Book of Abstracts - Geyseco

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ELL S ES PARALLELL SESSION SECTURES PS01: ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES & ACCLIMATION Session lead lectures PS01-001: COMMON ELEMENTS OF ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSES TO ANAEROBIOSIS AND HEAT Banti, V. 1 - Mafessoni, F. 1 - Loreti, E. 2 - Novi, G. 1 - Pucciariello, C. 1 - Alpi, A. 3 - Perata, P. 1 * 1 Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna 2 IBBA, National Research Council 3 University of Pisa *Corresponding author, e-mail: p.perata@sssup.it Genomic and transcriptomic studies suggest the existence of a “core stress response” gene cluster, confirming the overlapping of physiological responses to abiotic stress, often observed in plants. Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) have been proposed to be involved in different kinds of environmental conditions, well beyond heat shock: they resulted also induced by anoxia in rice and Arabidopsis seedlings and a mild heat pre-treatment can enhance anoxia-tolerance in Arabidopsis. Transcript profiling revealed up-regulation of HS genes following oxygen deprivation and a significant overlapping between the anoxic and heat response. The heat shock transcription factor HsfA2, notably involved in heat-acclimation, is strongly up-regulated under anoxia and its induction appears to be mediated by an H 2 O 2 burst following the first minutes of anoxia. We demonstrate an important role of HsfA2 in Arabidopsis response to anoxia: an HsfA2 knock-out, differently from the wild type, cannot cross-acclimate to anoxia following a mild heat pre-treatment, whereas p35S:HsfA2 seedlings show enhanced tolerance to anoxia and a more lasting and strong immuno-signal for target of HsfA2 (HSP17.6-CI) during anoxia. The role of the putative targets of HsfA2 will be discussed. PS01-002: STRUGGLING FOR LIGHT: HORMONE IN- TERACTIONS REGULATE SHADE AVOIDANCE RES- PONSES Pierik, R.* - Sasidharan, R. - Keuskamp, D. H. - de Wit, M. - Voesenek, L. A. C. J. Utrecht University *Corresponding author, e-mail: r.pierik@uu.nl Plants growing in dense vegetations compete with proximate neighbors for light. They can ensure growth and survival through an escape syndrome known as shade avoidance. Upon perception of neighbors plants elongate their shoots and move their leaves upwards. Neighbor detection occurs through spectral changes in the light reflected from or transmitted through neighboring vegetation. Red light (R) is absorbed for photosynthesis whereas far-red light (FR) is reflected, thus lowering the R:FR ratio which can be sensed by the phytochrome photoreceptors. We showed more recently that plant neighbor detection also involves chemical cues, including the volatile plant hormone ethylene. Both light quality signals and ethylene regulate a variety of hormones to control adaptive growth responses. We show here that ethylene emissions are enhanced by low R:FR, as are endogenous levels of auxin and gibberellins. These three hormones interact at the 02 - PS - Parallell Sessions Lectures level of DELLA proteins, which are transcriptional regulators that inhibit growth, but in addition have DELLA-independent functions as well to control shade avoidance. We further show that downstream targets for these light-hormone interactions include cell wall modifying proteins such as expansins and XTH’s. The functional implications of this network of interactions for plant growth under natural competitive conditions will be discussed. PS02: VEGETATIVE DEVELOP- MENT Session lead lectures PS02-001: DUPLICATION AND DIVERGENCE OF BRAN- CHED1-LIKE GENES AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONTROL OF SHOOT BRANCHING IN TOMATO Martín Trillo, M. 1 - González Grandío 2 , E. - Serra, F. 3 - Rodriguez Buey, M. L. 2 - Dopazo, H. 3 - Cubas, P. 2 * 1 Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente. 2 Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC. 3 Evolutionary Genomics Unit. Bioinformatics and Genomics Department. Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Valencia. *Corresponding author, e-mail: pcubas@cnb.csic.es Duplication and divergence of genes and pathways controlling developmental programmes are thought to have played a fundamental role in the evolution of morphological diversity. However the molecular mechanisms underlying functional divergence following duplication and the relationship between gene evolution and the emergence of new traits are still not well understood. In angiosperms, branching patterns greatly determine overall plant architecture and affect key aspects of plant life. Recent studies suggest that branch development is controlled by a conserved genetic pathway evolved before the radiation of flowering plants. However, despite the general conservation of genes and pathways, a wide diversity of branching patterns is found in angiosperms. One of the central genes controlling branching in Arabidopsis, BRANCHED1 (BRC1), encodes a transcription factor of the TCP family which is a putative target gene for selection during the evolution of new branching patterns is BRC1. To investigate the relevance of the molecular evolution of BRC1 genes during the evolution of branching patterns, we have isolated and analyzed the function of BRC1-like genes in Solanum lycopersicum (Solanaceae, Asteridae) a dicot species distantly related from Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae, Rosidae) and with divergent branching patterns. We have found that a duplication of the BRC1 gene has taken place in this species. Our view of the molecular evolution and divergence of these two gene copies will be presented. PS02-002: FEEDBACK CONTROL OF CELL FATES IN PLANT MERISTEMS Rüdiger, S.* Heinrich-Heine University *Corresponding author, e-mail: Ruediger.Simon@uni-duesseldorf.de Primary plant meristems are the shoot and root meristems that are initiated at opposite poles of the plant embryo. They contain stem cells, which remain undifferentiated, and supply new cells for growth and the formation of tissues. The maintenance of a long-lasting stem cell population in meristems is achieved by signal exchange between organizing regions and the stem cells, and also by feedback signals emanating from differentiating cells. I will discuss the role of peptide signals that make use of different receptor classes to control the stem cell populations in both meristem types by regulating evolutionarily conserved homeodomain transcription factors. PS
FESPB 2010 - XVII Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Biology PS03: SYSTEMS BIOLOGY & Omics Session lead lectures PS03-001: SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF THE CONTRIBU- TION OF METABOLISM TO GROWTH IN ARABIDOP- SIS Stitt, M.* Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany *Corresponding author, e-mail: stitt@mpimp-golm.mpg.de Plants are exposed to a continually changing environment, including the diurnal light-dark cycle, and changes that are superimposed on this cycle. Starch provides the major carbon store for growth at night. We have used ‘omics analysis of responses during the diurnal cycle to investigate how growth is coordinated with the momentary and longer-term changes in the carbon. Thousands of transcripts show large diurnal changes of their levels. These can be predicted using a simple linear model, in which the clock, sugar and light as the major inputs. Some of the most striking and best-predicted changes are for genes involved in protein synthesis. Polysome analyses reveal that the global translation rate is tightly tied to the momentary carbon availability. To explore the relation between translation and plant growth more closely, we have carried out quantitative analyses of rRNA, transcripts, polysome loading and protein abundance. This allows us to model the relationship between basic molecular parameters like ribosome and transcript concentrations and the whole plant carbon budget and growth. The results show that protein synthesis represents a significant component of the total plant energy budget, and is regulated to optimise energy costs on a diurnal basis, and probably also during long term adaptations to environmental conditions. These results receive independent support from a complementary approach, in which we have identified integrative molecular and metabolic parameters that determine biomass production in a panel of 100 Arabidopsis accessions. These reveal that starch and protein are correlated with each other, act as integrators of the metabolic response, and are negatively correlated with rosette biomass, and also reveal a strong impact of ribosome abundance and the efficiency of ribosome use on biomass formation. PS03-002: CONSTRAINT BASED MODELLING – A NEW APPROACH TO SYSTEMS-LEVEL STUDY OF PLANT METABOLIC NETWORK Zhu, X.* CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology *Corresponding author, e-mail: zhuxinguang@picb.ac.cn Identifying new ways to improve photosynthesis is one feasible approach to increase crop potential yields. Building dynamic systems models of photosynthesis and plant primary metabolism is one option to identify targets to increase photosynthesis. This method however is often limited by the shortage of kinetic parameters, which demands development of high throughput methods to characterize the compartment-specific information about the metabolomics, proteomics and enzyme activities related to photosynthesis and plant primary metabolism. Constraint based modelling on the contrary requires less detailed kinetic information. It has been used widely in microbiology community to study metabolism and regulation at a genomic scale. A few constraint based models have been developed in the last five years to study plant metabolic network properties. In this lecture, I will briefly discuss the concept, methodology, major applications and challenges of using this approach in plant biology research. The potential of linking this method to high throughput data to sudy the response of plants to climate change and identifying new options to increase photosynthesis will be discussed. PS04: REPRODUCTIVE DEVE- LOPMENT Session lead lectures PS04-001: SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY SIGNALLING NET- WORKS: CONVERSATIONS THAT TELL “SELF” PO- LLEN TO COMMIT SUICIDE Wheeler, M.J. - de Graaf, B.H.J. - Wu, J. - Poulter N.S. - Wilkins, K.A. - Vatovec, S. - Franklin-Tong, V.* University of Birmingham *Corresponding author, e-mail: v.e.franklin-tong@bham.ac.uk Self-incompatibility (SI) is controlled by a multi-allelic S locus that allows discrimination between “self” pollen from “non-self” pollen. In Papaver rhoeas, the pistil S determinant (recently renamed as PrsS, Papaver rhoeas stigma S) encodes a small novel protein that interacts with incompatible pollen, triggering a Ca 2+ - dependent signalling network. We recently identified the Papaver pollen S-determinant (Papaver rhoeas pollen S), PrpS, which encodes a novel ~20 kDa transmembrane protein with no homology to sequences in existing databases. I will present our data showing that PrpS has the attributes expected of a pollen S locus determinant, including functional data5. I will also present recent data suggesting that PrsS acts as a ligand, stimulating non-specific cation conductance permeable to Ca 2+ and K + . Downstream of interaction of PrsS with PrpS, we have identified several events that are triggered specifically in an incompatible situation. These include rapid alterations to the actin cytoskeleton 1,2 and programmed cell death, involving caspase-like activities 3,4. I will present unpublished data identifying further SI-specific events triggered in incompatible pollen. We have recently begun studies of PrpS in Arabidopsis and I will present preliminary data showing that poppy SI appears to function in Arabidopsis. References 1. Snowman BN, et al. (2002) Plant Cell 14, 2613-2626. 2. Poulter NS, et al (2010) Plant Physiol 10.1104/pp.109.152066 3. Bosch, M. & Franklin-Tong, V. E. (2007) PNAS 104, 18327- 18332. 4. Thomas, S. G. & Franklin-Tong, V. E. (2006) Nature 429, 305- 309. 5. Wheeler, M. J. et al. (2009) Nature 459, 992-995. PS04-002: CELL-CELL COMMUNICATION DURING FERTILIZATION IN ARABIDOPSIS: A SURPRISING LINK TO DISEASE RESISTANCE Kessler, S. 1 - Escobar-Restrepo, J. M. 1 - Huck, N. 1 - Asano, H. 1 - Kienath, N. F. 2 - Panstruga, R. 2 - Grossniklaus, U. 1 * 1Institute of Plant Biology & Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich 2Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne *Corresponding author, e-mail: grossnik@botinst.uzh.ch Research in our laboratory focuses on the developmental genetics of plant reproduction. Our studies have shown that both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms play a key role in plant reproduction. We have isolated a female gametophytic mutant, feronia, which disrupts double fertilization: in feronia mutant embryo sacs the pollen tubes, even if wild-type, are unable to release the sperm cells to effect fertilization (Huck et al., 2003, Development 130: 2149). This phenotype suggests that the female gametophyte plays a crucial role in pollen tube reception and, thus, controls the behaviour of the male gametophyte. The feronia mutant defines novel signalling processes between the male and female gametophytes in the process of double fertilization FERONIA was shown to encode a receptor-like kinase of a plantspecific subfamily (Escobar-Restrepo et al., 2007, Science 317: 656). Interestingly, some interspecific crosses result in phenotypes that are very similar to those observed in the feronia mutant. I will report on the molecular and biochemical characterization
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Author Index Aarts, M.G. S18-002 Ab
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Cattivelli, L. P01-031 Cawly, J. P1
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Gallego, B. P17-037 Gallego, P.P. P
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Kersten, B. P10-017 Keskin, O. P05-
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Miguel, C. S02-001, P01-122 Milhinh
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Ramiro, M. P09-018 Ramon, M P13-002
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Tanimoto, E. P01-045 Tarakanov, I.
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