a) b - École Polytechnique de Montréal

2.1.2.2 Ternary Polymer Blends ................................................................................... 22
2.1.2.2.1 Composite Droplet Morphology ................................................................. 25
2.1.2.2.2 Double-Percolated Systems ......................................................................... 30
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2.1.2.2.3 Effect of Composition on Ternary Blends with Complete Wetting
Morphology................................................................................................................... 33
2.1.2.2.4 Interfacially Modified Ternary Polymer Blends ......................................... 34
2.1.2.3 Quaternary Polymer Blend Systems ................................................................. 35
2.1.3 Porous Polymeric Substrates Prepared by Melt-Blending ........................................ 37
2.1.3.1 Controlling the Pore Size in the Substrate ........................................................ 37
2.1.3.1.1 Coarsening of Binary and Ternary Polymeric Systems .............................. 38
2.2 Percolation Theory ........................................................................................................ 40
2.2.1 Universality Systems ................................................................................................ 42
2.3 Conductive Materials .................................................................................................... 43
2.3.1 Electrically Conductive Polymers and Composites .................................................. 45
2.3.1.1 Conducting Polymer Composite Materials (CPCM) ........................................ 46
2.3.1.1.1 Parameters Influencing the Percolation Threshold of Conductive Fillers .. 49
2.3.1.1.2 Percolation Threshold of Carbon-Nanotube Polymer Composites ............. 54
2.3.1.1.3 Disadvantages of Conductive Fillers, Especially Carbon Black ................. 54
2.3.1.2 Intrinsically Conductive Polymers .................................................................... 56
2.3.1.2.1 Polyaniline ................................................................................................... 59
2.3.1.2.1.1 Binary PANI/Polymer or Ternary PANI/Polymer/Polymer Blends .... 59
2.4 Self-assembly Processes in Material Science ............................................................... 66
2.4.1 Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly Technique ............................................................... 66
2.4.1.1 Fabrication of Conductive Multilayers by the LbL Method ............................. 70