Book of Abstracts - Geyseco

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P - Posters (from 0.5 to 4 g/MJ). Maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/ Fm) and photochemical quenching of PSII (phiPS2) of the last ligulae leaf were measured during the cycle. Variations of Fv/ Fm and PhiPS2 can in some extent explain the RUE variations observed. P01-082: UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF HEAVY METALS IN RAPHANUS SATIVUS : A COMPARISON OF TWO GROWING SYSTEMS Di Salvatore, M.* - Carafa, A.M. - Aprile, G.G. - Carratù, G. DIARBOPAVE - Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II *Corresponding author, e-mail: mdisalva@unina.it In this study we compare the heavy metals effect on radish plants grown in soil and in hydroponic culture to check whether the plant response to heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn) is affected by the cultural system. In hydroponics all nutrient elements are fully available to the plant, while in soil only a fraction of the total nutrients are available. In order to obtain comparable nutrient availability in both cultural systems, we prepared artificial soils where the available fraction of each element was the same as in the hydroponic nutrient solution. In both growing substrates the heavy metals were given together. The following parameters were monitored: 1) germination percentage 2) biomass production 3) heavy metals quantity in the shoot. In both growth substrates, soil and hydroponic culture, the seed germination percentage (> 90%) was not affected by heavy metals. With no heavy metals added, biomass production of plants grown in soil or in hydroponics was not statistically different. In hydroponics, the addition of heavy metals resulted in a reduction of radish growth while in soil, the differences between the biomass of the controls and the respective treatments was in no case statistically significant. At the same available concentration of heavy metals in both substrates, radish plants grown in hydroponics absorb higher concentrations of heavy metals in comparison with plants grown in soil. These results suggest that when studying the absorption and translocation of metals in vegetables, it is not possible to compare the concentration of heavy metals in a hydroponic solution with the heavy metals concentrations chemically extracted from a soil. P01-083: POTENTIAL REDOX IN POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM) UPON WATER DEFICIENCY D.Boguszewska* - M.Grudkowska - B.Zagdanska Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute *Corresponding author, e-mail: dominika@boguszewska.net Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plant growth, development and productivity. Plants exposed to water deficiency undergo changes in their metabolism in order to cope with the unfavourable environmental conditions. One of the biochemical consequences occurring under dehydration of plants is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mechanisms that minimize oxidant concentrations and maintain the internal reducing environment ranged from reducing molecules such as glutathione and ascorbate to many enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and other peroxidases, that further reduce ROS to water. Mechanisms that initiate the production of ROS are central to understanding not only the stress physiology but the pattern of plant growth as well. Therefore, the question arises whether ROS-scavenging mechanisms of plants including activity and pattern of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) are changed under soil drought applying in tuberisation phase of potato development. Experiments were carried out on 2 potato cultivars: Cekin and Tajfun differing in dehydratation tolerance. Analytic electrophoresis of tuber extracts under non-denaturating conditions (native PAGE) was performed according to Laemmli (1972). The proteins subjected to SDS-PAGE were transferred electrophoretically to a nylon membrane. The membrane blot was incubated with anti-cAPX antibodies or anti-Gluthatione reductase. The obtained results clearly indicate that soil drought induced the new bands of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in leaves and tubers. However, the observed induction of antioxidant responses seems to be genotype dependent. The proteome analysis of potato tubers during drought has been initiated. The knowledge of potato stress-related proteins could help to understand the molecular basis of potato drought tolerance P01-084: CHANGES IN HYDROGEN PEROXIDE PRO- DUCTION AND THE CONTENTS OF ASCORBATE AND GLUTATHIONE IN ROOTS OF TWO WHEAT CULTI- VARS DURING EXPOSURE TO WATER STRESS Koenigshofer, H.* - Loeppert, H. University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences BOKU *Corresponding author, e-mail: helga.koenigshofer@boku.ac.at Drought like other stress conditions frequently enhances the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. In green leaves an excess of ROS during water deficit is mainly the result of increased photorespiratory activity upon drought-related stomata closure. However, less is known about the role of ROS in roots under drought stress. Therefore, in the present study we have monitored the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and the major water-soluble antioxidants ascorbate and glutathione during water-stress conditions in roots of two wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance. The level of H 2 O 2 in the unstressed roots of both cultivars did not change significantly during the daily light-dark cycle. Deprivation of water did not affect the level of H 2 O 2 in the roots of the drought-sensitive cultivar (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Manhattan). In contrast, the drought-tolerant cultivar (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Josef) showed a transient increase in H2O2 in response to water deficit. Since the relative water content (RWC) of the roots decreased in “Manhattan” but not in “Josef” after prolonged exposure to drought, the H 2 O 2 increase in the roots of “Josef” might act as a signal triggering adaptive processes which allow to maintain a high water status. In the course of exposure to water stress the concentration of ascorbate increased markedly in the roots of both cultivars indicating that this antioxidant substantially contributes to the control of the H 2 O 2 level in the roots. P01-085: PLANT CELL WALLS, TOXIC METALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Vatehová, Z. 1 * - Malovíková, A. 2 - Kollárová, K. 2 - Lišková, D. 2 1 Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University 2 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences *Corresponding author, e-mail: zuzana.vatehova@savba.sk The plant cell wall is a dynamic extracellular structure with characteristics depending on the species, developmental stage of the plant/cell cycle, type of the tissue, and growth conditions. It provides cells with structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering/immobilization mechanism limiting the entry of molecules that may be toxic to the cell. The aim of our work is to identify cell wall structure/components and mechanism or mechanisms coupled with the cell wall which could be responsible for plant tolerance and/or sensitivity to toxic metals. For cell wall isolation we selected two clones of Zea mays, tolerant and sensitive. The seeds were germinated for 72 hours at 25 oC, 70% humidity in the dark. Uniform seedlings were selected and cultivated 10 days in solutions containing various concentrations of Cd(NO 3 ) 2 (10 -5 , 5x10 -5 and 10 -4 M) at 25 oC, 70% humidity, in light conditions (130-140 μmol m -2 s -1 , 16 -h photoperiod). Single cell wall components were extracted by chemical procedures from aboveground plant parts and roots. Growth parameters (elongation and fresh/dry mass of aboveground plant parts and P
FESPB 2010 - XVII Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Biology roots) were determined. The effect of cadmium on cell wall composition and its content in various plant organs has been assessed by the AAS analysis. Results of this study can contribute not only to plants protection against abiotic stress, but they can resolve some remediation problems of the environment. Acknowledgement: This work was supported by grants - VEGA 1/0472/10, 2/0046/10 and APVV-SK-ZA-0007-07, APVT 51-013304, APVV-COST 0004- 06, COST Action FA0905. P01-086: ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ARTEMISIA LERCHIANA WEB. INHABITING STE- PPE ZONE OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION Orlova J., Balnokin Y.* K.A.Timiryazev Plant Physiology Institute RAS *Corresponding author, e-mail: orl-jul@mail.ru In the context of possible climate aridization, investigation of mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to stresses of steppe zone is of a great importance. Growth, morphology, anatomy, cell ultrastructure, photosynthesis, water and ionic relations of warmwood, Artemisia lerchiana Web., inhabiting steppe of Lower Volga Region have been studied. Anatomical, ecophysiological, and biochemical features that provide warmwood viability under drought, soil salinity, high temperature, and excessive insolation were revealed. These features are: (i) entering rest at the time of maximal strength of stress factors in the middle of the vegetation, (ii) water reservation by paraveinal parenchyma in vascular bundles, (iii) apoplast loading of phloem with assimilates low sensitive to high temperatures, (iv) stability of photosynthetic apparatus under excessive insolation and water defict, (v) ability of the plant under drought and soil salinity to decrease cell water potential below the level lower than that in the environment, (vi) ability to sustain water potential gradient in the soil-root-shoot system. It was shown that maintenance of the intracellular water potential at low levels is achieved by accumulation of inorganic ions (Na + , Cl - , K + ) and organic osmolytes in the cells. Among organic osmolytes the main role belongs to mono-, di-, and trisaccharides. The gradient distribution of K + as well as mono- and disaccharides along the plant establishes water potential gradient allowing ascending water transportation in even in the absence of transpiration. P01-087: DIFFERENCES OF PHOTOCHEMICAL RES- PONSE TO PB IONS OF MAIZE CHLOROPLASTS Wasilewska, W.* - Krzemianowski, L. - Parys, E. - Romanowska, E. Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw *Corresponding author, e-mail: wiolaw@biol.uw.edu.pl Maize is a C4 plant in which two distinct cell types, mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS), cooperate during photosynthesis. The environmental factors as light intensity and/or heavy metals cause changes in the efficiency of photosystems and in relative levels of thylakoid components in chloroplasts. Up to date little information is available about acclimation strategies of maize chloroplasts in plants treated Pb ions and growing under different light intensities. Maize plants were grown under low (LL) and high (HL) light intensity. Lead was introduced into detached leaves with transpiration stream. We observed that accumulation of Pb ions in the leaves was higher in plants grown under LL than HL. It results probably from the differences in structure of bundle sheath cell wall in this light condition. Effects of Pb ions were independent on light intensity during growth. Amount of LHCI proteins and PSI activity decreased in response to Pb2+ and it was more evident in BS chloroplasts. It seems that in agranal chloroplasts Pb disturb cyclic electron transport and ATP production. Simultaneously, the higher respiration rate in Pb2+ treated leaves accompanied with ATP synthesis can contribute substantially to maintain the high adenylate level in M cells. Fluorescence parameters and PSII activity were not affected by Pb ions. Interestingly, we observed the difference in chloroplast proteins phosphorylation what would imply protection mechanism. We therefore propose that in maize during Pb treatment cellular homeostasis (in M and BS) is maintained as long as polls of ATP/ ADP and redox potential remain at balanced ratios. AcknowledgementThese studies were financed by the grant NN303 393636 from the Ministry of Science and High Education of Poland. P01-088: INTERACTION BETWEEN POLYAMINES AND PROLINE IN COMMON SAGE (SALVIA OFFICINALIS L.) PLANT IN NORMAL GROWTH CONDITION AND UNDER UV-B LIGHT IRRADIATION Mapelli, S. - Radyukina, N.L. - Shashukova, A.V. - Shevyakova, N.I. - Kuznetsov, Vl. V. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, RAS, Moscow, Russia Common sage plants, grown in water culture to the stage of 4–5 true leaves, were treated with 5 mM proline (12 - 48 h) added to the medium, irradiated with UV-B (12.3 kJ/m 2 for 10 min), or to the combined action. In control plants, the content of endogenous proline was close to zero. In the presence of proline in medium, its content in the roots was 9 μmol/g fr wt in 12 h of exposure, whereas in the leaves the proline increased in 24 h to 1 & μmol/g fr wt. The content of PUT increased in the leaves and especially in the roots after 10 min UV-B irradiation. The UV-B affected not only the synthesis of PUT but also that of SPD and SPM; it also induced accumulation of their soluble conjugates. The presence of proline in medium enhanced PUT but not the formation of soluble conjugate. At combined treatment of the two factors, the content of free PUT in the leaves displayed a tendency to the rise and in the roots to the decrease. At the same time, the content of polyamine free and conjugates increased in both tissues. All these facts are an indirect indication of relationship between proline and polyamine. It can also state that artificially created high proline concentration in common sage tissues, resulted in homeostasis disturbance of low-molecular metabolites and induced a requirement in its restoration by diverse ways. Activation of PDH, a key enzyme of proline degradation, changes in the polyamines content and of their soluble conjugates might be the ways for such restoration. P01-089: CELL WALL PLASTICITY OF MAIZE CELL CULTURES HABITUATED TO DICHLOBENIL Melida, H. - García-Angulo, P. - Alonso-Simón, A. - Encina, A. - Acebes, J.L. - Alvarez, J.M. Universidad de León This work addresses the characterisation of a maize cell line able to grow in the presence of high concentration of dichlobenil, a specific inhibitor of cellulose biosynthesis in plants. A dichlobenil-habituated cell line was obtained by a stepwise increase in the concentration of the inhibitor in the culture media. Habituation to dichlobenil implied slower growing rates and irregularly shaped cells among other changes. Dichlobenilhabituated cells presented a modified cell wall architecture characterized by: i) reduced (75%) cellulose content, ii) increased amount of phenolics iii) increased amount of arabinoxylans. Proteomic analysis revealed that habituation is linked to modifications in several metabolic pathways: carbohydrate, nitrogen and ethylene metabolism and stress-related pathways. The results of RT-PCR analyses of genes involved in synthesis of cellulose (ZmCesA1-12) and phenolics (PAL, C4H, 4CL, HCT, C3H, COMT, CCoAOMT) show that: 1) ZmCesA5 and ZmCesA7 have an outstanding role in the habituation, ii) the expression of the majority of the genes involved in phenolic synthesis is induced during exponential cell growing phase and repressed during the stationary phase. Based on the increased levels of cell wall phenolics and expression levels of genes of phenolic synthesis, we deeper analysed these compounds. In summary cell wall pheno-
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Author Index Aarts, M.G. S18-002 Ab
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Cattivelli, L. P01-031 Cawly, J. P1
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Gallego, B. P17-037 Gallego, P.P. P
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Kersten, B. P10-017 Keskin, O. P05-
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Miguel, C. S02-001, P01-122 Milhinh
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Ramiro, M. P09-018 Ramon, M P13-002
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Tanimoto, E. P01-045 Tarakanov, I.
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