An Introduction to French Pronunciation

More documents

Recommendations

Info

58 The Vowels in Detail e.g. ( je) dirais, is pronounced in exactly the same way as the future, ( je) dirai /dire/. 10.6.4 In so far as there is a distinction between /e/ and /ε/ in unstressed open syllables (see 10.6.5), it can be expressed as follows: (i) where a corresponding stressed syllable has /e/ and there is no difference in spelling, use /e/, e.g.: Stressed syllable Unstressed open syllable forcé /fbrse/ forcément /fbrseme/ fée /fe/ féerique /ferik/ pied /pje/ pied-à-terre /pjetatε:r/ gai /ge/ gaité /gete/, gaiement /geme/ (ii) where a corresponding stressed syllable has /ε/ and there is no difference in spelling (the distinction between ai and aî can be ignored), use /ε/, e.g.: Stressed syllable Unstressed open syllable coquet /kbkε/ coquetterie /kbkεtri/ mettre /mεtr/ (nous) mettons /mεtf/ prêt /prε/ prêteur /prεtœ:r/ pêche /pεʃ/ pêcheur /pεʃœ:r/ ( je) professe /prbfεs/ professeur /prbfεsœ:r/ profession /prbfεsjf/ (ils) plaisent /plε:z/ (nous) plaisons /plεzf/ plaisanterie /plεzetri/ ( je) laisse /lεs/ (nous) laissons /lεsf/ laid /lε/ laideur /lεdœ:r/ maître /mεtr/ maîtresse /mεtrεs/ neige /nε:ʒ/ (il) neigeait /nεʒε/ (iii) where there is no such corresponding stressed syllable, the following guidelines cover the great majority of cases (no account is taken here of e = /c/ – see chapter 11): /e/ if the spelling is e (for some exceptions, see below), or é, e.g. message /mesa:ʒ/, effort /efb:r/, essai /esε/, descendre /dese:dr/, pellicule /pelikyl/, léger /leʒe/, régler /regle/ (as
The Vowels in Detail 59 contrasted with règle /rεgl/ ); this also applies to the determiners les, des, mes, tes, ses, ces, and to the pronoun les, e.g. les hommes /lez bm/, des chats /de ʃa/, mes enfants /mez efe/, ces fruits /se frdi/, je les vois /ʒc le vwa/; /ε/ in the verb forms es, est, e.g. tu n’es pas beau /ty nε pa bo/, il est là /il ε la/ and before -rr-, e.g. aberrant /abεre/, terrible /tεribl/, terreur /tεrœ:r/, perroquet /pεrbkε/, derrière /dεrjε:r/, erroné /εrbne/ (/ε/ may also sometimes be heard in some words before -ll-, pronounced /l/, or -ss-, e.g. tellurique /tεlyrik/, essai /εsε/); /ε/ elsewhere, e.g. maison /mεzf/, faisceau /fεso/, meilleur /mεjœ:r/. 10.6.5 The following alternative pronunciations should be noted: (i) Despite what has been said in 10.6.4, it must be noted that there is a widespread tendency, in open unstressed syllables, to use instead of either /e/ or /ε/ an intermediate vowel (known in French as e moyen), i.e. a vowel whose degree of aperture is between those of /e/ and /ε/; this can be represented by the symbol [g] (a stop under the symbol for a vowel indicates a relatively close variety); e.g.: instead of /e/: défend [dgfe], effort [gfb:r], présence [prgze:s], téléphone [tglgfbn]; this also applies to the determiners les, des, mes, tes, ses and ces, e.g. les hommes [lg zbm], des fruits [dg frdi], mes amis [mgz ami]; instead of /ε/: embêtant [ebgte], pêcher [pgʃe], prêter [prgte], maison [mgzf]; this also applies to the verb forms (tu) es and (il, elle) est, e.g. tu n’es pas beau [ty ng pa bo], il est là [il g la]. (ii) Furthermore, many speakers sometimes or always even use /e/ instead of e moyen in words which, under 10.6.4, would otherwise have /ε/, e.g. pêcheur /peʃœ:r/, profession /prbfesjf/, laideur /ledœ:r/, prêter /prete/, maison /mezf/, aimer /eme/, baiser /beze/, aider /ede/, cesser /sese/, neiger /neʒe /, meilleur /mejœ:r/, terrible /teribl/, erroné /erbne/, perroquet /perbke/, tu n’es pas beau /ty ne pa bo/, il est là
Page 1 and 2:
An Introduction to French Pronuncia
Page 3 and 4:
An Introduction to French Pronuncia
Page 5 and 6:
Contents Preface x 1 General Consid
Page 7 and 8:
Contents vii 8.4 Closed and Open Sy
Page 9 and 10:
Contents ix 16.1 The Varieties of F
Page 11 and 12:
General Considerations 1 1 General
Page 13 and 14:
General Considerations 3 material.
Page 15 and 16:
General Considerations 5 standard w
Page 17 and 18: General Considerations 7 to pronoun
Page 19 and 20: General Considerations 9 Transcript
Page 21 and 22: General Considerations 11 We are th
Page 23 and 24: 2 The Production of Speech 13 The P
Page 25 and 26: Lips T T A Tip T = Teeth A = Alveol
Page 27 and 28: The Production of Speech 17 (iii) t
Page 29 and 30: 3 The Articulation of French 19 The
Page 31 and 32: 4 The Vowel Phonemes 4.1 Principles
Page 33 and 34: 4.5 Orality or Nasality The Vowel P
Page 35 and 36: The Vowel Phonemes 25 However, the
Page 37 and 38: 5 5.1 General The Semi-Consonants T
Page 39 and 40: 6 The Consonant Phonemes 29 The Con
Page 41 and 42: 6.4 Presence or Absence of Voice Th
Page 43 and 44: The Consonant Phonemes 33 discussed
Page 45 and 46: The Consonant Phonemes 35 IPA symbo
Page 47 and 48: The Rhythmic Group 37 shall call
Page 49 and 50: The Rhythmic Group 39 froid chez vo
Page 51 and 52: 8 The Syllable 8.1 Introduction The
Page 53 and 54: The Syllable 43 (v) A cluster consi
Page 55 and 56: 9 Stress 9.1 Normal Stress Stress 4
Page 57 and 58: Stress 47 He’s fantastically clev
Page 59 and 60: Stress 49 word is sometimes stresse
Page 61 and 62: Stress 51 9.5.4 An utterance such a
Page 63 and 64: 10 10.1 Introduction The Vowels in
Page 65 and 66: The Vowels in Detail 55 to attempt
Page 67: The Vowels in Detail 57 The pronunc
Page 71 and 72: The Vowels in Detail 61 - to substi
Page 73 and 74: The Vowels in Detail 63 jeudi /ʒø
Page 75 and 76: The Vowels in Detail 65 English wor
Page 77 and 78: The Vowels in Detail 67 (iii) in th
Page 79 and 80: The Vowels in Detail 69 (iii) (with
Page 81 and 82: The Vowels in Detail 71 The only ci
Page 83 and 84: The Vowels in Detail 73 /e/ is alwa
Page 85 and 86: The Vowels in Detail 75 10.12.3 The
Page 87 and 88: Mute e 77 when unstressed. This see
Page 89 and 90: Mute e 79 /mc kfpre ty/, ne dites p
Page 91 and 92: Mute e 81 ‘rules’ given below i
Page 93 and 94: Mute e 83 as have actually been hea
Page 95 and 96: Mute e 85 than one word may in cert
Page 97 and 98: Mute e 87 (ii) before onze, onzièm
Page 99 and 100: Vowel Length 89 ‘long’. In real
Page 101 and 102: 12.6 Rule 4 Vowel Length 91 Other v
Page 103 and 104: Vowel Length 93 In the circumstance
Page 105 and 106: The Semi-Consonants in Detail 95 co
Page 107 and 108: The Semi-Consonants in Detail 97 th
Page 109 and 110: The Semi-Consonants in Detail 99 13
Page 111 and 112: The Consonants in Detail: (I) Stops
Page 113 and 114: 14.4 Point of Articulation The Cons
Page 115 and 116: The Consonants in Detail: (I) Stops
Page 117 and 118: The Consonants in Detail: (II) Fric
Page 119 and 120:
16 The Consonants in Detail: (III)
Page 121 and 122:
The Consonants in Detail: (III) /r/
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
17 Gemination Gemination 117 17.1 L
Page 129 and 130:
Gemination 119 with either a simple
Page 131 and 132:
Gemination 121 (i) some words havin
Page 133 and 134:
Consonantal Assimilation 123 18.1.3
Page 135 and 136:
Consonantal Assimilation 125 necess
Page 137 and 138:
Consonantal Assimilation 127 18.3.4
Page 140 and 141:
19 19.1 Origins Liaison Liaison 129
Page 142 and 143:
19.2 The Problem Liaison 131 19.2.1
Page 144 and 145:
Liaison 133 (i) words ending in -t,
Page 146 and 147:
Liaison 135 in such expressions as
Page 148 and 149:
Liaison 137 va/. (The reason why th
Page 150 and 151:
Liaison 139 after an imperative, e.
Page 152 and 153:
Liaison 141 19.6.2 The following, t
Page 154 and 155:
Liaison 143 19.7.4 Between a verb (
Page 156 and 157:
20 Intonation 20.1 Introduction Int
Page 158 and 159:
Intonation 147 Foremost among such
Page 160 and 161:
Intonation 149 But if no syllable (
Page 162 and 163:
20.4 Yes-No Questions Intonation 15
Page 164 and 165:
Dans quelle rue | l’avez-vous ach
Page 166 and 167:
20.7 Level Intonation Intonation 15
Page 168 and 169:
References and Further Reading 157
Page 170 and 171:
160 Index Allemagne 113 allemand 79
Page 172 and 173:
162 Index cent 25, 33, 73, 129, 137
Page 174 and 175:
164 Index différentes 137 différe
Page 176 and 177:
166 Index filtre 91 fini 90 finir 1
Page 178 and 179:
168 Index intention 42 iode 98 iodi
Page 180 and 181:
170 Index mourait 120 mourir 120 mo
Page 182 and 183:
172 Index plâtre 68 plein 25, 42,
Page 184 and 185:
174 Index sciure 98 se 79, 82 sec 5
Page 186:
176 Index vaciller 95 vague 102 vai
show all

An Introduction to French Pronunciation

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?