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a) b - École Polytechnique de Montréal

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LIST OF FIGURES<br />

xxix<br />

Figure 1-1. a) Capillary vessels in eye(Malek et al., 2005) b) renal corpuscles tissue<br />

(Rahmy, 2001) c)(Rahmy, 2001) Hypertrophied parietal cell d)(Rahmy, 2001)<br />

Epithelial lining cells of a proximal convoluted .......................................................... 2<br />

Figure 1-2. Human heart, longitudinal collagen fibers (bar = 50 µm)(Wang Gusukuma,<br />

Prates, & Smith, 2004) ................................................................................................. 3<br />

Figure 1-3. a), b), c) Some of the polymer blend samples observed by Veeco<br />

lab(http://www.veeco.com/library/resources/Sample_Preparation/in<strong>de</strong>x.aspx),<br />

d)three-phase contact morphology(Virgilio, Desjardins, L'Esperance, & Favis,<br />

2009), e)two-phase contact morphology(Zhang, Ravati, Virgilio, & Favis,<br />

2007), f) Spherulitic crystallization behavior of polymers(Feng & Kamal, 2005)<br />

g) gold nanoparticles and their incorporation into polymer matrices(Meli &<br />

Lennox, 2003) .............................................................................................................. 4<br />

Figure 1-4. a), b) A mo<strong>de</strong>l of the polyurethane foam ma<strong>de</strong> of interconnected rods, b) a<br />

mo<strong>de</strong>l of interconnected macroporosity, c)ultra-porous structure with 99%<br />

porosity ma<strong>de</strong> of PDADMAC/BSA(Roy, Sarazin, & Favis, 2006) ............................ 4<br />

Figure 1-5. MIT and Cambridge University scientists <strong>de</strong>veloped this tissue scaffold that<br />

could help repair knees and other joints. The top section, indicated by the green<br />

arrow, stimulates bone growth, while the lower half, marked by the orange<br />

arrow, stimulates cartilage growth(http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2009/cartilage-<br />

0511.html) .................................................................................................................... 5<br />

Figure 2-1. Electrical conductivity versus PANI content of polymer/PANI binary<br />

blends(Zilberman, et al., 2000d). ............................................................................... 20<br />

Figure 2-2. Action of the diblock copolymer to reduce the pore size for 50/50 PLLA/PS<br />

blends at copolymer concentrations of (a) 2.5%, (b) 5%, (c) 8%, (d) 12%, (e)<br />

15%, and (f) 20%. Copolymer concentration shown is based on the weight of<br />

polystyrene. The white bar indicates 1 micron(Sarazin & Favis, 2003). ................... 21

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