a) b - École Polytechnique de Montréal

on the topic have been reported in 2000. The number of published papers per year is represented
in Figure 2-33(http://www.chem.fsu.edu/multilayers/).
Publication per year
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
LbL Multilayers Publications per Year
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Figure 2-33. LbL multilayers publications per year
Polyelectrolyte is not the only component for the LbL technique as various types of
macromolecular species (charged preferred), such as nanoparticles (NPs)(Caruso, Lichtenfeld,
Giersig, & Mohwald, 1998; Kotov, et al., 1995), nanowires(R. Gunawidjaja, 2006; Tang, Kotov,
& Giersig, 2002), inorganic molecular clusters(Keller, Kim, & Mallouk, 1994), organic
dyes(Nicol, Habib-Jiwan, & Jonas, 2003), polypeptides(Lvov, Ariga, Ichinose, & Kunitake,
1995), DNA(Lvov, Decher, & Sukhorukov, 1993), and viruses(Dimitrova, 2007) can be applied
as the assembly components. Kotov called the resulting material a nanoparticle-polymer hybrid
and explained that by this method, unique properties of monolayers and nanoparticles can be
combined with the good mechanical properties of polymers. LbL deposition has practically no
limitations on the type of the substrate. Multilayer fabrication by the LbL(Krass, Papastavrou, &
Kurth, 2003) assembly technique can use various interactions other than electrostatic interaction,
including hydrogen bonding(Stockton & Rubner, 1997), donor/acceptor interactions(Shimazaki,
Mitsuishi, Ito, & Yamamoto, 1997), and metal-ion coordination(Krass, et al., 2003). The
theoretical description of this theory is quite complex because of the special interactions between
the layers. There have been several attempts to model this method(Joanny, 1999; Solis, Cruz, &
M., 1999) but they have been inaccurate and certain calculations have not been represented yet.
Year
69