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(33) Narkis, M.; Zilberman, M.; Siegmann, A. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 1997, 8, 525. (34) Zilberman, M.; Titelman, G. I.; Siegmann, A.; Haba, Y.; Narkis, M.; Alperstein, D. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 1997, 66, 243. (35) Woo Jin, B.; Won Ho, J.; Yun Heum, P. Synthetic Metals 2003, 132, 239. (36) Planes, J.; Wolter, A.; Cheguettine, Y.; Pron, A.; Genoud, F.; Nechtschein, M. Physical Review B (Con<strong>de</strong>nsed Matter) 1998, 58, 7774. (37) Morgan, H.; Foot, P. J. S.; Brooks, N. W. Journal of Materials Science 2001, 36, 5369. (38) Qinghua, Z.; Xianhong, W.; Yanhou, G.; Dajun, C.; Xiabin, J. Journal of Polymer Science, Part B (Polymer Physics) 2002, 40, 2531. (39) Moon Gyu, H.; Seung Soon, I. Polymer 2001, 42, 7449. (40) Chipara, M. I.; Munteanu, I.; Notingher, P.; Chipara, M. D.; Reyes Romero, J.; Negreanu, B.; Panaitescu, D.; IEEE: Vasteras, Swe<strong>de</strong>n, 1998, p 372. (41) Rodrigues, P. C.; Akcelrud, L. Polymer 2003, 44, 6891. (42) Dong-Uk, C.; Kitae, S.; Young Chul, K.; Yun Heum, P.; Jun Young, L.; Gordon & Breach: Kyoto, Japan, 2001; Vol. 370, p 399. (43) Ong, C. H.; Goh, S. H.; Chan, H. S. O. Polymer Bulletin (Berlin) 1997, 39, 627. (44) Cao, Y.; Smith, P.; Heeger, A. J. Synthetic Metals 1992, 48, 91. (45) Yang, C. Y.; Cao, Y.; Smith, P.; Heeger, A. J. Polymer Preprints, Division of Polymer Chemistry, American Chemical Society 1993, 34, 790. (46) Privalko, V. P.; Ponomarenko, S. M.; Privalko, E. G.; Lobkov, S. V.; Rekhteta, N. A.; Pud, A. A.; Bandurenko, A. S.; Shapoval, G. S. Journal of Macromolecular Science - Physics 2005, B44, 749. (47) Bliznyuk, V. N.; Baig, A.; Singamaneni, S.; Pud, A. A.; Fatyeyeva, K. Y.; Shapoval, G. S. Polymer 2005, 46, 11728. (48) Fraysse, J.; Planes, J.; Dufresne, A.; Taylor and Francis Inc.: Poznan, 2000; Vol. 354, p 511. (49) Levon, K.; Margolina, A.; Patashinsky, A. Z. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 4061. (50) Haba, Y.; Segal, E.; Narkis, M.; Titelman, G. I.; Siegmann, A. Synthetic Metals 2000, 110, 189. (51) Narkis, M.; Haba, Y.; Segal, E.; Zilberman, M.; Titelman, G. I.; Siegmann, A. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 2000, 11, 665. (52) Cox, W. P.; Merz, E. H. Journal of Polymer Science 1958, 28, 619. (53) Yasuda, K.; Armstrong, R.; Cohen, R. Rheologica Acta 1981, 20, 163. (54) Virgilio, N.; Favis, B. D.; Pepin, M.-F.; Desjardins, P.; L'Esperance, G. Macromolecules 2005, 38, 2368. (55) Wu, S. Polymer Interface and Adhesion; Marcel Dekker Inc.: New York, 1982. (56) Baradie, B.; Shoichet, M. S. Macromolecules 2003, 36, 2343. (57) Reignier, J.; Favis, B. D.; Heuzey, M.-C. Polymer 2003, 44, 49. 134
ONION MORPHOLOGY HDPE PVDF PS Control of the morphology Table of Contents MULTI-PERCOLATED MORPHOLOGY Addition of PANI Solvent extraction 135 POLYANILINE NETWORK
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© Sepehr Ravati, 2010. UNIVERSITÉ
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DEDICATED To my parents iii
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RÉSUMÉ Cette thèse présente, po
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devenir une structure hiérarchique
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ABSTRACT This thesis presents, for
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system can be increased from 10 -15
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CONDENSÉ EN FRANÇAIS Dans ce trav
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deuxième coquille de PS. Les phase
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structures à percolation multiple
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autre sous-type de morphologie dans
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TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION.......
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xxiii 2.4.1.1.1 Charged Polymer Ads
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5.3.4 Annealing Test ..............
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xxvii REFERENCES ..................
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LIST OF FIGURES xxix Figure 1-1. a)
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Figure 2-12. SEM photomicrograph of
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Figure 2-34. Schematic view of diff
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Figure 4-8. SEM micrographs of vari
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Figure 5-6. a),b) Scanning electron
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and c) triangular concentration dia
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n number of moles p concentration o
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AFM atomic force microscopy LIST OF
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PS-co-PMMA copolymer of PS and PMMA
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1.1 Introduction CHAPTER 1 - INTROD
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Figure 1-2. Human heart, longitudin
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One of the applications for porous
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On the other hand, a novel tri-cont
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2.1 Polymer Blends CHAPTER 2 - LITE
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Based on Sterling’s approximation
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Antonoff’s rule (Equation 2-13) i
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2.1.2.1 Binary Polymer Blends 2.1.2
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Some other studies(Everaert, Aerts,
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where the parameter z is dependent
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“compatibilization” was suggest
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a) λ BC A and B are matrices, b) C
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Reignier & Favis, 2000, 2003a; Reig
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measure the interfacial tension of
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a) b) Figure 2-6. Dependence of the
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Omonov et al. found double percolat
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2.1.2.2.3 Effect of Composition on
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a) b) C B A c) Figure 2-12. SEM pho
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In the case where PS is the matrix,
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Posthuma de Boer, 1999) (Kumin & Ch
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lattice, such as square lattice, wi
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magnetization, which is a function
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Polymers have long been thought of
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epoxy as a function of nanotube wei
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Figure 2-19. Approaching the percol
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Figure 2-21. Transmission electron
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Figure 2-22: Dependence of PE conti
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Figure 2-24. Plot of the total numb
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chain provides the conductive path
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2.3.1.2.1 Polyaniline One of the mo
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CoPA/LLDPE/PANI blend and a poor-qu
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Narkis and co-workers extended and
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Figure 2-31: Conductivity of PVDF/P
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organic thin films, a novel and str
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on the topic have been reported in
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succeeded in creating thin films wi
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Addition of salt to the solution of
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different from that of linear homop
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Figure 2-39. Macromolecule with a)
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polyanion such as hyaluronan (HA)(P
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2.4.1.1.7 Effect of Salt on Multila
Page 129 and 130: 2.4.1.1.8 Overcompensation of the M
Page 131 and 132: important factors determining the g
Page 133 and 134: As shown in Figure 2-44, swelling a
Page 135 and 136: increasing the pH value due to a de
Page 137 and 138: CHAPTER 3 - ORGANIZATION OF THE ART
Page 139 and 140: discussed above, HDPE, PS, PMMA, an
Page 141 and 142: CHAPTER 4 - LOW PERCOLATION THRESHO
Page 143 and 144: or model which predicts where the p
Page 145 and 146: concentration threshold for the ons
Page 147 and 148: chemical and weathering resistance,
Page 149 and 150: Table 4-1. Material Characteristics
Page 151 and 152: filled with blend pellets. To facil
Page 153 and 154: 4.3.6 Conductivity Measurements DC
Page 155 and 156: experimentally in this research gro
Page 157 and 158: a) b) c) d) Figure 4-4. Schematic i
Page 159 and 160: microstructure of the quaternary bl
Page 161 and 162: a) b) c) d) Figure 4-6. SEM microgr
Page 163 and 164: a) b) PVDF PS PMMA c) d) e) HDPE PS
Page 165 and 166: Uniform layers of PS and PMMA situa
Page 167 and 168: the concentration of HDPE is increa
Page 169 and 170: a) b) c) e) Figure 4-11. SEM microg
Page 171 and 172: melt-processable and contains 25 wt
Page 173 and 174: One question that should be address
Page 175 and 176: Conductivity(S/cm) Ternary Blend 1,
Page 177 and 178: phase(PMMA), the concentration of P
Page 179: (6) Virgilio, N.; Desjardins, P.; L
Page 183 and 184: work described above has focused on
Page 185 and 186: thermodynamic explanation to predic
Page 187 and 188: four-point probe increases continuo
Page 189 and 190: in the rheology tests were compress
Page 191 and 192: 5.3.6 Layer-by-Layer Deposition The
Page 193 and 194: prepare a polymer blend structure w
Page 195 and 196: a) b) c) Figure 5-3. Scanning elect
Page 197 and 198: spontaneously self-assembled. After
Page 199 and 200: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Figure 5-5.
Page 201 and 202: Since the ultra-low surface area va
Page 203 and 204: c) a) b) Figure 5-6. a),b) Scanning
Page 205 and 206: salt to a PSS polyelectrolyte solut
Page 207 and 208: A relationship between macropore si
Page 209 and 210: close together. It is interesting t
Page 211 and 212: Figure 5-9. Mass increase (%) indic
Page 213 and 214: In this work the conductance of the
Page 215 and 216: deposited PANI layers increases unt
Page 217 and 218: (52) Guo, H. F.; Packirisamy, S.; G
Page 219 and 220: 6.2 Introduction It is well-known t
Page 221 and 222: modified version of Harkins theory(
Page 223 and 224: 6.3 Experimental 6.3.1 Materials Co
Page 225 and 226: Complex voscosity (Pa.s) 1,0E+04 1,
Page 227 and 228: 6.3.5.2 Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and
Page 229 and 230: a) c) b) d) e) f) PMMA PMMA HDPE HD
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y Harkins theory, PS will always si
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a) b) c) d) e) f) PS Figure 6-6. a)
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a) b) HDPE : black PS : grey PMMA :
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6.4.6 Continuity, Co-continuity, an
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c) V III II I VII I IV VI Figure 6-
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Continuity Scheme (a) Figure 6-10.
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Addition of a low concentration of
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Addition of small amounts of HDPE t
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icontinuous network with the HDPE.
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Three examples are shown in Figure
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(9) Mekhilef, N.; Verhoogt, H. Poly
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structures are formed due to the co
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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS In t
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REFERENCES A. K. Gupta, K. R. S. (1
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Caruso, F. (2003). Hollow Inorganic
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Domenech, S. C., Bortoluzzi, J. H.,
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Geuskens, G., Gielens, J. L., Geshe
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Hou, S., Harrell, C. C., Trofin, L.
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Krass, H., Papastavrou, G., & Kurth
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Macdiarmid, A. G., Jin-Chih, C., Ha
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Niziol, J., & Laska, J. (1999). Con
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Reghu, M., Yoon, C. O., Yang, C. Y.
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Shirakawa, H., Louis, E. L., MacDia
Page 277 and 278:
Utracki, L. A. (1991). On the visco
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Yasuda, K., Armstrong, R., & Cohen,
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literature has examined factors inf
Page 283 and 284:
(Reignier & Favis, 2000, 2003a; Rei
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Table A-1.2. Interfacial tensions a
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acquisition of images with a very h
Page 289 and 290:
Table A-1.3. Continuity of the PMMA
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(17) Reignier, J.; Favis, B. D., Ma
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PANI. Theoretically, the extent of
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Equation A-2.7 0( ) 0 1. 5 σ = σ
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Cumulative Mass × 10 5 (g) dipping
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of PANI, and an increase in the con
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Resistance(ohm) 1.0E+12 1.0E+11 1.0
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esistance value. Samples containing
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The results of resistance for PS/PE
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Caruso, F., & Schuler, C. (2000). E
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