An Introduction to French Pronunciation

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98 The Semi-Consonants in Detail whether i, u, ou before a vowel represent /i, y, u/ or the corresponding semi-consonants /j, d, w/. If the indications in 13.7.2–13.7.7 are followed, no problems of consequence are likely to arise. 13.7.2 In initial position (i.e. when no consonant precedes), use the semi-consonant, e.g.: hiérarchie /jerarʃi/ huer /de/ ouate /wat/ iambe /je:b/ Huon /df/ ouest /wεst/ iode /jbd/ ouïr /wi:r/ 13.7.3 When only one consonant precedes, either at the beginning or in the middle of a word, the usual pronunciation is a semi-consonant, e.g.: alliance /alje:s/ duodénum /ddbdenbm/ douane /dwan/ confiant /kffje/ lingual /lhgdal/ échouer /eʃwe/ diabète /djabεt/ lueur /ldœ:r/ fouet /fwε/ épicier /episje/ muet /mdε/ (nous) louons /lwf/ janvier /ʒevje/ nuage /nda:ʒ/ Louis /lwi/ lion /ljf/ ruelle /rdεl/ nouer /nwe/ nier /nje/ suave /sda:v/ Rouen /rwe/ pieux /pjø/ Suède /sdεd/ souhait /swε/ sciure /sjy:r/ sueur /sdœ:r/ tatouer /tatwe/ viande /vje:d/ tuer /tde/ vouer /vwe/ 13.7.4 In certain words that would normally be covered by the principles set out in 13.7.2 and 13.7.3, and particularly when the group consonant + semi-consonant occurs at the beginning of the word, a vowel rather than a semi-consonant not infrequently occurs, especially in rather slow speech and/ or after a word ending in a consonant. In such cases, /i/ is followed by a transitional /j/ (see 13.4.3), e.g. lion /lijf /, une liaison /yn lijεzf/; also nuage /nya:ʒ/, nouer /nue/, etc. In some words, the pronunciation with a vowel is in fact the more usual, e.g. hier /ijε:r/ or /jε:r/, riant, which is nearly always /rije/, and buanderie, for which Martinet and Walter (1973) give only the pronunciation /byedri /.
The Semi-Consonants in Detail 99 13.7.5 After a consonant cluster consisting of a stop, /f/ or /v/ + /l/ or /r/, the pronunciation is a vowel not a semiconsonant, e.g.: cendrier /sedrije/ affluence /aflye:s / clouer /klue/ février /fevrije/ cruel /kryεl/ éblouissant /ebluise/ (il) oublia /ublija/ fluorure /flybry:r / écrouer /ekrue/ patriote /patrijbt/ truand /trye/ trouer /true/ plier /plije/ ( je) priais /prijε/ quatrième /katrijεm/ triomphe /trijf:f/ This does not apply to /di/ (see 13.7.7) or to the spelling oi (see 13.7.8). 13.7.6 After other consonantal groups, the pronunciation is usually a semi-consonant, e.g.: dernier /dεrnje/ actuel /aktdεl/ escouade /εskwad/ espion /εspjf/ estuaire /εstdε:r/ forestier /fbrεstje/ éternuer /etεrnde/ gardien /gardjh/ fastueux /fastdø/ partiel /parsjεl/ Stuart /stda:r/ quartier /kartje/ 13.7.7 The group ui is always pronounced /di/, even after a group stop or /f/ + /l/ or /r/ (see 13.7.5), e.g. bruit /brdi/, construire /kfstrdi:r/, fluide /fldid/ fruit /frdi/, truite /trdit/. 13.7.8 The group oi (oî ) is always pronounced /wa/ or /wa/ (see 10.9.4), even after a stop or /f/ + /l/ or /r/ (see 13.7.5), e.g. Blois /blwa/, cloison /klwazf/, croire /krwa:r/, droit /drwa/, effroi /efrwa/, étroit /etrwa/, gloire /glwa:r/, trois /trwa, trwa/ (contrast troua /trua/).
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An Introduction to French Pronuncia
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An Introduction to French Pronuncia
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Contents Preface x 1 General Consid
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Contents vii 8.4 Closed and Open Sy
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Contents ix 16.1 The Varieties of F
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General Considerations 1 1 General
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General Considerations 3 material.
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General Considerations 5 standard w
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General Considerations 7 to pronoun
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General Considerations 9 Transcript
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General Considerations 11 We are th
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2 The Production of Speech 13 The P
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Lips T T A Tip T = Teeth A = Alveol
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The Production of Speech 17 (iii) t
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3 The Articulation of French 19 The
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4 The Vowel Phonemes 4.1 Principles
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4.5 Orality or Nasality The Vowel P
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The Vowel Phonemes 25 However, the
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5 5.1 General The Semi-Consonants T
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6 The Consonant Phonemes 29 The Con
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6.4 Presence or Absence of Voice Th
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The Consonant Phonemes 33 discussed
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The Consonant Phonemes 35 IPA symbo
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The Rhythmic Group 37 shall call
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The Rhythmic Group 39 froid chez vo
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8 The Syllable 8.1 Introduction The
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The Syllable 43 (v) A cluster consi
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9 Stress 9.1 Normal Stress Stress 4
Page 57 and 58: Stress 47 He’s fantastically clev
Page 59 and 60: Stress 49 word is sometimes stresse
Page 61 and 62: Stress 51 9.5.4 An utterance such a
Page 63 and 64: 10 10.1 Introduction The Vowels in
Page 65 and 66: The Vowels in Detail 55 to attempt
Page 67 and 68: The Vowels in Detail 57 The pronunc
Page 69 and 70: The Vowels in Detail 59 contrasted
Page 71 and 72: The Vowels in Detail 61 - to substi
Page 73 and 74: The Vowels in Detail 63 jeudi /ʒø
Page 75 and 76: The Vowels in Detail 65 English wor
Page 77 and 78: The Vowels in Detail 67 (iii) in th
Page 79 and 80: The Vowels in Detail 69 (iii) (with
Page 81 and 82: The Vowels in Detail 71 The only ci
Page 83 and 84: The Vowels in Detail 73 /e/ is alwa
Page 85 and 86: The Vowels in Detail 75 10.12.3 The
Page 87 and 88: Mute e 77 when unstressed. This see
Page 89 and 90: Mute e 79 /mc kfpre ty/, ne dites p
Page 91 and 92: Mute e 81 ‘rules’ given below i
Page 93 and 94: Mute e 83 as have actually been hea
Page 95 and 96: Mute e 85 than one word may in cert
Page 97 and 98: Mute e 87 (ii) before onze, onzièm
Page 99 and 100: Vowel Length 89 ‘long’. In real
Page 101 and 102: 12.6 Rule 4 Vowel Length 91 Other v
Page 103 and 104: Vowel Length 93 In the circumstance
Page 105 and 106: The Semi-Consonants in Detail 95 co
Page 107: The Semi-Consonants in Detail 97 th
Page 111 and 112: The Consonants in Detail: (I) Stops
Page 113 and 114: 14.4 Point of Articulation The Cons
Page 115 and 116: The Consonants in Detail: (I) Stops
Page 117 and 118: The Consonants in Detail: (II) Fric
Page 119 and 120: 16 The Consonants in Detail: (III)
Page 121 and 122: The Consonants in Detail: (III) /r/
Page 127 and 128: 17 Gemination Gemination 117 17.1 L
Page 129 and 130: Gemination 119 with either a simple
Page 131 and 132: Gemination 121 (i) some words havin
Page 133 and 134: Consonantal Assimilation 123 18.1.3
Page 135 and 136: Consonantal Assimilation 125 necess
Page 137 and 138: Consonantal Assimilation 127 18.3.4
Page 140 and 141: 19 19.1 Origins Liaison Liaison 129
Page 142 and 143: 19.2 The Problem Liaison 131 19.2.1
Page 144 and 145: Liaison 133 (i) words ending in -t,
Page 146 and 147: Liaison 135 in such expressions as
Page 148 and 149: Liaison 137 va/. (The reason why th
Page 150 and 151: Liaison 139 after an imperative, e.
Page 152 and 153: Liaison 141 19.6.2 The following, t
Page 154 and 155: Liaison 143 19.7.4 Between a verb (
Page 156 and 157: 20 Intonation 20.1 Introduction Int
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Intonation 147 Foremost among such
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Intonation 149 But if no syllable (
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20.4 Yes-No Questions Intonation 15
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Dans quelle rue | l’avez-vous ach
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20.7 Level Intonation Intonation 15
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References and Further Reading 157
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160 Index Allemagne 113 allemand 79
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162 Index cent 25, 33, 73, 129, 137
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164 Index différentes 137 différe
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166 Index filtre 91 fini 90 finir 1
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168 Index intention 42 iode 98 iodi
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170 Index mourait 120 mourir 120 mo
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172 Index plâtre 68 plein 25, 42,
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174 Index sciure 98 se 79, 82 sec 5
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176 Index vaciller 95 vague 102 vai
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An Introduction to French Pronunciation

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