Book of Abstracts - Geyseco

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P - Posters 1 KULEUVEN 2 WUR 3 UA *Corresponding author, e-mail: sebastien.carpentier@biw.kuleuven.be Mulitiple shoot meristems are an exceptional model to study meristematic cells (Carpentier et al 2007) and proteomics is an efficeint way to characterize plants (Carpentier et al 2008a, 2008b). We have designed an in vitro experimental setup to study the role of sucrose in sugar mediated acclimation of meristems. It is a first step towards the systems biology of a meristem and the understanding of how it can survive severe abiotic stress. Using the 2D-DIGE proteomic approach and a meristem specific EST library, we describe the long term acclimation response of banana meristems and analyze the role of sucrose in acclimation. Sucrose synthase is the dominant enzyme for sucrose breakdown in meristem tissue which is most likely related to its lower energy consumption. For an efficient acclimation, metabolizing sucrose and respiration needs to be carefully balanced. Metabolizing sucrose is of paramount importance to survive but the uptake of sugar and its metabolism drives respiration which may result in limited oxygen levels. Our data point towards a reduced breakdown of sucrose and an induction of fermentation likely by a lack of oxygen. P01-124: OXIDATIVE STRESS PRODUCED BY ALU- MINIUM TOXICITY DECREASED BY CALCIUM IN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY Reyes-Díaz, M. - Meriño, C. - Deppe, M. - Alberdi, M. Universidad de La Frontera Brigitta, Legacy and Bluegold highbush blueberry cultivars growing in hydroponic solution (Hoagland) were subjected to following treatments: control (Hoagland solution); 2.5 mM CaSO 4 ; 5 mM CaSO 4 ; 100 μM AlCl 3 ; 100 μM AlCl 3 + 2.5 mM CaSO 4 ; 100 μM AlCl3 + 5 mM CaSO 4 during 15 days. Thereafter, relative growth rate (RGR), lipid peroxidation (LP), antioxidant activity (AA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were performed. RGR in Brigitta and Bluegold decreased ~50% under aluminium (Al) treatment and with 5mM CaSO 4 with respect to the controls, whereas RGR of Legacy practically did not change. The addition of 2.5 and 5 mM CaSO 4 in presence of Al-stress ameliorated the negative effect on RGR in Bluegold, while in Brigitta it occurred at the highest CaSO 4 concentration. In roots, LP increased 3.5-fold with Al-stress in Brigitta and Bluegold with respect to the control, decreasing with CaSO 4 application. In roots and leaves, AA increased with Al and CaSO 4 treatments, especially in Brigitta. SOD activity also increased with CaSO 4 treatments, mainly in leaves. In conclusion, CaSO4 treatment could be a promissory tool in the amelioration of oxidative stress produced by Al toxicity in blueberry cultivars. Acknowledgments: Fondecyt Nº 11080231 project, technical assistance and Berries San Luis, Lautaro, Chile. P01-125: BIOHERBICIDE POTENTIAL OF MENTHA RO- TUNDIFOLIA AND EUCALIPTUS GLOBULUS Puig, C.G* - Fernández, N. - Forján, R. - Garabatos, A. - Iglesias, L. - Álvarez-Iglesias, L. - Sánchez-Moreiras, A.M. - Reigosa, M.J. - Pedrol, N. University of Vigo *Corresponding author, e-mail: cgpuig@uvigo.es In the search of new eco-friendly bioherbicides, the phytotoxic activity of water extracts of Mentha rotundifolia L. and Eucaliptus globulus Labill were tested on the model target species Lactuca sativa L. and Agrostis stolonifera L. In vitro phytotoxicity tests of 1:15 (dw/v) water extracts of mint and eucalyptus fresh biomass were carried out on the target species at 10, 25, 50 and 100 % (v/v) dilutions of the original extracts, using water and the pre-emergence herbicide metholachlor as negative and positive controls, respectively. Water extracts of both species at IC 80 obtained from dose-response curves were tested on pre-grown L. sativa young plants as post-emergence bioherbicides. Three weeks old lettuce plants were treated by spraying vs. watering during 6 days. Effects of plant extracts on the functioning of photosystem II were monitored by means of chlorophyll a fluorescenceimage analysis, obtaining the parameters Y(II), Y(NPQ), Y(NO), qN, qL, ETR and Fv/Fm every 24 h. Both 50 and 100 % dilutions of M. rotundifolia and E. globulus water extracts resulted highly inhibitory of seed germination and radicle growth of lettuce and creeping bentgrass, being 100 % 1:15 water extracts even more phytotoxic than metholachlor at the recommended dose. Used in post-emergence, we obtained significant phytotoxic effects of mint and eucalyptus water extracts measured on chlorophyll fluorescence, mainly when applied by watering. From our results, water extracts of M. rotundifolia and E. globulus biomass are effective for being used as bioherbicides in organic agriculture, as well as potential sources of active compounds in the search of new agrochemicals for sustainable agriculture. P01-126: TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF THE SALT STRESS RESPONSI- VE GENE OSRMC Serra, T. 1 - Bogre, L. 2 - Oliveira, M.M. 1 - Saibo, N. 1 1 ITQB/IBET, Estação Agronómica Nacional 2 RoyaHl olloway, University of London Soil salinity imposes constrains on plant ability to grow and efficiently produce seeds. Rice is extremely sensitive to high salt concentrations, showing harmful effects such as leaf necrosis and photosynthesis impairment. To cope with environmental changes, plants need to coordinate the activation and/or repression of stress-responsive genes, mainly through transcription factors (TFs).The rice Root Meander Curling (OsRMC) gene was described as an apoplast protein involved in the repression of salt stress tolerance mechanisms, even though its expression is induced by salt stress. The main goal of this work was to identify and characterize novel TFs involved in the regulation of OsRMC gene expression. A yeast-one-hybrid system was used to screen a cDNA expression library enriched in salt stress responsive genes, allowing the identification of two ERF binding to the OsRMC promoter. These TFs were initially characterized regarding their gene expression pattern under several abiotic stress conditions. Our results showed that EREBP1 was not significantly regulated at transcriptional level; therefore we are now conducting studies to investigate if the EREBP1 protein is regulated by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and/or SUMOylation. In contrast, the EREBP2 gene expression was induced by salt, drought and cold stress conditions. The identified TFs are also being characterized regarding their in vivo localization, transcriptional activity and biological function. We acknowledge funding from FCT through the PhD scholarship (SFRH/BD/31011/2006) and the projects POCI/BIA- BCM/56063/2004 and PTDC/BIA-BCM/099836/2008. P01-127: ENJOYING PLANT ECOPHYSIOLOGY: WATER STRESS X COMPETITION, KEY OF SPECIES DISTRIBUTION ALONG AN ENVIRONMENTAL GRA- DIENT Pedrol, N.* - Reigosa, M.J. University of Vigo *Corresponding author, e-mail: pedrol@uvigo.es Holcus lanatus L., Koeleria glauca (Schrader) DC. and Dactylis glomerata L. from the margins of the Ría of Vigo and Cíes Islands (NW Spain) were ecophysiologically characterized. This area offers very contrasted environmental conditions for plant life, caused by habitat diversity, a pronounced bioclimatic gradient of summer drought, and the more or less proximity to the P
FESPB 2010 - XVII Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Biology sea. We observed a differential distribution of species in the field. As initial hypotheses, we suggested the probable influence of water stress (caused by drought and/or salinity) and competition in such distribution. In order to test the effects of each environmental variable, we combined field observations with several greenhouse experiments of water stress and competition, with the analysis of different morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters, including stress markers (free proline and polyamines). Overall discussion revealed that the differential distribution of grass species is due to complex interactions among biotic and abiotic factors: K. glauca is not able to compete with H. lanatus and D. glomerata under its physiological optimum. But the increase of stress along bioclimatic gradient gradually buffers the effects of competition, so that all species can coexist in the driest coastal locations. Water deficit balances competitive abilities of the species. Finally, the presence of K. glauca seems to improve the adequation of the other two species to salinity through niche divergence and/or the establishment of positive interactions. Biotic and abiotic stress interactions are shown as sources of biodiversity and stability. P01-128: EFFECT OF SHORT-TERM SALINIZATION AND DROUGHT ON THE RATE OF PLANT GROWTH AND WATER TRANSPORT IN SHOOTS AND ROOTS Budagovskaya, N.* Institute of Plant Physiology *Corresponding author, e-mail: postnabu@mail.ru Rapid (min) and slower (h) growth response reactions of leaves and stems of oat, barley, wheat, rice and buckwheat plants on increase and decrease in NaCl concentration and drought at the root zone have been studied using a highly sensitive method - laser interference auxanometry. Addition of NaCl in increased concentration to the root zone of plants caused a two phase response reaction of leaves: decrease and the following increase in their growth rate in each phase. Duration of the 1st phase was shorter than that of the 2nd. Growth rate of leaves was restored by the end of the 2nd phase (in few h after addition of NaCl). The 1st phase may be related to rapid adaptive reactions and changes in leaf turgor, the 2nd – to slower adaptive processes –de novo synthesis of protectors. Introduction of NaCl in high concentration caused stoppage in leaf and stem growth and shrinking of their tissues as result of dehydration. Reversal of water transport in roots under salinization has been demonstrated. Washing the roots of NaCl rapidly restored the turgor of leaves and increased their growth rate. Under drought conditions the growth rate of shoots decreased rapidly. Shrinking of leaf and stem tissues was observed after the stoppage of shoot growth under drought as well as at high level of salinization. The data obtained provide information on dynamics of response reactions of shoots and roots on increase and decrease of NaCl concentration, drought and watering. P01-129: DEPTH-DEPENDENT RESPONSE TO LIGHT OF THE SEAGRASS POSIDONIA OCEANICA (L.) DELI- LE Ortolà, A.G. - Moliner, M. - Rodilla, M. - Ballester, I. Universitat Politècnica de València Posidonia oceanica is a seagrass endemic to the Mediterranean Sea which is considered highly sensitive to reductions in light availability, where small decreases can cause significant declines in growth and depth distribution. The objetive of this study was to characterize in Posidonia oceanica plants the effect of light attenuation depth- dependent on whole plant carbon distribution, using the activity of sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) as a general indicator of the degree of metabolic activity. Posidonia plants were collected at the Denia coast (Alacant, Spain) in depths of 3, 6 and 9 metres. The plants were divided into leaves, rhizomes and roots for analysis. The increment in light attenuation within the water column induces an increase in leaf length, a reduction in shoot density and chlorophyll content, and a change in the distribution pattern of carbohydrates. Soluble carbohydrates and sucrose accumulate in below-ground tissues and their levels decreases with the light attenuation. Starch is accumulated in the leaves of plants growing in the deeper meadow. Sucrose synthase (SS) activity decreases in leaves under reduced light conditions but does not change in below-ground tissues. The results presented show that under sub-optimal light conditions Posidonia oceanica adjusts their carbon-budget to maintain growth and metabolic processes. P01-130: SULPHUR METABOLITES OF DURUM WHEAT SEEDLINGS GROWN UNDER SALT STRESS Nacca, F.* - Parisi, D. - Massaro, G. - Annunziata, M.G. - Carillo, P. Fuggi, A. Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Caserta *Corresponding author, e-mail: amodio.fuggi@unina2.it Keywords: Glutathione, sulphur nutrition, salt stress, Triticum durum Desf. cv. Ofanto. Salt stress can strongly limit growth and productivity of crop plants, mainly because of the oxidative stress caused by the increased release of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). To prevent or repair the oxidative damages, plant cells activate a complex defence system involving enzymes and low molecular compounds like glutathione, the major thiol metabolite occurring in plants. Glutathione has key roles in sulphur metabolism, being involved in the maintenance of the cellular redox state, detoxification of xenobiotics, synthesis of phytochelatins, as well as in regulation of sulphur allocation. Even if its role in the control of sulphate assimilation has been demonstrated, minor information are available in relation with salt stress. Here the effect of sulphur nutrition on the levels of glutathione and its precursors has been determined in leaves and roots of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. cv ofanto) grown in hydroponics in Hoagland medium containing different sulphate concentrations and kept in a growth chamber under controlled conditions. Sulphur compounds were determined as bimane-derivatives, separated in reverse phase HPLC and quantified fluorimetrically. The findings evidenced that, salt treatment decreased the tissue levels of glutathione and cysteine, in the leaves and increased their content in the roots. Financial support was obtained by “Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli”, “Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca” (PRIN 2006077008_005; 2008S9T3KK_003), “Regione Campania”. P01-131: BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISM OF METHYU- RE EFFECT IN CORN SEEDLING ROOTS UNDER SALT STRESS CONDITIONS Palladina, T. – Ribchenko, I. – Konturska, O. M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany National Academy of Science of Ukraine Salinity is the hard negative factor for plant organisms prevented agriculture in many regions. This actual problem can be resolved by plant salt tolerance increasing. Its main stream is consisted in salt tolerant transgenic forms creation. However there is another way with adaptogenic preparations using. Early we have demonstrated preference of nontoxic synthetic preparation Methyure permitted to breed corn on salinized fields. In experiments on corn seedlings exposed at 0.1M NaCl presence is was find that seed soaking in 10-7M Methyure prevented salt stress display. This treatment normalized peroxidation process and homeostasis. Besides Methyure influenced transport processes in root cell membranes by lipid content stabilization which restricted their permeability and by activation of H+pumps and Na+-Н+-antiporters in plasmalema and tonoplast. Thus Methyure adaptation effect under salt stress conditions can be explained mainly by Na+ removing from cytoplasm.
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Author Index Aarts, M.G. S18-002 Ab
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Cattivelli, L. P01-031 Cawly, J. P1
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Gallego, B. P17-037 Gallego, P.P. P
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Kersten, B. P10-017 Keskin, O. P05-
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Miguel, C. S02-001, P01-122 Milhinh
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Ramiro, M. P09-018 Ramon, M P13-002
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Tanimoto, E. P01-045 Tarakanov, I.
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