 sho
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At a glance the two stars at the cl
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On four plates taken with the Bruce
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years. A total of 43 star-cluster c
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5 2 NGC 4697 Type: Elliptical Galax
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northeast of the sixth star in the
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53 The Spindle NGC 3115 Type: Lenti
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and the 100-inch telescopes atop Mo
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emerge, followed by a diffuse outer
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perfection than is actually the cas
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jets, like a stream of water from t
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5 6 Pac-Man Nebula NGC246 Type: Pla
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the triple-alpha process, wherein t
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5 7 Barnard's Galaxy NGC 6822 Type:
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to show how the galaxy's western re
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core and limber arms, which, he wro
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esembles Jupiter . . . '" Smyth's f
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years" and suggests amateurs monito
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6 0 Ringtail Galaxy; Rataail Galaxy
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war. X-ray images taken by the Rosa
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W. Sinnott's NGC 2000.0 has a visua
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62 Milkweed Seed Galaxy NGC247 Type
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through the narrow haze. But give t
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was more readily seen in binoculars
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Society. Accepting that distance, w
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any large telescope that can provid
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ought it to our attention in the Fe
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inch the cluster shows a pyramid of
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NGC 253 is the brightest member of
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magnitude stars, one just to the ea
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6 6 NGC5694 Type: Globular Cluster
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you see its core dancing? Its starl
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cosmologist Halton Arp (Max-Planck
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and kinked. All this detail is wrap
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telescope. But seeing it takes more
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streamers begin to appear, but they
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tounding, because NGC 6302 is a mag
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70 Southern Pinwheel NGC300 Type: S
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would John Herschel suddenly fault
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Dunlop discovered NGC 55 with his 9
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even when crossing the meridian. Co
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"nebulous clusters" (Class II); and
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galaxy's disk and halo. NGC 2477 ap
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condensed, almost to the very margi
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The asymmetry remains at high power
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other popular nickname, the Eight-B
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longed look, the object displays a
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times larger than the full Moon. In
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emains of a globular cluster that w
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he classified them accordingly. NGC
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NGC 6231). Under averted vision the
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7 7 Centaurus A NGC5128 Type: Pecul
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Harvard College Observatory's 24-in
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at 16 million light-years. If you s
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78 NGC 6541 Type: Globular Cluster
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seems to fragment into tiny stars,
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sense, evinced by any known cluster
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12th-magnitude double star. The clu
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original with Bayer, but goes back
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Omega Centauri is generally regarde
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glitter all come to mind as the clu
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shattered remains of their diminuti
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It's a nice even disk of l0th-magni
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with the fiery reddish light of hyd
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nebulosity when he viewed the regio
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the two jets of radio-wave-emitting
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pair of tweezers. A fairly bright s
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suggest that our universe may be on
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8 5 Omicron Velorum Cluster IC2391
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Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, however,
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much sky as does the full Moon, tho
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timates, making it 2 billion years
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NGC 5822. Don't be surprised if you
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89 S Normae Cluster NGC 6087 Type:
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fact, if you look about 7' southwes
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lowing night fell clear, when Hersc
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NGC 2867 is a nitrogen-rich planeta
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halfway between M37 in Auriga (200
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9 2 Eta Carinae Nebula GC 3372 Type
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anch of cold, dark material. Indeed
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stretch 16 billion km from the cent
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the object was known to some civili
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east, and a dim lip of gas to the s
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1 0 1 NGC 6744 Type: Barred Spiral
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have been identified in NGC 6752's
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ightest spiral arm(s) to the north,
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his maiden voyage of discovery in 1
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simply takes much too much effort t
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very wide double of near-equal inte
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went out and looked at the cluster
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NGC 2516 is 60 million years young
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and contains some 1,890 members, wh
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9 8 Coalsack Cluster NGC 4609 Type:
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it near the Swan? There is a still
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with the naked eye is a challenge.
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1 0 0 Lambda Centauri Cluster Colli
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position updates to (2000.0) R.A. 1
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Eta Carinae Nebula. But remember th
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9th magnitude. Of the latter, 23 ha
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103 1 0 3 Tarantula Nebula; True Lo
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southern-sky explorer Abbe Nicolas
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ters it has had thus far with the g
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ly east of NGC 362 we find the magn
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the eye ever inward and takes your
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1 0 5 Southern Butterfly NGC 4833 T
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stars"). Lacaille also likened NGC
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is about 7' in length, and nearly 2
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evealed a significant blue-straggle
Page 445 and 446: ightest stars shine around 4th magn
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Page 449 and 450: The galaxy received some incidental
Page 451 and 452: This entry is obviously in error, b
Page 453 and 454: 7 N G C 4 0 4 T y L p e n : G t a i
Page 455 and 456: pointed her 7x35 binoculars toward
Page 457 and 458: 13 NGC 288 Type: Globular Cluster C
Page 459 and 460: your telescope on Eta Sculptoris an
Page 461 and 462: 19 N G C 6 2 8 1 T y O p e C : n l
Page 463 and 464: C Name Type Con. R.A. Dec Mag. Size
Page 465 and 466: C Name Type Con. R.A. Dec Mag. Size
Page 467 and 468: Appendix B Why Messier Did N o t i
Page 469 and 470: A typical pattern for evening hunti
Page 471 and 472: Earth turns, the cluster would clim
Page 473 and 474: Initially Herschel made his living
Page 475 and 476: of the heavens with it. For his swe
Page 477 and 478: tube's front end. This meant that t
Page 479 and 480: Star in Collo Ceti" about the star
Page 481 and 482: years, Herschel would observe some
Page 483 and 484: fluid, but added that ages of obser
Page 485 and 486: Appendix D Photo Credits in order o
Page 487 and 488: A Abell426, 101 Acrux, 388, 392, 39
Page 489 and 490: index Caldwell 44, 173, 176-178 Cal
Page 491 and 492: and nebulae, 271, 274, 362 and open
Page 493 and 494: Hevelius, Johannes, 72, 81, 452 Hip
Page 495: M103, 49-50, 58-59 M110, 77 MACHOs.
Page 499 and 500: Perseus Cluster, 101 Phi Cas Cluste
Page 501 and 502: Τ Tarantula Nebula (Caldwell 103),
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