The Caldwell Objects

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446 C Name Type Con. R.A. Dec Mag. Size (') Notes Page 47 NGC 6934 GC Del 20 h 34.2 m +07° 24' 8.8 7.1 187 48 NGC 2775 SG Cnc 09 h 10.3 m +07° 02' 10.1 5x4 191 49 2237-8/46 BN Mon 06 h 32.3 m +05° 03' -5.0 80x60 Rosette Nebula 194 50 NGC 2244 OC Mon 06 h 32.3 m +04° 51' 4.8 30 assoc. w/Rosette 194 51 IC1613 IG Cet 01 h 04.8 m +02° 07' 9.2 19x17 The Scarecrow 202 52 NGC 4697 EG Vir 12 h 48.6 m -05° 48' 9.2 7x5 in Virgo Cluster 207 53 NGC 3115 SG Sex 10 h 05.2 m -07° 43' 8.9 7x3 The Spindle 211 54 NGC 2506 OC Mon 08 h 00.0 m -10° 46' 7.6 12 215 55 NGC 7009 PN Aqr 21 h 04.2 m -11°22' 8.0 0.7 x 0.4 Saturn Nebula 218 56 NGC 246 PN Cet 00 h 47.l m -11° 52' 10.9 5x4 Pac-Man Nebula 223 57 NGC 6822 IG Sgr 19 h 44.9 m -14° 48' 8.8 15 Barnard's Galaxy 227 58 NGC 2360 OC CMa 07 h 17.7 m -15° 38' 7.2 14 231 59 NGC 3242 PN Hya 10 h 24.8 m -18° 39' 7.8 0.8 x 0.6 Ghost of Jupiter 234 60 NGC 4038 IG Crv 12 h 01.9 m -18°52' 10.5 11x6 Ringtail Gal. NW 239 61 NGC 4039 IG Crv 12 h 01.9 m -18°53' 10.3 10x4 Ringtail Gal. SE 239 62 NGC 247 SG Cet 00 h 47.1 m -20° 46' 9.2 22x7 Milkweed Seed Gal. 245 63 NGC 7293 PN Aqr 22 h 29.6 m -20° 50' 7.3 12 x 10 Helix Nebula 248 64 NGC 2362 OC CMa 07 h 18.7 m -24° 57' 4.1 6 Tau CMa Cluster 254 65 NGC 253 SG Scl 00 h 47.6 m -25° 17' 7.6 26x6 Sculptor Galaxy 258 66 NGC 5694 GC Hya 14 h 39.6 m -26° 32' 10.2 4.3 263 67 NGC 1097 SG For 02 h 46.3 m -30° 16' 9.2 10x6 266 68 NGC 6729 BN CrA 19h 01.9m -36° 57' -9.5 1.3 var. R CrA Nebula 270 69 NGC 6302 PN Sco 17 var. h 13.7m -37° 06' 9.6 1.4 x 0.4 Bug Nebula 274 Deep-Sky Companions: The Caldwell Objects
C Name Type Con. R.A. Dec Mag. Size (') Notes Page 70 NGC 300 SG Scl 00 h 54.9 m -37° 41' 8.1 20 x 15 Southern Pinwheel 277 71 NGC 2477 OC Pup 07 h 52.2 m -38° 32' 5.8 20 284 72 NGC 55 SG Scl 00 h 15.1 m -39° 13' 8.1 34x6 277 73 NGC 1851 GC Col 05 h 14. l m -40° 03' 7.1 12 288 74 NGC 3132 PN Vel 10 h 07.0 m -40° 26' 9.4 1.4 x 0.9 So. Ring Neb. 292 75 NGC 6124 OC Sco 16 h 25.3 m -40° 40' 5.8 40 296 76 NGC 6231 OC Sco 16 h 54.2 m -41° 50' 2.6 14 False Comet Cluster 300 77 NGC 5128 EG Cen 13 h 25.5 m -43° 01’ 6.7 17x13 Centaurus A 305 78 NGC 6541 GC CrA 18 h 08.0 m -43° 43' 6.3 15 311 79 NGC 3201 GC Vel 10 h 17.6 m -46° 25' 6.7 20 314 80 NGC 5139 GC Cen 13 h 26.8 m -47° 29' 3.7 55 Omega Centauri 318 81 NGC 6352 GC Ara 17 h 25.5 m -48° 25' 8.0 7.1 324 82 NGC 6193 OC Ara 16 h 41.3 m -48° 46' 5.2 14 328 83 NGC 4945 SG Cen 13 h 05.4 m -49° 28' 8.8 19x4 Tweezers Galaxy 332 84 NGC 5286 GC Cen 13 h 46.4 m -51° 22' 7.3 11 336 85 IC 2391 OC Vel 08 h 40.3 m -52° 55' 2.5 60 Omicron Vel CI. 339 86 NGC 6397 GC Ara 17 h 40.7 m -53° 40' 5.7 31 342 87 NGC 1261 GC Hor 03 h 12.3 m -55° 13' 8.3 6.8 345 88 NGC 5823 OC Cir 15 h 05.4 m -55° 36' 7.9 12 348 89 NGC 6087 OC Nor 16 h 18.9 m -57° 54' 5.4 15 S Normae Cluster 351 90 NGC 2867 PN Car 09 h 21.4 m -58° 19' 9.7 0.2 354 91 NGC 3532 OC Car 11 h 05.5 m -58° 44' 3.0 50 Pincushion Cluster 358 92 NGC 3372 BN Car 10 h 43.8 m -59° 52' 4.8 var. 120 var. Eta Carinae Nebula 361 Appendix A 447
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DEEP-SKY COMPANIONS The Caldwell Ob
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DEEP-SKY COMPANIONS The Caldwell Ob
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Contents Foreword by Patrick Moore
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to be more difficult than others, s
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years of thought and observation ar
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XII position, type, angular size, a
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sky and share its splendors. There
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CHAPTER 1 About This Book O N ONE S
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times vog can back up and cause a s
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when there is moisture in the air.
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Herschel's original observations, p
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we use today and to one another? I
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SIMBAD (Set of identifications, Mea
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Caldwell 26. The objects in the Cal
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tion near the edges of the charts).
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nights of observing. Unless otherwi
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CHAPTER 2 The Caldwell Objects 1 1
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Because of its location far from th
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as strongly energized as would be e
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suggested by the patchiness of NGC
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4 NGC 7023 Type: Reflection Nebula
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astronomers found direct evidence o
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and his contemporaries. Why then wa
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6 Cat's Eye Nebula NGC 6543 Type: P
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Eighth-magnitude NGC 6543 is locate
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7 NGC 2403 Type: Mixed Spiral Galax
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according to theory, the gas densit
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8 Ghost’s Goblet NGC 559 Type: Op
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One other thing adds to the cluster
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RA: 22 h 56.8 m Dec: +62° 37' Mag:
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nebula is a near impossibility, eve
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1 0 The Horseshoe Cluster NGC 663 T
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heart of the cluster, dividing it i
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appears to be the edge of a rapidly
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1 2 NGC 6946 Type: Mixed Spiral Gal
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to the west by a row of similarly b
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the south-southwest. NGC 457, howev
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photographs. The cluster's bright "
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play begins at 8:00 p.m., when my e
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ightness by summing the contributio
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jewels. Here are sapphires, rubies,
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15 outer shell falls upon the retin
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"knots" have also been noted by exp
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tight gathering of a half-dozen rou
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1 7 NGC 147 Type: Elliptical Galaxy
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the center. A faint outer halo is a
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1 9 Cocoon Nebula IC 5146 (nebula)
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trickle into the pool surrounding t
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2 0 North America Nebula NGC 7000 T
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egion's size and mass extreme when
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The Caldwell Objects 20 87
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2 1 Box Galaxy NGC 4449 Type: Irreg
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fuse but obvious glow of patchy lig
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qualifier—the word "light" — ha
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with a sheen of light, especially a
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1003, NGC 1023, and NGC 1058 (a nic
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Way) that pop in and out of view as
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RA: 03 h 19 m 48 s Dec: +41° 30.7'
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Through the 4-inch, NGC 1275 is les
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(300,000 light-years), Pal 4 (360,0
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26 Silver Needle Galaxy NGC 4244 Ty
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2 7 Crescent Nebula NGC 6888 Type:
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Observatory, England) still lists a
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pie refractors and inefficient spec
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29 NGC 5005 Type: Mixed Spiral Gala
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s h a edges. r p However, Christian
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ulars; challenge yourself and your
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NGC 7331 is extended much farther t
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away" stars escaped the confines of
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sweep the telescope in a north-sout
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highly suspect by some. However, in
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33 Network Nebula; Bridal Veil Nebu
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A quarter-second later, the star en
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under the dark skies of Seagrave Ob
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35 NGC 4889 Type: Elliptical Galaxy
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magnitude 12.2 some 18' to the east
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36 NGC 4559 Type: Mixed Spiral Gala
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Comae Berenices, the obvious northe
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3 7 NGC 6885 Type: Open Cluster Con
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pressed, stars of magnitude 6 to 11
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of Herschel's telescope. W then e e
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see the dark needle near the third
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sion of a "thin flat ring of enormo
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(which does not appear on Sky Atlas
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not be found in planetary nebulae,
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star in a large naked-eye triangle
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4 0 NGC 3626 Type: Lenticular Galax
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40 NGC 4546 in Virgo, NGC 4138 in C
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Northern Hemisphere, and people cel
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magnitude field star 2' to the nort
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this state of affairs.) The Hyades
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4 2 NGC 7006 Type: Globular Cluster
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each square arcminute of its disk s
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4 3 Electric Arc NGC 7814 Type: Spi
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hook as my "train route." Start at
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230 billion Suns and a physical dia
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4 5 NGC 5248 Type: Mixed Spiral Gal
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of the field. Those living under da
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1" in a mere four days. Clearly, La
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porarily) even the most practiced o
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stragglers are stars that appear to
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4 8 NGC 2775 Type: Spiral Galaxy (S
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with a CCD camera — discovered a
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this wreathlike network of dust and
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fuzzy patch of light with the unaid
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known as NGC 2244; and NGC 2239 sho
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At a glance the two stars at the cl
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On four plates taken with the Bruce
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years. A total of 43 star-cluster c
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5 2 NGC 4697 Type: Elliptical Galax
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northeast of the sixth star in the
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53 The Spindle NGC 3115 Type: Lenti
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and the 100-inch telescopes atop Mo
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emerge, followed by a diffuse outer
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perfection than is actually the cas
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jets, like a stream of water from t
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5 6 Pac-Man Nebula NGC246 Type: Pla
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the triple-alpha process, wherein t
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5 7 Barnard's Galaxy NGC 6822 Type:
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to show how the galaxy's western re
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core and limber arms, which, he wro
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esembles Jupiter . . . '" Smyth's f
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years" and suggests amateurs monito
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6 0 Ringtail Galaxy; Rataail Galaxy
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war. X-ray images taken by the Rosa
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W. Sinnott's NGC 2000.0 has a visua
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62 Milkweed Seed Galaxy NGC247 Type
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through the narrow haze. But give t
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was more readily seen in binoculars
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Society. Accepting that distance, w
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any large telescope that can provid
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ought it to our attention in the Fe
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inch the cluster shows a pyramid of
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NGC 253 is the brightest member of
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magnitude stars, one just to the ea
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6 6 NGC5694 Type: Globular Cluster
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you see its core dancing? Its starl
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cosmologist Halton Arp (Max-Planck
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and kinked. All this detail is wrap
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telescope. But seeing it takes more
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streamers begin to appear, but they
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tounding, because NGC 6302 is a mag
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70 Southern Pinwheel NGC300 Type: S
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would John Herschel suddenly fault
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Dunlop discovered NGC 55 with his 9
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even when crossing the meridian. Co
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"nebulous clusters" (Class II); and
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galaxy's disk and halo. NGC 2477 ap
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condensed, almost to the very margi
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The asymmetry remains at high power
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other popular nickname, the Eight-B
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longed look, the object displays a
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times larger than the full Moon. In
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emains of a globular cluster that w
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he classified them accordingly. NGC
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NGC 6231). Under averted vision the
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7 7 Centaurus A NGC5128 Type: Pecul
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Harvard College Observatory's 24-in
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at 16 million light-years. If you s
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78 NGC 6541 Type: Globular Cluster
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seems to fragment into tiny stars,
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sense, evinced by any known cluster
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12th-magnitude double star. The clu
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original with Bayer, but goes back
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Omega Centauri is generally regarde
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glitter all come to mind as the clu
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shattered remains of their diminuti
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It's a nice even disk of l0th-magni
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with the fiery reddish light of hyd
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nebulosity when he viewed the regio
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the two jets of radio-wave-emitting
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pair of tweezers. A fairly bright s
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suggest that our universe may be on
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8 5 Omicron Velorum Cluster IC2391
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Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, however,
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much sky as does the full Moon, tho
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timates, making it 2 billion years
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NGC 5822. Don't be surprised if you
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89 S Normae Cluster NGC 6087 Type:
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fact, if you look about 7' southwes
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lowing night fell clear, when Hersc
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NGC 2867 is a nitrogen-rich planeta
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halfway between M37 in Auriga (200
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9 2 Eta Carinae Nebula GC 3372 Type
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anch of cold, dark material. Indeed
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stretch 16 billion km from the cent
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the object was known to some civili
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east, and a dim lip of gas to the s
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1 0 1 NGC 6744 Type: Barred Spiral
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have been identified in NGC 6752's
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ightest spiral arm(s) to the north,
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his maiden voyage of discovery in 1
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simply takes much too much effort t
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very wide double of near-equal inte
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went out and looked at the cluster
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NGC 2516 is 60 million years young
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and contains some 1,890 members, wh
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9 8 Coalsack Cluster NGC 4609 Type:
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it near the Swan? There is a still
Page 413 and 414: with the naked eye is a challenge.
Page 415 and 416: 1 0 0 Lambda Centauri Cluster Colli
Page 417 and 418: position updates to (2000.0) R.A. 1
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Page 421 and 422: 9th magnitude. Of the latter, 23 ha
Page 423 and 424: 103 1 0 3 Tarantula Nebula; True Lo
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Page 427 and 428: 104 NGC 362 Type: Globular Cluster
Page 429 and 430: ters it has had thus far with the g
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Page 435 and 436: 1 0 5 Southern Butterfly NGC 4833 T
Page 437 and 438: stars"). Lacaille also likened NGC
Page 439 and 440: is about 7' in length, and nearly 2
Page 441 and 442: 107 NGC 6101 Type: Globular Cluster
Page 443 and 444: evealed a significant blue-straggle
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Page 449 and 450: The galaxy received some incidental
Page 451 and 452: This entry is obviously in error, b
Page 453 and 454: 7 N G C 4 0 4 T y L p e n : G t a i
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Page 457 and 458: 13 NGC 288 Type: Globular Cluster C
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Page 461 and 462: 19 N G C 6 2 8 1 T y O p e C : n l
Page 463: C Name Type Con. R.A. Dec Mag. Size
Page 467 and 468: Appendix B Why Messier Did N o t i
Page 469 and 470: A typical pattern for evening hunti
Page 471 and 472: Earth turns, the cluster would clim
Page 473 and 474: Initially Herschel made his living
Page 475 and 476: of the heavens with it. For his swe
Page 477 and 478: tube's front end. This meant that t
Page 479 and 480: Star in Collo Ceti" about the star
Page 481 and 482: years, Herschel would observe some
Page 483 and 484: fluid, but added that ages of obser
Page 485 and 486: Appendix D Photo Credits in order o
Page 487 and 488: A Abell426, 101 Acrux, 388, 392, 39
Page 489 and 490: index Caldwell 44, 173, 176-178 Cal
Page 491 and 492: and nebulae, 271, 274, 362 and open
Page 493 and 494: Hevelius, Johannes, 72, 81, 452 Hip
Page 495 and 496: M103, 49-50, 58-59 M110, 77 MACHOs.
Page 497 and 498: NGC 3324, 369 NGC 3372 (Caldwell 92
Page 499 and 500: Perseus Cluster, 101 Phi Cas Cluste
Page 501 and 502: Τ Tarantula Nebula (Caldwell 103),
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The Caldwell Objects

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