Book of Abstracts - Geyseco

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ERSP - Posters P01 Environmental Stresses and Acclimation P01-001: EFFECT OF DROUGHT STRESS AND DIFFE- RENT FERTILIZERS ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AS- PECTS IN CHAMOMILE Heidari, M. 1 * - Arazmjo, A. 2 1 University of Zabol 2 MSC student of agronomy, University of Zabol *Corresponding author, e-mail: Haydari2005@gmail.com In order to study the effects of water stress and three kind of fertilizers on physiological parameters (Ch a, Ch b, proline and carbohydrates concentration) and sodium and potassium concentration in Chamomile (Matricaria chamomoilla L.) a field experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design in split plot arrangement with three replications in 2008 at university of Zabol. Drought treatments included 90% FC or non stress (W 1 ), 70% FC (W 2 ) and 50% FC (W 3 ) as main plot and fertilizer treatments included non fertilizer (F 1 ), chemical fertilizer (F 2 ), manure (F 3 ) and compost (F 4 ) as sub plot. Results showed that water stress at W 3 treatment, reduced dry flower yield about 18.1%. In this study, however the highest flower yield was obtained from W 1 and use of chemical fertilizer treatments but at W 3 treatment, among the fertilizer, manure had the best effect on flower yield in Chamomile. Water stress increased percentage and yield of Essential oil but the highest of that was obtained in W 2 and use of chemical fertilizer. In this experiment, Chlorophyll a, b and K + contents in leaves decreased by impact of water stress but free proline, total soluble carbohydrate concentration and Na + were increased under water stress. Use of manure fertilizer had the highest positive effects on physiological parameters and potassium uptake under water stress condition in chamomile. P01-002: NOVEL STRESS EFFECTS OF NANOSIZED COLLOIDS IN THE EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ENVI- RONMENT OF PLANTS Neumann, P.* - Asli, S. Technion *Corresponding author, e-mail: agpetern@tx.technion.ac.il Nanosized colloid particles are ubiquitous in the aqueous phase of the rhizosphere (clays, humic acids) and plant internal environment (xylem proteins, polysaccharides). We report on time and concentration dependent inhibition of root and xylem hydraulic conductivity by colloids. The inhibition is shown to cause reductions in whole plant resistance to water deficits, leaf growth and transpiration. The mechanisms of inhibition, possible plant adaptations and practical consequences of these novel phenomena are discussed. Asli S, Neumann PM 2009 Colloidal suspensions of clay or titanium dioxide nanoparticles can inhibit leaf growth and transpiration via physical effects on root water transport. Plant Cell & Environment 32: 577-584 Neumann PM. 2008 Coping mechanisms for crop plants in drought prone environments. Annals of Botany 101:901-907 P01-003: PHOTOSYNTHETIC PERFORMANCE OF A NON-ENDEMIC CROP SPECIES UNDER DROUGHT AND HIGH-IRRADIANCE IN MEDITERRANEAN AREAS Montanaro, G.* - Dichio, B. - Xiloyannis, C. Dipartimento di scienze dei Sistemi Colturali, Forestali e dell’Ambiente / Università degli Studi della Basilicata *Corresponding author, e-mail: giuseppe.montanaro@unibas.it Distribution at a global scale of some cultivated (high profitable) crops may be affected by economic pressures, leading these crops to grow often under sub-optimal climatic conditions. This is the case with kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) which has been introduced also in semi-arid Mediterranean areas where summer are dry and irradiation typically high being in contrast with the habitat of origin. Therefore we investigate the physiological and structural leaf response of field-grown kiwifruit to Mediterranean climate conditions coupled with water shortage At mid-summer, groups of plants were progressively droughted. Daily variations in leaf gas exchange and midday chl-a fluorescence were determined once plants had -0.6 MPa (moderate stress) and -1.0 MPa pre-down leaf water potential (severe stress). Results suggest that high-light per se does not greatly affect the efficiency of photosystem (PS)2, but instead predisposes it to be synergistically reduced by drought co-occurrence. Fluorescence indices showed transiently photodamage of PS2 with a complete recovery in the afternoon in both droughted and irrigated plants. Also we documented that a 50 % shade application maintained efficiency of PS2 (Fv/Fm) close to 0.8 even under severe drought so that to prevent its large decline (0.65) recorded in sunlit leaves. Under moderate stress level stomata behaviour dominated upon metabolic impairments of PS2. Reduction of irradiance increased WUE (15-20 %) in droughted vines. Efficiency of PS2, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance upon rewatering is discussed.We conclude that kiwifruit photosynthetic apparatus is prepared to cope with temporary water shortage under adverse Mediterranean-type-climates P01-005: DYNAMICS OF CYTOGENETIC DISTURBAN- CES AND STRUCTURE OF ECOLOGICAL-GENETIC VARIABILITY IN SCOTS PINE POPULATIONS EXPE- RIENCING TECHNOGENIC IMPACT Oudalova, A.* , Geraskin, S. Russian Institute of Agricultural Radiology & Agroecology *Corresponding author, e-mail: oudalova@mail.ru Environment contamination is one of the most important ecological factors essential for biota existence and development. Studies after radiation accidents in the South Urals and Chernobyl showed that mutation and recombination processes accelerate in plant and animal populations experiencing chronic exposure. This result in a rearrangement of population genetic structure and increases genetic load. Surveying temporal trends in populations under stress and studying changes in their genetic variability give a basis for better understanding adaptation in populations. To test the pine tree population stability against additional acute impact, a portion of seeds was exposed to 15 Gy of γ-rays and a higher resistance in the impacted populations was found. A family-related analysis of variability components revealed alterations in intrapopulation variability structure. A degree of these alterations related to the impact severity. Scots pine populations in vicinity of a nuclear waste storage plant and under an urban pressure were monitored during six years (Leningrad region, Russia.) Cytogenetical damage in the impacted pine tree populations was significantly over reference level. Temporal dynamics of aberrant cell occurrence was studied, and cyclic fluctuations with time were found in the reference population, whereas in the impacted populations stress appeared strong enough to destroy the natural regularities. In cytogenetic variability, ecological and genotypic components were distinguished, and their proportion was studied P
FESPB 2010 - XVII Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Biology in dependence on time and technogenic impact. A tendency for dynamics destabilization in the variability structure was revealed under chronic stress. P01-006: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STRATEGIES OF EDAPHIC PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES OF THE CE- RRADO Meira Neto, J.* - Viana Neri, A. - Gomes Ferreira Junior, W. - Lopes de Souza, A. - Schaefer, C.E. Universidade Federal de Vicosa - UFV *Corresponding author, e-mail: j_meiraneto@hotmail.com It is hard to believe that a large and megadiverse tropical ecosystem has only one important gradient for woody species: soils with higher calcium contents to acidic soils with high contents of Al3+. In addition to the calcium-aluminum gradient, we hypothesize that there are other important environmental variables and a greater diversity of plant functional types than the two that have previously been described. The study site is a small patch that has a broad range of soil variation and fire protection. We employed 25 20x20m plots positioned in transects of five plots per soil unit. Soil samples were a mix of ten sub-samples from 0 to 20 cm depth in each 20x20 m vegetation plot. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed four types of species. Mechanistic models showed that plant functional types were correlated with calcium-aluminum and organic matter/drainage-aluminum gradients. Primary and secondary plant strategy nomenclature follows Grime’s primary and secondary plant strategies theory: Competitors (CC), Aluminum-Semi-Tolerant-Competitors (ASC), Aluminum-Tolerant-Competitors (ATC) and Aluminum Tolerant (AT). Regressions for 38 species (from 44 analyzed) were significant (p
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Author Index Aarts, M.G. S18-002 Ab
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Cattivelli, L. P01-031 Cawly, J. P1
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Gallego, B. P17-037 Gallego, P.P. P
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Kersten, B. P10-017 Keskin, O. P05-
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Miguel, C. S02-001, P01-122 Milhinh
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Ramiro, M. P09-018 Ramon, M P13-002
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Tanimoto, E. P01-045 Tarakanov, I.
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Book of Abstracts - Geyseco

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