Book of Abstracts - Geyseco

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P - Posters thylesterified in muro by pectin methylesterase (PME). The activity of PME is controlled by the pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein (PMEI). Since an increased level or a blockwise distribution of cell wall pectin methyesterification can reduce disease symptom both in monocot and dicot species, we have isolated three wheat (Triticum durum L.) pmei genes, Tdpmei1, Tdpmei2 and Tdpmei3, and demonstrated that they encode functional PMEI. These genes represent the first PMEIs characterized in wheat and we showed that they are transcribed in roots, stems, leaves and spikelets with a different pattern of transcript accumulation. Tdpmei1 and Tdpmei2 are regulated during leaf expansion and accumulate mainly in the mature leave, whereas Tdpmei3 is more expressed in expanding leaves compared to the mature ones and accumulate strongly in the stem. P17-068: THE ROLE OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) IN THE NECROTROPH-BIOTROPH RESISTAN- CE TRADE-OFF CONFERRED BY DELLA IN WHEAT AND BARLEY. Saville, R. – Nicholson, P. – Boulton, M. John Innes Centre *Corresponding author e-mail: robert.saville@bbsrc.ac.uk DELLA proteins are members of a family of putative transcription factors and are involved in gibberellic acid (GA) signal transduction 1 . Arabidopsis encodes five distinct DELLA proteins. Gain-of-function (GoF) mutant alleles such as the well characterised dwarf mutant gibberellin insensitive (gai) have reduced GA responsiveness. The ‘Green Revolution’ wheat semidwarfing alleles, Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b are orthologues of Arabidopsis gai 2 and are now used extensively in modern day cultivars to reduce plant height. Wheat is hexaploid and contains an Rht locus on each of its Group 4 chromosomes (4A, 4B and 4D). Barley is diploid containing one copy of the Rht orthologue (Sln1). There are both GoF and loss of function (LoF) Sln1 mutant lines available for barley whereas only GoF Rht lines are available in wheat. Studies in Arabidopsis demonstrated that DELLAs promote susceptibility to virulent biotrophs and resistance to necrotrophs partly through their influence of the balance of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling 3 and also through the modulation of ROS levels 4 . We have been investigating the necrotroph – biotroph resistance trade-off of the wheat Rht and barley Sln1 mutants to cereal pathogens. We have shown that GoF (DELLA accumulating) mutants generally confer increased resistance to necrotrophs and increased susceptibility to biotrophs compared to the wild type and vice versa in LoF mutants, indicating a role for DELLA in controlling cell death processes. We discuss DE- LLAs’ role in increasing tolerance to ROS-induced cell death. 1 Peng et al. (1997), Genes & Dev., 11:3194-3205. 2 Peng et al.(1999), Nature, 400:256-261 3 Navarro et al. (2008), Current Biology, 18:650-655 4 Achard et al. (2008), Current Biology, 18:656-660. P17-069: METABOLOMIC ANALYSIS OF RAPESEED (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) SUSCEPTIBLE AND PARTIALLY RESISTANT TO THE TELLURIC PATHOGEN PLASMO- DIOPHORA BRASSICAE Wagner, G.¹* - Charton, S.¹ - Marnet, N.¹ - Lugan, R.² - Lariagon, C.¹ - Bouchereau, A.¹ - Delourme, R.¹ - Manzanares-Dauleux, M.J.¹ - Gravot, A.¹ ¹INRA, UMR 118 APBV INRA/Agrocampus Ouest/Université, Le Rheu, France ²C.N.R.S., Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Plateforme métabolomique, Strasbourg, France) *Corresponding author e-mail: geoffrey.wagner@rennes.inra.fr Clubroot, caused by the obligate telluric biotroph Plasmodiophora brassicae, is one of the most devastating pathogens in Brassicaceae. The disease is characterised by the development of clubs on the root system due to cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasy. Our group focuses on partial quantitative resistance, under polygenic control, described as being more durable than qualitative resistance. Previous work in our team led to the identification of partial quantitative resistance to clubroot in the Brassica napus genotype Darmor-bzh, which was used as a model to perform a genetic analysis of the architecture of quantitative resistance. Cellular mechanisms underlying this resistance remain however poorly understood, particularly at the metabolic level. In this respect, we have undergone a metabolomic approach i) to characterize the metabolic differences between partial resistant and susceptible genotypes and ii) to identify differentially accumulated metabolites that could be used as reliable metabolic markers of resistance. A combination of targeted and untargeted metabolite profiles was performed in both root and shoot tissues of Darmor-bzh and Yudal (clubroot-susceptible genotype), at several time points after inoculation. We focused our analysis on primary and secondary metabolites: glucosinolates, flavonoids, carbohydrates and amino acids. The results are discussed in the light of current knowledge about source-sink relationships between shoots and roots during clubroot development. P17-070: EVOLUTION AND VARIABILITY OF RESIS- TANCE AND VIRULENCE FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE INTERACTION BETWEEN GLOBODERA PALLI- DA AND SOLANUM TUBEROSUM HARBORING THE RESISTANCE GENE GPA2 Carpentier, J.* - Fouville, D. - Manzanares-Dauleux. M.J. – Kerlan, M.C. – Grenier, E. INRA, UMR 1099 Bio3P INRA/Agrocampus Ouest/Université, Le Rheu, France *Corresponding author e-mail: jean.carpentier@rennes.inra.fr The cyst nematode Globodera pallida is one of the most damaging diseases of Solanum tuberosum causing serious losses in crops. This nematode is very difficult to control by using biological or chemical methods, these later being in addition toxic for environment and humans. Therefore, using resistant cultivars represents the best way to control endoparasitic nematodes like G. pallida. In S. tuberosumh, igh level of nematode resistance can be conferred by major genes isolate-specific. The major gene Gpa2 (NBS-LRR) confers resistance to the pathotype Pa2 of G. pallida. In this plant-nematode interaction, the resistance protein Gpa2 needs the RanGTPase activating protein RanGap2 to recognize the nematode avirulence gene Rbp1. In order to better understand the role of each factor in this interaction, we have characterized molecular variability of RanGap2 and Rbp1, analyzed selection pressure which acted on RanGap2 and Rbp1 and detected nucleotidic sites of RanGap2 and Rbp1under positive selection. The variability of these two genes was described by sequencing RanGap2 from 56 plant genotypes belonging to 18 Solanum species and by sequencing Rbp1 from 200 nematode genotypes coming from 20 G. pallida populations. Then we have searched for hallmarks of selection pressure on RanGap2 and Rbp1 sequences using the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates per site estimated with PAML package. The detected sites could have a major role in the recognition by Gpa2. The variability study of both plant and nematode genes in its evolutive context would allow to better select the genetic factors to use for constructing varieties showing efficient and durable resistance. P17-071: TOLERANCE TO TREHALOSE UNDERLIES ONE QTL FOR CLUBROOT PARTIAL RESISTANCE IN THE ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA ECOTYPE BUR-0 Gravot, A.* - Grillet, L. – Wagner, G. – Jubault, M. – Bouguenec, V. – Lariagon, C. – Deleu, C. – Delourme, R. – Bouchereau, A. - Manzanares-Dauleux, M. J. INRA/Agrocampus Ouest/Université Rennes 1 *Corresponding author e-mail: antoine.gravot@univ-rennes1.fr P
FESPB 2010 - XVII Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Biology Clubroot disease is caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae and leads to the development of galls in infected roots of Brassicaceae. This physiopathological process relies on the phytohormonal modulation of plant metabolic resource allocation. High accumulation of trehalose has been observed in clubroot infected plants. However, despite the central importance of the trehalose pathway in the regulation of plant primary metabolism, little is known about the implication of trehalose in the mechanisms of resistance / susceptibility to P. brassicae. The present work showed that the clubroot partially resistant Arabidopsis accession Bur-0 was tolerant to exogenous trehalose. A QTL analysis on a Bur-0 x Col-0 (susceptible to exogenous trehalose) segregating population led to the identification of one QTL involved in trehalose tolerance that co-localized with a previously identified QTL for quantitative resistance to P. brassicae. This result was confirmed by the analysis of near-isogenic lines (HIF). Accumulation of trehalose in tissues of trehalose treated Bur-0 was not drastically lower than in Col-0, suggesting that this tolerance could be related to contrasting downstream response to trehalose rather than to trehalose degradation. Trehalose was accumulated in both parental accessions during clubroot infection, but trehalase enzymatic activity was induced only in the susceptible Col-0 accession. We conclude that tolerance to trehalose in Bur-0 is likely involved in clubroot resistance, and that this tolerance relies on a trehalase-independent mechanism, supporting an original model where a partial resistance would rely on contrasting primary metabolism regulation P17-072: PLANT HORMONES IN FUNCTIONING OF GLYCINE MAX – BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM SYMBIOSIS Volkogon, M.* – Mamenko, P. – Kots, S. *Corresponding author e-mail: volkogon@ifrg.kiev.ua Biological nitrogen fixation via symbiotic systems of higher plants and nodule bacteria is the global process gaining its actuality nowadays at introduction of high yield farming, resources saving and environment protection means. Using of model systems with modified symbiotic characteristics is of a great interest for symbiosis physiology research uncovering role of biomolecules and the regulation pathways of symbiotic interactions. We have studied the role of indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin (Z) and zeatin-riboside (ZR) in functioning of Glycine max-Bradyrhizobium japonicumsymbiotic systems under the seeds inoculation with strains and Tn5-mutants varying by their symbiotic properties. The study of auxin contents in roots and nodules of infected plants have indicated key role of host plants in IAA biosynthesis. It was shown that changes in IAA level are independent of inoculum strain activity – both high and nonactive bacteria and their Tn5-mutants have promoted IAA level increase in the nodules. This confirms unspecific role of auxins in symbiosis formation laying in triggering of endoreduplication and mitoses in infected root cells. As is known auxins act in complex with other plant hormones, cytokinins in particular, that control root nodules initiation and growth. Thus, Z and ZR levels in nodules had indicated direct relationships between their activity and nitrogen fixation ability. It was shown that inoculation with active strains and Tn5-mutants of B. japonicum had resulted in higher cytokinins biosynthesis. The results obtained expand our knowledge on hormonal control of symbiotic relationships and might be used as the theoretical and practical base for elaboration and improving of sustainable agriculture techniques. P17-073: EXPRESSION OF SMALL GTP-BINDING PRO- TEINS IN ROOT NODULES OF MEDICAGO TRUNCA- TULA Memon, A.R. - Wiebe, A. - Kliendt, C.K. - Yuzbasioglu, E. - Weisshaar, B. - Niehaus, K. International University of Sarajevo, Genetics and Bioengineering programme, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Istanbul University, Turkey and CeBiTech, Univ. Severasl tudies have shown that membrane associated small GTPases belonging to the Arf/Sar, Rab, and Rop/Rac families, along with their interacting proteins, playing a vital role in the diverse aspects of root nodule formation and development. The protein and gene expression studies could suggest a nodulespecific expression of small GTP binding proteins especially the expression of several Rabs and Rops.We previously made an attempt to retrieve the EST databases of of two model legume plants, Medicago and Lotus and searched the nodule specific expressed transcripts of small GTPases. As a result of this bioinformatic analyses, two ARL like genes, a group of 10 Rab GTPases and one or two ROP like GTPases were found to be mainly expressed in nodules. The sequences determined as a result of this study, we decided to commence detail expression analysis of these GTP-binding proteins at RNA and protein levels in rhizobium inoculated and non inoculated roots and nodules of Medicago truncatula. Our results show three to five times more Sar1 and Arf1 protein content in rhizobium infected roots compared to non inoculated one. qReal-time PCR experiments clearly showed about 5 to 10 times more expression of Sar1, Arf1, Arl1, Rab1, Rab4, Rab7, Rab11 and Rop2 and Rop4 in roots and nodules of inoculated plants compared to the roots of non inoculated ones. P17-074: SEED MICROFLORA OF PLANT SPECIES AF- TER CRYOCONSERVATION IN Arapetyan, E.* - Bilynska, I. – Usatenko, Y. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv *Corresponding author e-mail: emarapetyan@gmail.com Seeds of wild plants have many different microorganisms on its coat. Influence of ultralow temperature on viability these microorganisms are showed. Seeds of 14 wild plant species from different family (Caryophyllaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae) kept in the liquid nitrogen (-1960 C, experiment) and in the room conditions (control) during 6 months. After thawing of seeds its sowed on nutrient medium for microorganism. Are finded out microorganisms presence on seed coat surface of all species as in control as in experiment variants. Quality microorganism composition were very different. Fungi dominated on surface of seeds after cryoconservation and bacterias - in control variant. The least contaminate are showed for seedsfrom Caryophyllaceae family. P17-075: PARTIAL RESISTANCE OF POTATO TU- BERS TO PECTOBACTERIUM ATROSEPTICUM: THE EFFECT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AGE ON DEFENCE Kröner, A. – Pusnel, R. – Hamelin, G. – Val, F. UMR 1099 BiO3P (Biologie des Organismes et des Populations appliquée à la Protection des Plantes), INRA - Agrocampus Ouest - Université de Rennes I) Pectobacterium atrosepticum is the causal agent of potential damage during storage of potato tubers. The extent of damage varies among cultivars showing different levels of resistance. Underlying mechanisms are still not completely understood, but could contribute to a better control of disease. Our hypothesis is that the level of resistance could be explained by active induction of defence by potato tubers in response to Pectobacterium atrosepticum. It is supported by findings of (Kumar& Knowles, 2003) who studied the wound response of tubers during storage. They found wound healing ability to decrease in ageing tubers and propose that it could be caused by reduced inducible activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and reduced synthesis of phenolic compounds. These metabolic processes are also implicated in defence against pathogens. The aim of the study is to show if levels of tuber resistance to Pectobacterium atrosepticum dependon tuber age and if it is
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Page 206 and 207: Author Index Aarts, M.G. S18-002 Ab
Page 208 and 209: Cattivelli, L. P01-031 Cawly, J. P1
Page 210 and 211: Gallego, B. P17-037 Gallego, P.P. P
Page 212 and 213: Kersten, B. P10-017 Keskin, O. P05-
Page 214 and 215: Miguel, C. S02-001, P01-122 Milhinh
Page 216 and 217: Ramiro, M. P09-018 Ramon, M P13-002
Page 218 and 219: Tanimoto, E. P01-045 Tarakanov, I.
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