Eye for an Eye: The Role of Armed Resistance ... - Freedom Archives

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it through wit, guile, and deception to secure material rewards could also be boldly aggressive and a In the same way Medgar utilized "good public relations" to win friends for the freedom movement, but was prepared to defend himself and loved ones with violence if necessary.
Chapter Three: The Non-Violent Movement Interacts with the "Eye for an Eye" Tradition in Mississippi While the NAACP, as an organization never took an overt stance on armed resistance or self-defense, it never advocated nonviolent direct action as a primary method of struggle in Mississippi . In 1961, the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) became the first activist organization to advocate, as such, a commitment to nonviolence as a philosophy, strategy, or tactical approach to Black to organizing in Mississippi . Within two years another nonviolent activist group, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) would also become active in the state. In Mississippi, activists committed to nonviolence would organize in communities whose indigenous leadership and sympathizers believed in and practiced armed self-defense as a way of life. Before examining the interaction of SNCC and CORE with the Black armed resistance tradition in Mississippi, I will explore the prior development of nonviolence as a strategy, tactic and philosophy within the Black protest movement. CORE was the first national organization to advocate and practice nonviolence as a primary philosophy and strategy in the Black liberation movement . CORE's origins emanate from the legacy of pacifist activism in the U .S.A . In 1941, members of the Christian pacifist organization Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) developed a special project at the University of Chicago aimed at challeng- ing racism . The FOR had begun as a pacifist group during World War I . Decades after the founding of its parent organization, the FOR project at the University of Chicago discussed applying Gandhian techniques to attacking racial segregation .
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Eye for an Eye: The Role ofArmed Re
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This is an authorized facsimile, ma
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ABSTRACT Although, the Civil Rights
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Light and Power on their spirits Mo
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Eye for an Eye: The Role ofArmed Re
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Ch
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armed resistance in Black struggle
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Review of the Literature The Litera
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from advocates of armed self-defens
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the Movement. Each of these authors
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whom were committed to and practice
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and enforced against Black humanity
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transcript" of insurgency that has
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Chapter One: Historic Armed Black R
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to Kongolese armies. The use of arm
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people who were antagonistic to the
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nation, and to promise Africans fre
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coons to chattel status. Rather tha
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South legal . The Seminoles prepare
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more than slaves or mercenaries . A
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maroons, calling themselves the "Ki
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Adams county, Mississippi, in 1861
Page 45 and 46: The same year abolitionist and fugi
Page 47 and 48: separate Black army with its own "c
Page 49 and 50: soldiers defended their sisters and
Page 51 and 52: Southern whites were not willing to
Page 53 and 54: die where they stood before they wo
Page 55 and 56: teers throughout Hinds county. Real
Page 57 and 58: supremacy was not secure without th
Page 59 and 60: hours . While in each case there we
Page 61 and 62: of Alabama, to be armed at their me
Page 63 and 64: initiated gunfire after hearing rum
Page 65 and 66: apists . In February of 1948, Mrs.
Page 67 and 68: U .S . Army, was known as a sharpsh
Page 69 and 70: 11 . Kenneth Wiggins Porter, The Ne
Page 71 and 72: 31 . Edwin S. Redkey, AGrand Army o
Page 73 and 74: North Carolina Press, 19903, 44-45
Page 75 and 76: in the Age of Jim C,Eow, states tha
Page 77 and 78: S 1,614 for whites . Close to two-t
Page 79 and 80: ers his father would not allow him
Page 81 and 82: ist mob continued their intimidatio
Page 83 and 84: unit designed after the Mau Mau of
Page 85 and 86: the 1954 U .S . Supreme Court decis
Page 87 and 88: he refused to persuade the thirty r
Page 89 and 90: Meredith to "Ole Miss." Because of
Page 91 and 92: eturned home around midnight . Myrl
Page 93 and 94: 11 . C.O . Chinn, interview by the
Page 95: crime . He was abducted by a mob of
Page 99 and 100: as the popular leader of this new o
Page 101 and 102: ments for protest based on moral an
Page 103 and 104: ticed some form of self-defense cov
Page 105 and 106: and NAACP organizer. Moore had assi
Page 107 and 108: On Moore's recommendation, Moses fi
Page 109 and 110: house, under pillows, under chairs
Page 111 and 112: lacks to challenge Amite's white po
Page 113 and 114: including Medgar Evers and Roy Wilk
Page 115 and 116: practice of self-defense . To warn
Page 117 and 118: Mississippi officials, charging the
Page 119 and 120: Anyone participating in the march h
Page 121 and 122: and harassed, local police did not
Page 123 and 124: Blacks alike were amazed that the g
Page 125 and 126: ase for SNCCICOFO and the Mississip
Page 127 and 128: with its own identity in the state
Page 129 and 130: military soured after Chinn openly
Page 131 and 132: Besides this group of protective gu
Page 133 and 134: for younger activists to challenge
Page 135 and 136: 9, 1984, 1-B- 10B ; Chuck McDew int
Page 137 and 138: 47 . Ibid, 178-179 ; Dennis, interv
Page 139 and 140: demonstrate that disenfranchised Mi
Page 141 and 142: franchised Black voters, the organi
Page 143 and 144: themselves and advising SNCC activi
Page 145 and 146: massacre as implied by Hall . Other
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to be a force in the Southern movem
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CORE also was engaged in debate con
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Schwerner, and one Freedom Summer v
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Goodman . Another element of this c
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Black history, Movement politics, a
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Harmony school and bused Harmony's
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economic arena was also displayed i
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on, in Brown's words, the "organiza
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There was a fine line . There was a
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(formerly known as Stokley Carmicha
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Union Baptist Church, led by its pa
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terrorist violence was initiated by
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Reeves family had a history of bein
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and Movement activists of McComb .
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friend by pretending he was only pa
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and cohesiveness of each community.
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lenge the credentials of the segreg
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5 . Hollis Watkins, interviewed in
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28 . Dovie Hudson, interviewed in B
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56 . Bob Moses, interview by the au
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turn followed a different posture t
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cials were uneasy about Charles bec
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Cooper stated " We had 30.06. We ha
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Charles Evers's stated: He encourag
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the boycott. Arange of coercive tac
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thereby silenced and neutralized by
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crushed when a police car led a Kla
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Robert Williams . Thomas had read a
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of the Deacons in Bogulusa. The lea
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McKeithen also called for negotiati
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settlers . Natchez was the hub for
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would spark an acceleration of acti
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Even though the police officers wer
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U.S . Constitution [including the S
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e known, you better figure on dying
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situation that day: These pecker wo
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of the Deacons capabilities, provid
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unless City government acted favora
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Black community to enforce its deci
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claiming victory , announcing the m
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teams to enforce the boyott1 In Cla
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argument between Shields, and a whi
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Jackson also led to near uprising b
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implementing the Natchez model, Rud
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Okolona, Tupelo, and Byhalia. The U
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18 . Porter, Interview with Deacon
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44 . Ibid ; Young, interview by aut
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73 . Ibid. 74 . James Scott, interv
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CONCLUSION ". . ..the armed liberat
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existence of armed resistance in th
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Some may argue that the evidence pr
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ofthe Movement and doesn't apprecia
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it was necessary for the Black comm
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the white power structure but also
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Significance of "Eye forAn Eye" It
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4 . Comel West, Progb= Deliverance
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Herman Leach, July 30,1994, Yazoo C
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Correspondence Letter from Sundiata
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Carson, Clayborne, et al. The Eyes
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Jordan, Winthrop, Tumult and Silenc
Page 267 and 268:
Payne, Charles, 1've Got the Light
Page 269 and 270:
DissertationslTheses Barksdale, Mar
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