a) b - École Polytechnique de Montréal

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Sau, K., Chaki, T., & Khastgir, D. (1997). Conductive rubber composites from different blends of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber and nitrile rubber. Journal of Materials Science, 32(21), 5717-5724. Sau, K. P., Chaki, T. K., & Khastgir, D. (1998). Carbon fibre filled conductive composites based on nitrile rubber (NBR), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) and their blend. Polymer, 39(25), 6461-6471. Scher, H., & Zallen, R. (1970). Critical Density in Percolation Processes. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 53(9), 3759-3761. Schlenoff, J. B., & Dubas, S. T. (2001). Mechanism of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Growth: Charge Overcompensation and Distribution. Macromolecules, 34(3), 592-598. Schlenoff, J. B., Ly, H., & Li, M. (1998). Charge and mass balance in polyelectrolyte multilayers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 120(30), 7626-7634. Schmidt, V. M., Tegtmeyer, D., & Heitbaum, J. (1995). Transport of protons and water through polyaniline membranes studied with on-line mass spectrometry. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 385(2), 149-155. Schmitt, J., Gruenewald, T., Decher, G., Pershan, P. S., Kjaer, K., & Loesche, M. (1993). Internal structure of layer-by-layer adsorbed polyelectrolyte films: A neutron and X-ray reflectivity study. Macromolecules, 26(25), 7058-7063. Schneider, G., & Decher, G. (2004). From Functional Core/Shell Nanoparticles Prepared via Layer-by-Layer Deposition to Empty Nanospheres. Nano Letters, 4(10), 1833-1839. Schoeler, B., Kumaraswamy, G., & Caruso, F. (2002). Investigation of the influence of polyelectrolyte charge density on the growth of multilayer thin films prepared by the layer-by-layer technique. Macromolecules, 35(3), 889-897. Schwarz, S., Eichhorn, K. J., Wischerhoff, E., & Laschewsky, A. (1999). Polyelectrolyte adsorption onto planar surfaces: A study by streaming potential and ellipsometry measurements. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 159(2-3), 491-501. Scott, R. L. (1949). The Thermodynamics of High Polymer Solutions. IV. Phase Equilibria in the Ternary System: Polymer---Liquid 1---Liquid 2. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 17(3), 268-279. Segal, E., Haba, Y., Narkis, M., & Siegmann, A. (2001). On the structure and electrical conductivity of polyaniline/polystyrene blends prepared by an aqueous-dispersion blending method. Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics, 39(5), 611-621. Shacklette, L. W., Han, C. C., & Luly, M. H. (1993). Polyaniline blends in thermoplastics. Synthetic Metals, 57(1), 3532-3537. Shimazaki, Y., Mitsuishi, M., Ito, S., & Yamamoto, M. (1997). Preparation of the Layer-by- Layer Deposited Ultrathin Film Based on the Charge-Transfer Interaction. Langmuir, 13(6), 1385-1387. 228
Shirakawa, H., Louis, E. L., MacDiarmid, A. G., Chiang, C. K., & Heeger, A. J. (1977). Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers: halogen derivatives of polyacetylene, (CH)x. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 578 - 580. Shiratori, S. S., & Rubner, M. F. (2000). pH-Dependent Thickness Behavior of Sequentially Adsorbed Layers of Weak Polyelectrolytes. Macromolecules, 33(11), 4213-4219. Sichel, E. (1982). Carbon Black-Polymer Composites. New York: Marcel Dekker. Siggia, E. D. (1979). Late stages of spinodal decomposition in binary mixtures. Physical Review A (General Physics), 20(2), 595-605. Skorokhov, V. V. (1972). The Rheological Principles of Sintering Theory. Kiev: Nauka. Smuckler J, H., & Finnerty P, M. (1974). Performance of Conductive Carbon Blacks in a Typical Plastics System Fillers and Reinforcements for Plastics (pp. 171-183). Washington, D. C.: American Chemical Society. Soares, B. G., Gubbels, F., Jerome, R., Teyssie, P., Vanlathem, E., & Deltour, R. (1995). Electrical conductivity in carbon black-loaded polystyrene-polyisoprene blends. Selective localization of carbon black at the interface. Polymer Bulletin (Berlin), 35(1-2), 223. Solis, F. J., Cruz, d. l., & M., O. (1999). Surface-induced layer formation in polyelectrolytes. Journal of Chemical Physics, 110(23), 11517-11522. Solonin, S. M., & Chernyshev, L. I. (1975). Effects of sintering conditions on the physicomechanical properties of porous tungsten. Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics (English translation of Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya), 14(10), 806-808. Stauffer, D., & Aharony, A. (1994b). Introduction to Percolation Theory. London: Taylor and Francis. Steinmann, S., Gronski, W., & Friedrich, C. (2001). Cocontinuous polymer blends: Influence of viscosity and elasticity ratios of the constituent polymers on phase inversion. Polymer, 42(15), 6619-6629. Steinmann, S., Gronski, W., & Friedrich, C. (2002). Quantitative rheological evaluation of phase inversion in two-phase polymer blends with cocontinuous morphology. Rheologica Acta, 41(1-2), 77-86. Stockton, W. B., & Rubner, M. F. (1997). Molecular-level processing of conjugated polymers. 4. Layer-by-layer manipulation of polyaniline via hydrogen-bonding interactions. Macromolecules, 30(9), 2717-2725. Stratouras, G., & Kosmas, M. (1992). Are ring polymers adsorbed on a surface more than linear polymers? Macromolecules, 25(12), 3307-3308. Su, T. M., Ball, I. J., Conklin, J. A., Huang, S.-C., Larson, R. K., Nguyen, S. L., et al. (1997). Polyaniline/polyimide blends for pervaporation and gas separation studies. Synthetic Metals, 84(1-3 pt 1), 801-802. Sui, Z., Salloum, D., & Schlenoff, J. B. (2003). Effect of Molecular Weight on the Construction of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers: Stripping versus Sticking. Langmuir, 19(6), 2491- 2495. 229
Page 1 and 2:
© Sepehr Ravati, 2010. UNIVERSITÉ
Page 3 and 4:
DEDICATED To my parents iii
Page 5 and 6:
RÉSUMÉ Cette thèse présente, po
Page 7 and 8:
devenir une structure hiérarchique
Page 9 and 10:
ABSTRACT This thesis presents, for
Page 11 and 12:
system can be increased from 10 -15
Page 13 and 14:
CONDENSÉ EN FRANÇAIS Dans ce trav
Page 15 and 16:
deuxième coquille de PS. Les phase
Page 17 and 18:
structures à percolation multiple
Page 19 and 20:
autre sous-type de morphologie dans
Page 21 and 22:
TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION.......
Page 23 and 24:
xxiii 2.4.1.1.1 Charged Polymer Ads
Page 25 and 26:
5.3.4 Annealing Test ..............
Page 27 and 28:
xxvii REFERENCES ..................
Page 29 and 30:
LIST OF FIGURES xxix Figure 1-1. a)
Page 31 and 32:
Figure 2-12. SEM photomicrograph of
Page 33 and 34:
Figure 2-34. Schematic view of diff
Page 35 and 36:
Figure 4-8. SEM micrographs of vari
Page 37 and 38:
Figure 5-6. a),b) Scanning electron
Page 39 and 40:
and c) triangular concentration dia
Page 41 and 42:
n number of moles p concentration o
Page 43 and 44:
AFM atomic force microscopy LIST OF
Page 45 and 46:
PS-co-PMMA copolymer of PS and PMMA
Page 47 and 48:
1.1 Introduction CHAPTER 1 - INTROD
Page 49 and 50:
Figure 1-2. Human heart, longitudin
Page 51 and 52:
One of the applications for porous
Page 53 and 54:
On the other hand, a novel tri-cont
Page 55 and 56:
2.1 Polymer Blends CHAPTER 2 - LITE
Page 57 and 58:
Based on Sterling’s approximation
Page 59 and 60:
Antonoff’s rule (Equation 2-13) i
Page 61 and 62:
2.1.2.1 Binary Polymer Blends 2.1.2
Page 63 and 64:
Some other studies(Everaert, Aerts,
Page 65 and 66:
where the parameter z is dependent
Page 67 and 68:
“compatibilization” was suggest
Page 69 and 70:
a) λ BC A and B are matrices, b) C
Page 71 and 72:
Reignier & Favis, 2000, 2003a; Reig
Page 73 and 74:
measure the interfacial tension of
Page 75 and 76:
a) b) Figure 2-6. Dependence of the
Page 77 and 78:
Omonov et al. found double percolat
Page 79 and 80:
2.1.2.2.3 Effect of Composition on
Page 81 and 82:
a) b) C B A c) Figure 2-12. SEM pho
Page 83 and 84:
In the case where PS is the matrix,
Page 85 and 86:
Posthuma de Boer, 1999) (Kumin & Ch
Page 87 and 88:
lattice, such as square lattice, wi
Page 89 and 90:
magnetization, which is a function
Page 91 and 92:
Polymers have long been thought of
Page 93 and 94:
epoxy as a function of nanotube wei
Page 95 and 96:
Figure 2-19. Approaching the percol
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 2-21. Transmission electron
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 2-22: Dependence of PE conti
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 2-24. Plot of the total numb
Page 103 and 104:
chain provides the conductive path
Page 105 and 106:
2.3.1.2.1 Polyaniline One of the mo
Page 107 and 108:
CoPA/LLDPE/PANI blend and a poor-qu
Page 109 and 110:
Narkis and co-workers extended and
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 2-31: Conductivity of PVDF/P
Page 113 and 114:
organic thin films, a novel and str
Page 115 and 116:
on the topic have been reported in
Page 117 and 118:
succeeded in creating thin films wi
Page 119 and 120:
Addition of salt to the solution of
Page 121 and 122:
different from that of linear homop
Page 123 and 124:
Figure 2-39. Macromolecule with a)
Page 125 and 126:
polyanion such as hyaluronan (HA)(P
Page 127 and 128:
2.4.1.1.7 Effect of Salt on Multila
Page 129 and 130:
2.4.1.1.8 Overcompensation of the M
Page 131 and 132:
important factors determining the g
Page 133 and 134:
As shown in Figure 2-44, swelling a
Page 135 and 136:
increasing the pH value due to a de
Page 137 and 138:
CHAPTER 3 - ORGANIZATION OF THE ART
Page 139 and 140:
discussed above, HDPE, PS, PMMA, an
Page 141 and 142:
CHAPTER 4 - LOW PERCOLATION THRESHO
Page 143 and 144:
or model which predicts where the p
Page 145 and 146:
concentration threshold for the ons
Page 147 and 148:
chemical and weathering resistance,
Page 149 and 150:
Table 4-1. Material Characteristics
Page 151 and 152:
filled with blend pellets. To facil
Page 153 and 154:
4.3.6 Conductivity Measurements DC
Page 155 and 156:
experimentally in this research gro
Page 157 and 158:
a) b) c) d) Figure 4-4. Schematic i
Page 159 and 160:
microstructure of the quaternary bl
Page 161 and 162:
a) b) c) d) Figure 4-6. SEM microgr
Page 163 and 164:
a) b) PVDF PS PMMA c) d) e) HDPE PS
Page 165 and 166:
Uniform layers of PS and PMMA situa
Page 167 and 168:
the concentration of HDPE is increa
Page 169 and 170:
a) b) c) e) Figure 4-11. SEM microg
Page 171 and 172:
melt-processable and contains 25 wt
Page 173 and 174:
One question that should be address
Page 175 and 176:
Conductivity(S/cm) Ternary Blend 1,
Page 177 and 178:
phase(PMMA), the concentration of P
Page 179 and 180:
(6) Virgilio, N.; Desjardins, P.; L
Page 181 and 182:
ONION MORPHOLOGY HDPE PVDF PS Contr
Page 183 and 184:
work described above has focused on
Page 185 and 186:
thermodynamic explanation to predic
Page 187 and 188:
four-point probe increases continuo
Page 189 and 190:
in the rheology tests were compress
Page 191 and 192:
5.3.6 Layer-by-Layer Deposition The
Page 193 and 194:
prepare a polymer blend structure w
Page 195 and 196:
a) b) c) Figure 5-3. Scanning elect
Page 197 and 198:
spontaneously self-assembled. After
Page 199 and 200:
a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Figure 5-5.
Page 201 and 202:
Since the ultra-low surface area va
Page 203 and 204:
c) a) b) Figure 5-6. a),b) Scanning
Page 205 and 206:
salt to a PSS polyelectrolyte solut
Page 207 and 208:
A relationship between macropore si
Page 209 and 210:
close together. It is interesting t
Page 211 and 212:
Figure 5-9. Mass increase (%) indic
Page 213 and 214:
In this work the conductance of the
Page 215 and 216:
deposited PANI layers increases unt
Page 217 and 218:
(52) Guo, H. F.; Packirisamy, S.; G
Page 219 and 220:
6.2 Introduction It is well-known t
Page 221 and 222:
modified version of Harkins theory(
Page 223 and 224: 6.3 Experimental 6.3.1 Materials Co
Page 225 and 226: Complex voscosity (Pa.s) 1,0E+04 1,
Page 227 and 228: 6.3.5.2 Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and
Page 229 and 230: a) c) b) d) e) f) PMMA PMMA HDPE HD
Page 231 and 232: y Harkins theory, PS will always si
Page 233 and 234: a) b) c) d) e) f) PS Figure 6-6. a)
Page 235 and 236: a) b) HDPE : black PS : grey PMMA :
Page 237 and 238: 6.4.6 Continuity, Co-continuity, an
Page 239 and 240: c) V III II I VII I IV VI Figure 6-
Page 241 and 242: Continuity Scheme (a) Figure 6-10.
Page 243 and 244: Addition of a low concentration of
Page 245 and 246: Addition of small amounts of HDPE t
Page 247 and 248: icontinuous network with the HDPE.
Page 249 and 250: Three examples are shown in Figure
Page 251 and 252: (9) Mekhilef, N.; Verhoogt, H. Poly
Page 253 and 254: structures are formed due to the co
Page 255 and 256: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS In t
Page 257 and 258: REFERENCES A. K. Gupta, K. R. S. (1
Page 259 and 260: Caruso, F. (2003). Hollow Inorganic
Page 261 and 262: Domenech, S. C., Bortoluzzi, J. H.,
Page 263 and 264: Geuskens, G., Gielens, J. L., Geshe
Page 265 and 266: Hou, S., Harrell, C. C., Trofin, L.
Page 267 and 268: Krass, H., Papastavrou, G., & Kurth
Page 269 and 270: Macdiarmid, A. G., Jin-Chih, C., Ha
Page 271 and 272: Niziol, J., & Laska, J. (1999). Con
Page 273: Reghu, M., Yoon, C. O., Yang, C. Y.
Page 277 and 278: Utracki, L. A. (1991). On the visco
Page 279 and 280: Yasuda, K., Armstrong, R., & Cohen,
Page 281 and 282: literature has examined factors inf
Page 283 and 284: (Reignier & Favis, 2000, 2003a; Rei
Page 285 and 286: Table A-1.2. Interfacial tensions a
Page 287 and 288: acquisition of images with a very h
Page 289 and 290: Table A-1.3. Continuity of the PMMA
Page 291 and 292: (17) Reignier, J.; Favis, B. D., Ma
Page 293 and 294: PANI. Theoretically, the extent of
Page 295 and 296: Equation A-2.7 0( ) 0 1. 5 σ = σ
Page 297 and 298: Cumulative Mass × 10 5 (g) dipping
Page 299 and 300: of PANI, and an increase in the con
Page 301 and 302: Resistance(ohm) 1.0E+12 1.0E+11 1.0
Page 303 and 304: esistance value. Samples containing
Page 305 and 306: The results of resistance for PS/PE
Page 307 and 308: Caruso, F., & Schuler, C. (2000). E
show all

a) b - École Polytechnique de Montréal

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?