Book of Abstracts - Geyseco

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P - Posters significantly different of controls or MeJA treated roots at the same time. But when the total activities (after 12 h treatment) were compared, a remarkable statistically significant increase in roots induced by the fungus was observed. Our interpretation is that the elimination of H2O2 via ECPOX could be an efficient mechanism to attenuate the oxidative response in the apoplast of roots that contact with the compatible fungus. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CGL2009-12406) and the Extremadura Government (PRI09A023). P17-042: HORMONAL PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN HEXANOIC ACID-INDUCED RESISTANCE AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE IN TOMATO PLANTS. Vicedo, B.¹* - Scalschi, L.¹ - Flors, V.¹ - Camañes, G.¹ - González- Bosch, C.² - Garcia-Agustín, P.¹ ¹Universitat Jaume I ²Universitat de València *Corresponding author e-mail: bvicedo@camn.uji.es Plants are able to develop an enhanced defense mechanism socalled induced resistance (IR), in addition to basal defense upon appropriate stimulation. We have demonstrated that tomato plants treated with hexanoic acid display enhanced resistance against the Pseudomonas syringae (Pst) DC3000 strain. After 72 hpi hexanoic acid treatment reduced the disease symptoms and the colony-forming units. To establish the involvement of the SA-, JA- ET- and ABA-signaling pathways in hexanoic acid induced-resistance, the expression of the PR1, LoxD, ACCOx and ASR1 marker genes was analyzed by RT-qPCR. No differences were found in the analysis of the ASR1 and ACCOx between infected plants with or without hexanoic treatment. However, a significant increase in the SA (PR1) and JA (LoxD) marker genes expression was observed in the plants treated with hexanoic acid and infected with Pst, 48 hpi. Several mutants relating to the different signaling pathways were studied to confirm these results. In addition, hormonal analysis of hexanoic acid-treated plants showed a faster and stronger accumulation of OPDA upon infection; nonetheless, JA and JA-Ile were not increased in these plants. In order to explain the increase in OPDA and the LoxD gene expression, we focused the analysis on the genes involved in the oxylipin synthesis pathway. The obtained results suggest that hexanoic acid-induced resistance against Pst could be mediated by activation of the oxylipin signaling pathway P17-044: THE ANTIMICROBIAL ELECTROLYZED AC- TIVATED WATER VERDEVIVA STIMULATES PLANT DEFENCES AGAINST PATHOGENS - MOLECULAR STUDIES. Orlando, R. - Raineri, M. - Zarattini, M. - De Bastiani, M. - Ferro, S. - De Battisti, A. - Bernacchia, G. Universita’ di Ferrara The fight against plant pathogens is of primary importance in agriculture to ensure that quali-quantitative features of fruits and vegetables fit the market requirements. Synthetic products can protect plants against pathogens but they can be toxic or environmental unfriendly therefore the use of less toxic and less persistent products is highly encouraged. It is known that the electrolysis of water enriched in salts can produce highly reactive oxidative species characterized by a short life span and a potent antimicrobial activity, even at low doses. In the last few years our group has developed the system for the production of electrolyzed activated water and has started to study the beneficial antimicrobial effect of Verdeviva on plants infected by different pathogens. Our research also focused on the effects of Verdeviva on plant cells at the molecular level to establish if it can prime plant defences against pathogens. Results will be presented showing that Verdeviva is indeed able to stimulate endogenous defences by activating several pathogen-related genes both in tobacco and apple plants. P17-045: A NADPH OXIDASE IS INVOLVED IN MEDI- CAGO TRUNCATULA – SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI SYMBIOSIS. Marino, D.¹ - Andrio, E.¹ - Danchin, E.G.J.² - Oger, E.² - Gucciardo, S.² - Lambert, A² - Puppo, A.² - Pauly, N.² ¹Laboratoire Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes, Castanet Tolosan, France ²UMR Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale Centre INRA PACA, Sophia Antipolis, France Reactive oxygen species such as anion superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have been detected during the establishment and the functioning of legume - rhizobia symbioses. Moreover, a H2O2 threshold seems to be required to optimize the establishment of the Medicago sp – Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis. Nevertheless, its origin remains largely unknown. In this framework, the functional characterisation of a M. truncatula NADPH oxidase has been performed. Plant NADPH oxidases (Rboh; respiratory burst oxidase homologue) are transmembrane redox chain proteins able to reduce O2 to O2-, which can be rapidly dismutated in H2O2. These proteins have been shown to play important roles in plant-microorganism interactions and developmental processes. A in silico analysis leds to the identification of 7 complete rboh gene sequences in the M. truncatula genome (MtRbohs). Their expression in different M. truncatula tissues was analysed and one of these genes, MtRbohA, appeared to be significantly upregulated in Sinorhizobium meliloti - induced symbiotic nodules. MtRbohA expression was restricted to the nitrogen-fixing zone of the functional nodule. Specific RNA interference for MtRbohA provoked a decrease in the nodule nitrogen fixation activity, thus highlighting its role during nodule functioning. P17-046: A PROTEOMIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF BOTRYTIS CINEREA INFECTION IN TOMATO (SO- LANUM LYCOPERSICUM) FRUITS Leyva, M.O.¹ - Vicedo, B.² - Finiti, I.¹ - García-Agustín, P.² - González-Bosch, C.¹ - Real, M.³ ¹Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Valencia IATA (CSIC) ²Dep. Ciencias Agrarias y del medio natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón ³Dep. de Genética, Universidad de Valencia To gain a comprehensive understanding of the defense molecular mechanisms in tomato fruit against B. cinerea infection, a proteomic approach based on multiplexed isobaric tagging technology (iTRAQ) using tandem mass spectrometry was undertaken. MG4 fruit controls and B. cinerea challenged fruits (24 hpi) were analyzed. 30172 peptide MS/MS spectra were generated and 361 distinct proteins were assembled. Species distribution, terms, and pathway data retrieved from UniProt showed extensive protein coverage in terms of physicochemical properties and diversity in GO categories. The largest GO biological process categories were cellular and metabolic processes and response to stimuli. Differential proteins were selected based on the following cut-off criteria: i) p-value
FESPB 2010 - XVII Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Biology stimulus (5 PR-10; 2 chitinase class II; 2 PR-P2; and 1 woundinduced proteinase inhibitor I); and 15 response to chemical stimulus (10 oxidative stress response; 4 hydric stress response; 1 herbicide response). Results indicate that pathogenesis-related proteins and antioxidant enzymes may play a role in the protection against B. cinerea tomato fruit infection. P17-047: TRYPTOPHAN-DERIVED SECONDARY ME- TABOLITES IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA CONFER NONHOST RESISTANCE TO NECROTROPHIC PLEC- TOSPHAERELLA CUCUMERINA FUNGI Sanchez-Vallet, A.*¹ - Ramos, B.¹ - Bednarek, P.² - Lopez, G.¹ - Pislewska-Bednarek, M.² - Schulze-Lefert, P.² - Molina, A.¹ ¹Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid ²Max Planck Institut für Züchtungsforschung * Corresponding author e-mail: andrea.sanchezv@upm.es A defence pathway contributing to nonhost resistance in Arabidopsis to biotrophic fungi involves the synthesis and targeted delivery of the tryptophan (trp)-derived metabolites indol glucosinolates (IGs) and camalexin at pathogen contact sites. We have examined whether these metabolites are also rate-limiting for colonization by necrotrophic fungi. Inoculation of Arabidopsis with adapted or nonadapted isolates of the ascomycete Plectosphaerella cucumerina triggers the accumulation of trp-derived metabolites. We found that their depletion in cyp79B2 cyp79B3mutants renders Arabidopsis fully susceptible to each of three tested P. cucumerina isolates. This assigns a key role to trp-derived secondary metabolites in limiting growth of both nonadapted and adapted necrotrophic fungi. However, 4-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate, which is generated by the P450 monooxygenase CYP81F2 and hydrolyzed by PEN2 myrosinase, together with the antimicrobial camalexin play a minor role in restricting the growth of the nonadapted necrotrophs. This contrasts with a major role of these two trp-derived phytochemicals in limiting invasive growth of nonadapted biotrophic powdery mildew fungi, thereby implying the existence of other unknown trp-derived metabolites in resistance responses to nonadapted necrotrophic P. cucumerina.Impaired defence to nonadapted P. cucumerina,but not to the nonadapted biotrophic fungus Erysiphe pisi, on cyp79B2 cyp79B3 plants is largely restored in the irx1 background that shows a constitutive accumulation of antimicrobial peptides. Our findings imply differential contributions of antimicrobials in nonhost resistance to necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens. P17-048: DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION OF 3-AMINOMETHYLINDOLE/N-METHYL-3-AMINOME- THYLINDOLE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE AND GRA- MINE IN BARLEY BY BOTH BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESSES Jonsson, L.¹ - Larsson, KAE.¹ - Saheed, SA.² - Gradin, T.¹ - Delp, G.¹ - Karpinska, B.¹ - Botha, CEJ.² ¹Södertörn University ²Rhodes University *Corresponding author e-mail: lisbeth.jonsson@sh.se The expression of NMT (3-Aminomethylindole/N-Methyl-3- aminomethylindole N-methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.), involved in the biosynthesis of the indole alkaloid gramine, was investigated in aphid-infested barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). NMT is induced by methyl jasmonate and it was hypothesized that the gene would be more strongly upregulated in aphid-resistant barley. Infestation by bird-cherry oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi, L.) and rose-grain aphid (Metopolophium dirhodum,Walker) resulted in higher NMT expression in the doubled haploid line 5172-28:4 (DH28:4), which has moderate resistance against R. padi, but not in other aphid-barley combinations. None of the aphid - plant combinations had however increased gramine. The increased abundance of NMT transcript in aphid-infested DH28:4 did not lead to higher amounts of NMT protein or NMT enzyme activity, neither did 200 times upregulation of NMT transcript in cotyledons incubated with methyl jasmonate. This illustrates that even large differences measured at transcript level may have no metabolic consequences. Drought stress or treatments with abscisic acid did lead to higher gramine concentrations in several barley cultivars, but without any concomitant increase of NMT transcripts. Thus, the regulation of the biosynthetic pathway to gramine at transcript and metabolite level diverges during two different stress conditions. P17-049: EARLY DETECTION OF PLASMOPARA VI- TICOLA INFECTION IN GRAPEVINE LEAVES USING CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE IMAGING BOTH IN LABORATORY AND FIELD CONDITIONS. Olejnicková, J.¹* - Vrchotová, N.¹ - Tríska, J.¹ - Sotolár, R.² ¹Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology ASCR ²Department of Viticulture and Viniculture, Mendel Univerzity in Brno *Corresponding author e-mail: olejnickova@greentech.cz Plasmopara viticola is an important pathogen of grapevine. Our study aimed to determine whether chlorophyll fluorescence (Chl- F) imaging can be used to reveal early stages of P. viticola infection under conditions similar to those occurring in field, in vineyards. Maximum (FV/FM) and effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦII) were identified as the most sensitive reporters of the infection both in lab and field conditions. Significant changes of FV/FM and ΦII were spatially coincident with spots of inoculation, where photosynthesis was impaired before occurrence of visible symptoms. Sensitive and resistant varieties differed in response to fungal attack: in sensitive varieties, ΦII images showed small spots with decreased PSII activity in early phase; in late phase of infection the affected area covered nearly the whole leaf area. In resistant varieties lowered PSII activity occurred only in place of fungal attack both in early and late phase. These spots were much larger; the infection was localized and not allowed to spread. In order to look into plant defense reaction we analyzed content of phenolic comnpounds (resveratrol and pterostilben) that serve also as phytoalexins. In infected leaves these compounds were highly produced compared to healthy leaves. However, their production did not correlate with sensitiveness or resistance of the varieties. P17-050: CDR1 POSITIONING WITHIN THE DISEASE RESISTANCE SIGNAL NETWORK Ortega-Galisteo, A.P.¹ - Creissen, G.² - Sandalio, LM.¹ - Romero- Puertas, M.³ - Lamb, C.J.²* ¹Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain ²Disease and Stress Biology Department, John Innes Center, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, UK ³Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC) Constitutive Disease Resistance 1 (CDR1) encodes an apoplastic aspartic protease that mediates a peptide signal system involved in the activation of inducible resistance mechanism (1). CDR1 over–expression causes dwarfing and resistance to virulent Pseudomonas syringae. These phenotypes reflect salicylic-aciddependent activation of micro-oxidative burst and various defense-related genes. We have created and characterized transgenic plants containing CDR1 under the control of the dexamethasone inducible TA promoter (TApr::CDR1). Local dexamethasone induction allows determination of whether downstream com-
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Page 206 and 207: Author Index Aarts, M.G. S18-002 Ab
Page 208 and 209: Cattivelli, L. P01-031 Cawly, J. P1
Page 210 and 211: Gallego, B. P17-037 Gallego, P.P. P
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Page 214 and 215: Miguel, C. S02-001, P01-122 Milhinh
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Page 218 and 219: Tanimoto, E. P01-045 Tarakanov, I.
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Book of Abstracts - Geyseco

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